RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the main causes of visual impairment according to age in patients admitted to the ophthalmology department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 501 cases of visual impairment. Included were patients of both sexes whose best-corrected visual acuity in the better eye was strictly less than 5/10. The parameters studied were age, gender, place of residence, corrected visual acuity in the better eye, and diagnosis. The data were entered and processed with the Epi info 7.2 software. RESULTS: Subjects over 50 were the most prevalent (48.5%). In patients over 50 years of age, cataracts (54.32%) were the leading cause of visual impairment, followed by glaucoma (24.69%) and non-glaucomatous optic neuropathy (26.19%). Trauma (17.62%) was frequently found in patients aged 16 to 50 years. Tropical endemic limbo-conjunctivitis (25.00%) was the leading cause of visual impairment in subjects aged 5 to 15 years. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the results of the literature, which have shown that cataracts are the leading cause of visual impairment in developing countries. A major effort to raise awareness, provide information and therapeutic care would reduce the incidence of visual impairment.
Assuntos
Catarata , Glaucoma , Baixa Visão , Centros Médicos Acadêmicos , Cegueira , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Baixa Visão/diagnóstico , Baixa Visão/epidemiologia , Baixa Visão/etiologiaRESUMO
Lacquer cracks are breaks in the Bruch membrane by alteration of the elastic layer. They are often associated with pseudoxanthoma elasticum. The authors report the first case in Burkina Faso involving a 51-year-old woman who was seen for visual acuity loss. She had pseudoxanthoma elasticum associated with lacquer cracks complicated by choroidal neovascularization in both eyes. She was treated with laser photocoagulation of the neovessels in the left eye, and no recurrence was reported after 6 months.
Assuntos
Lâmina Basilar da Corioide , Neovascularização de Coroide/etiologia , Pseudoxantoma Elástico/complicações , Lâmina Basilar da Corioide/patologia , Burkina Faso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Scaling and root planning is more and more associated with subgingival irrigation in chronics periodontal treatment. It is unreasonable to expect to control periodontal infections by mechanical treatment alone. Most patients do not achieve the necessary level of manual dexterity or motivation to control their plaque at home. It is rather better to deliver antimicrobial agents directly into the periodontal pocket. The aim of this study is to evaluate the action of subgingival irrigation associated to periodontal scaling on the clinical parameters and to compare the effects of chlorhexidine (Eludril) and sodium hypochlorite (Dakin Cooper) on adult's chronics periodontitis treatment. At the level of Plaque Index, Gingival Index and Bleeding on Probing, the results show that Eludril irrigation associated to scaling is lightly efficacious than Dakin cooper irrigation associated to scaling. And, the last one also is lightly efficacious than scaling alone. However, at the level of pocket depth, scaling alone has been also effective than scaling associated with subgingival irrigation.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Locais/administração & dosagem , Clorexidina/administração & dosagem , Raspagem Dentária , Periodontite/terapia , Hipoclorito de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Índice de Placa Dentária , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice Periodontal , Irrigação Terapêutica/métodosRESUMO
The pregnancy is a modified physiological state having consequences on the buccal sphere generally and on the periodontal tissues in particular. We proceeded to the periodontal exam of 133 pregnant women; in spite of a relatively acceptable hygiene, 73.7% of them present periodontal changes. These changes concern especially the superficial periodontal. We did not observe the presence of deep pockets periodontal. It emerges of our study that neither the period of pregnancy, nor the parity have influence in the importance of the periodontal hurts.
Assuntos
Cálculos Dentários , Doenças Periodontais , Complicações na Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Saúde Bucal , Higiene Bucal , Índice de Higiene Oral , Paridade , Índice Periodontal , Gravidez , Trimestres da GravidezRESUMO
The purpose of our study was to determine the customs of oral hygiene and the health periodontal of a population of pupils in Abidjan. We led a transverse inquiry on a sample of 1228 pupils. Our results showed that the pupils had bad habits of bucco-dental hygiene which is translated by a bad periodontal health. More than 80% of them presents deposits of tartar and 9.6% of the population have periodontal pockets.
Assuntos
Cálculos Dentários/epidemiologia , Bolsa Periodontal/epidemiologia , Escovação Dentária/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Criança , Côte d'Ivoire/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Índice Periodontal , PrevalênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There are few data concerning cancer incidence rates in contemporary West Africa. The first data from the cancer registry of Abidjan, the capital of Ivory Coast, for the period 1995-1997 are reported in the current study. METHODS: The cancer registry attempts to record data on all new cases of cancer diagnosed in the city of Abidjan, including cases without histologic confirmation of diagnosis. RESULTS: Two thousand eight hundred fifteen new cancer cases were registered in 3 years, corresponding to age-standardized (world population) incidence rates of 83.7 per 100,000 in men and 98. 6 per 100,000 in women. As reported elsewhere in West Africa, the principal cancers in men were liver cancer (15%) and prostate cancer (15.8%), with modest rates of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (10.5%) and gastric cancer (4.5%). In women, breast cancer was the most frequent tumor (25.7%), followed by cervical cancer (24.0%) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (7.3%). In contrast to other registry data from West Africa, Kaposi sarcoma occurs with moderate frequency (7.7% of cases reported in men and 2.1% in women). In the pediatric age group, relatively high incidence rates were found for Burkitt lymphoma. CONCLUSIONS: Although there most likely is some underascertainment of cases, so that the actual incidence rates may be underestimated, the cancer profile should be a fair reflection of the true situation. In addition to tumors that are well known to be common in sub-Saharan Africa, such as cancers of the liver and cervix, this urban population shows some features of "Westernization" of cancer patterns, in particular the relatively high rates of breast cancer and prostate cancer. The effects of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic are reflected in the moderate rates of Kaposi sarcoma reported.