The complete mitochondrial genome of Zaomma eriococci (hymenoptera: encyrtidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of the Zaomma eriococci (Ferrière, 1955) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was obtained through next-generation sequencing, making the first reported complete mitochondrial genome of the genus Zaomma. The mitochondrial genome is 15,648 bp in length and includes 37 classical eukaryotic mitochondrial genes along with an A + T rich region. All 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) initiate with typical ATN codons. Of these, 10 PCG genes terminate with TAA, while three terminate with TAG. Additionally, there are 22 tRNA genes, ranging in size from 62 to 70 bp. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 13 PCGs, indicates that Z. eriococci is closely related to Tassonia gloriae. This mitochondrial genome will serve as a valuable molecular resource for species identification, genetic analysis, and comparative genomic studies of Z. eriococci, contributing to the growing collection of mitochondrial genomes within the family Encyrtidae.

New Mitogenomes of the Polypedilum Generic Complex (Diptera: Chironomidae): Characterization and Phylogenetic Implications.

Mitochondrial genomics, as a useful marker for phylogenetics and systematics of organisms, are important for molecular biology studies. The phylogenetic relationships of the Polypedilum generic complex remains controversial, due to lack taxonomy and molecular information. In this study, we newly sequenced mitogenomes of 14 species of the Polypedilum generic complex. Coupled with three recently published sequences, we analyzed the nucleotide composition, sequence length, and evolutionary rate of this generic complex. The control region showed the highest AT content. The evolution rate of protein coding genes was as follows: ATP8 > ND6 > ND5 > ND3 > ND2 > ND4L > ND4 > COX1 > ND1 > CYTB > APT6 > COX2 > COX3. We reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among the genera within the Polypedilum generic complex based on 19 mitochondrial genomes (seventeen ingroups and two outgroups), using Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods for all databases. Phylogenetic analysis of 19 mitochondrial genomes demonstrated that the Endochironomus + Synendotendipes was sister to Phaenopsectra + Sergentia.

Key to Ooctonus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in China, with one new species and three new country records.

A new species of Ooctonus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), O. innermongolicus Aishan Hu sp. nov., is described from Inner Mongolia and Tibet, China. Eight other species of the genus, including the three new records O. hemipterus Haliday, O. lokomotiv Triapitsyn and O. spartak Triapitsyn, are also reported and illustrated. A key to females is provided for the 18 species of Ooctonus known from China.

Chinese Species of the Genus Pseudanaphes Noyes & Valentine (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) with Description of a New Species.

The fairyfly Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are widely distributed worldwide, but species of this family have rarely been collected and recorded from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In this study, mymarids collected in Tibet, China, are identified based on morphology and molecular data. Two species of the genus Pseudanaphes Noyes & Valentine are treated and illustrated here, including a known species, P. zhaoi Lin, and a new species, P. yadongicus Aishan & Cao sp. nov. In addition, a key to the world species of Pseudanaphes (females) and DNA barcodes for P. yadongicus and P. zhaoi are provided.

A review of the Chinese species of Lymaenon (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with description of six new species.

Twenty-two species of Lymaenon Walker (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from China are keyed; illustrations, taxonomic and other notes are also provided for some of these taxa. Six species are newly described: L. funiculus Aishan Hu sp. n., L. ledongus Aishan Hu sp. n., L. longitus Aishan Hu sp. n., L. naiquanlini Aishan Hu sp. n., L. radiculus Aishan Hu sp. n., and L. zhui Aishan Hu sp. n., all from the Oriental part of the country. Eleven species are newly recorded from China: L. bashai (Zeya), L. berijamus (Mani Saraswat), L. breviterebratus (Subba Rao), L. delhiensis Narayanan Subba Rao, L. katraps (Triapitsyn), L. kazak (Triapitsyn), L. krasavchik (Triapitsyn), L. longior (Soyka), L. narayani Subba Rao Kaur, L. sundus (Zeya Anwar), and L. tamilanus (Mani Saraswat).

Description of the male of Tanyxiphium harriet (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), with new distribution records and synonymy.

Tanyxiphium longissimum Huber, syn. n. (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is synonymized under T. harriet (Zeya) based on examination of specimens from Hainan Island and Yunnan Province in the Oriental part of China, Sulawesi Island in Indonesia, Peninsular Malaysia, and Thailand. These are new country distribution records except for Thailand. The previously unknown male of T. harriet is described from Sulawesi Island, and the female is redescribed and illustrated based on non-type material examined.

Review of Cosmocomoidea (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from China, with descriptions of two new species.

Seven species of Cosmocomoidea Howard (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from China are keyed and illustrated. The two new species are C. rugosa Aishan, Triapitsyn & Xu sp. n. (Guangdong and Yunnan) and C. tenuis Xu, Lin & Hu sp. n. (Fujian). Three species are newly recorded from China, C. atra (Foerster) s.l., C. kikimora (Triapitsyn), and C. oxypygus (Foerster).

Review of Tumidiclava Girault (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) from Xingjiang, China, with description of two new species and taxonomic notes on other Holarctic taxa.

Four species of Tumidiclava Girault are recorded from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. Two new species, T. buerjinica Triapitsyn & Aishan sp. nov. and T. tamariska Hu & Aishan sp. nov., are described; the former is also known from Turkmenistan and the latter from Israel. One Palaearctic species, T. subcaudata Nowicki, is newly recorded from China, and a key to females of the Chinese species is given. Taxonomic notes and illustrations are provided on these and also other described taxa of Tumidiclava from the Holarctic region, both sexes of which are keyed including the type species of the genus, T. pulchrinotum Girault (USA), whose male is newly described. Lectotypes are designated for Orthoneura bimaculata Blood & Kryger, 1928 and T. (Orthoneurella) minuscula Nowicki, 1940 and a neotype is designated for Orthoneura bimaculata Blood, 1923.