[Overview of visual impairment at the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Medical Center: Study of 501 cases]. / Les profils de la déficience visuelle au centre hospitalier universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo : à propos de 501 cas.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the main causes of visual impairment according to age in patients admitted to the ophthalmology department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 501 cases of visual impairment. Included were patients of both sexes whose best-corrected visual acuity in the better eye was strictly less than 5/10. The parameters studied were age, gender, place of residence, corrected visual acuity in the better eye, and diagnosis. The data were entered and processed with the Epi info 7.2 software. RESULTS: Subjects over 50 were the most prevalent (48.5%). In patients over 50 years of age, cataracts (54.32%) were the leading cause of visual impairment, followed by glaucoma (24.69%) and non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy (26.19%). Trauma (17.62%) was frequently found in patients aged 16 to 50 years. Tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis (25.00%) was the leading cause of visual impairment in subjects aged 5 to 15 years. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the results of the literature, which have shown that cataracts are the leading cause of visual impairment in developing countries. A major effort to raise awareness, provide information and therapeutic care would reduce the incidence of visual impairment.

[Lacquer cracks complicated with choroidal neovascularization in pseudoxanthoma elasticum: the first case report in Burkina Faso]. / Stries angioïdes compliquées de néovascularisation choroïdienne dans le cadre d'un pseudoxanthome élastique: 1er cas décrit au Burkina Faso.

Lacquer cracks are breaks in the Bruch membrane by alteration of the elastic layer. They are often associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. The authors report the first case in Burkina Faso involving a 51-year-old woman who was seen for visual acuity loss. She had pseudoxanthoma elasticum associated with lacquer cracks complicated by choroidal neovascularization in both eyes. She was treated with laser photocoagulation of the neovessels in the left eye, and no recurrence was reported after 6 months.

[Subgingival irrigation combined with scaling and root planing. Results of a study with chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite]. / L'irrigation sous-gingivale associée au curetage parodontal. Effets de l'étude de l'Eludril et du Dakin Cooper.

Scaling and root planning is more and more associated with subgingival irrigation in chronics periodontal treatment. It is unreasonable to expect to control periodontal infections by mechanical treatment alone. Most patients do not achieve the necessary level of manual dexterity or motivation to control their plaque at home. It is rather better to deliver antimicrobial agents directly into the periodontal pocket. The aim of this study is to evaluate the action of subgingival irrigation associated to periodontal scaling on the clinical parameters and to compare the effects of chlorhexidine (Eludril) and sodium hypochlorite (Dakin Cooper) on adult's chronics periodontitis treatment. At the level of Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Bleeding on Probing, the results show that Eludril irrigation associated to scaling is lightly efficacious than Dakin cooper irrigation associated to scaling. And, the last one also is lightly efficacious than scaling alone. However, at the level of pocket depth, scaling alone has been also effective than scaling associated with subgingival irrigation.

[Pregnancy and periodontal health. Study of 133 pregnant women]. / Grossesse et état de santé parodontale. Etude aupres de 133 femmes enceintes.

The pregnancy is a modified physiological state having consequences on the buccal sphere generally and on the periodontal tissues in particular. We proceeded to the periodontal exam of 133 pregnant women; in spite of a relatively acceptable hygiene, 73.7% of them present periodontal changes. These changes concern especially the superficial periodontal. We did not observe the presence of deep pockets periodontal. It emerges of our study that neither the period of pregnancy, nor the parity have influence in the importance of the periodontal hurts.

[Oral hygiene habits and the state of periodontal health among a population of 1228 students in Abidjan]. / Habitudes d'hygiène bucco-dentaire et état de santé parodontal: cas d'une population de 1228 élèves à Abidjan.

The purpose of our study was to determine the customs of oral hygiene and the health periodontal of a population of pupils in Abidjan. We led a transverse inquiry on a sample of 1228 pupils. Our results showed that the pupils had bad habits of bucco-dental hygiene which is translated by a bad periodontal health. More than 80% of them presents deposits of tartar and 9.6% of the population have periodontal pockets.

Cancer incidence in Abidjan, Ivory Coast: first results from the cancer registry, 1995-1997.

BACKGROUND: There are few data concerning cancer incidence rates in contemporary West Africa. The first data from the cancer registry of Abidjan, the capital of Ivory Coast, for the period 1995-1997 are reported in the current study. METHODS: The cancer registry attempts to record data on all new cases of cancer diagnosed in the city of Abidjan, including cases without histologic confirmation of diagnosis. RESULTS: Two thousand eight hundred fifteen new cancer cases were registered in 3 years, corresponding to age-standardized (world population) incidence rates of 83.7 per 100,000 in men and 98. 6 per 100,000 in women. As reported elsewhere in West Africa, the principal cancers in men were liver cancer (15%) and prostate cancer (15.8%), with modest rates of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (10.5%) and gastric cancer (4.5%). In women, breast cancer was the most frequent tumor (25.7%), followed by cervical cancer (24.0%) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (7.3%). In contrast to other registry data from West Africa, Kaposi sarcoma occurs with moderate frequency (7.7% of cases reported in men and 2.1% in women). In the pediatric age group, relatively high incidence rates were found for Burkitt lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: Although there most likely is some underascertainment of cases, so that the actual incidence rates may be underestimated, the cancer profile should be a fair reflection of the true situation. In addition to tumors that are well known to be common in sub-Saharan Africa, such as cancers of the liver and cervix, this urban population shows some features of "Westernization" of cancer patterns, in particular the relatively high rates of breast cancer and prostate cancer. The effects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic are reflected in the moderate rates of Kaposi sarcoma reported.