RESUMO
Background: Orofacial cleft is among the most common developmental malformations in humans. This study aimed to identify the relationship between environmental factors and nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in Northwest China. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in Gansu Province, China over two years (Jan. 1, 2017-Jan. 1, 2019). Overall, 600 NSCL/P cases and 660 normal control cases were finally enrolled in the current study. Data were collected by conducting face-to-face interviews with both parents of each case. Results: Univariate (χ2) analysis revealed 22 factors as being significantly associated with NSCL/P. Multivariate (stepwise logistic regression) analysis identified that 14 factors had statistically significant association with NSCL/P. Male gender (OR=0.789), paternal age at childbirth of 25-29 yr (OR=0.690), and folic acid supplement (OR=0.197) were found to be protective factors against NSCL/P. On the other hand, blood A-type, multiple births, positive family history of NSCLP (OR=6.660), parental consanguinity (OR=6.107), positive abortion history, high or low maternal childbearing age, and maternal passive smoking (OR=4.349), malnutrition (OR=4.431), infections, and drug use (OR=2.188) during early gestation were significant risk factors for NSCL/P. Conclusion: Parental age at childbirth of 25-29 yr, and folic acid supplement can reduce the risk of NSCL/P. By contrast, maternal passive smoking, infections, and drug use during early gestation period, and multiple births, parental consanguinity, positive family history, and maternal abortion history can increase the risk of NSCL/P. Identification of risk factors is essential in minimizing the incidence of NSCL/P in a particular population.
RESUMO
This study aimed to analyze the relationship of the occlusal support together with the lower third molars to the mandibular fractures of the angle and condyle among patients in our medical institutions. This was a retrospective study that reviewed the medical records and radiographs of all patients treated for mandibular fractures from 2015 to 2019. The data collected by using picture archiving and communicating system. Only records with mandibular angle or condyle fractures were included. The dependent variable was the presence of the fractures of the mandibular angle or condyle. The independent variables were epidemiological data, third molar characteristics, existence or absence of occlusal support. The data was analyzed through Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression. From a total of 187 mandibular fractures, 44 presented mandibular angle fracture and 29 shown condyle fractures. The average age was 40.34 ± 13.47 years. The absence of occlusal support increased the chance of condyle fractures by 5.1 times (95% CI 1.61-17.29). The lack of occlusal support is more associated with condyle fractures than the presence of occlusal support, regardless of third molar presence and characteristics and other variables evaluated.
