Tinea capitis (Favus) in a 8-year-old child: Case report.

Key Clinical Message: In examining any scalp itch or skin lesions, especially in children with long hair, fungal lesions under the hair may not be diagnosed in a timely manner. Additionally, fungal infection of the scalp, known as tinea capitis, is considered a chronic condition and if left untreated, it can lead to alopecia (hair loss) and permanent scarring. Abstract: Tinea capitis (TC) is a common cutaneous fungal infection in childhood. In this report, we describe the case of an 8-year-old child presenting with erythematous scalp lesions accompanied by hair loss. Upon examination, palpation revealed a swollen and tender left parotid gland. Notably, the frontal region of the scalp exhibited erythematous lesions and scaly red plaques resembling yellowish paste-like dough. Subsequent clinical evaluation and culture analysis confirmed the diagnosis of TC. The patient received treatment with Terbinafine 125 mg for a duration of 8 weeks. Follow-up examinations conducted after 3 months showed no signs of recurrence. Accurate diagnosis and timely treatment, along with adherence to medication regimens, are crucial in cases of TC, and differential diagnoses should be considered. Treatment should commence promptly upon diagnosis to prevent complications such as scalp baldness and transmission to others. This case report underscores the significance of establishing a precise diagnosis and effective treatment for this dermatophytosis to mitigate the risk of recurrences or therapeutic shortcomings, particularly in infants.

Effect of Non-nutritive Sucking during Heel-stick Procedure in Pain Management of Term Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of non-nutritive sucking for analgesia in term infants undergoing heel-stick procedures. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies based on the PICO framework were included in the study. Review articles, commentary, pilot, and non-English articles were excluded. Databases, such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane, were searched until January 31st, 2021, using the keywords "Pain management", 'Non-nutritive sucking", and "Heel stick". All studies were reviewed and retrieved by two authors independently using a standardized form according to the inclusion criteria, and any disagreements were examined by a third scholar. Quality assessment was evaluated by using the ROB-2 tool. Data were analyzed using Stata version 12.0 software, and a random-effects model was used for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 5,629 articles were retrieved from all databases, and after the screening, finally, 6 relevant articles were included in the analysis. The tools used to control pain in infants in the articles included PIPP, NFCS, NIPS, and NPASS. The results showed that the pain scores were significantly lower in the NNS group compared to the control group (MD, -1.05; 95% CI, -1.53 to -0.57) and NNS had a significant effect on oxygen saturation (O2 Sat) increasing in newborns compared to the control group, but no significant reduction in the heart rate (HR) between two groups was observed. CONCLUSION: NNS effectively provides analgesia in full-term neonates undergoing heel-stick procedures; however, its effects on the long-term outcomes of infants are unclear. The results showed that NNS was effective in improving heel-stick pain in infants.

Evaluation of the effect of narrative writing on the stress sources of the fathers of preterm neonates admitted to the NICU.

OBJECTIVE: Identification of the nurses and fathers' understanding of the stress sources facilitates nursing interventions and increases parental satisfaction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The quasi experimental study with pretest and posttest was administered to a sample size of 70 fathers with preterm neonates hospitalized in the NICUs of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences in 6 months. The Parental Stressor Scale (PSS) was used. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods. RESULTS: Evaluation of the differences in the domains showed that narrative writing had significant effects on all three domains. The results showed that the highest stress reduction was observed in parents' relationship followed by infant behavior and appearance while the lowest stress reduction was observed in the sights and sounds in the intervention group. CONCLUSION: Narrative writing may be considered an efficient supportive intervention to reduce the fathers' stress, infant behavior and appearance in the NICUs.

The effect of narrative writing on fathers' stress in neonatal intensive care settings.

Objective: This study was conducted to examine the effect of narrative writing on fathers' stress in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) during infants' hospitalization.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among two groups of fathers with preterm infants in the NICUs of two teaching hospitals of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. Pre- and post-tests were administered to a sample size of 70 during 6 months. The Parental Stressor Scale (PSS) was used. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods.Results: The mean total stress score was 74.05 ± 17.39 in the control and 80.11 ± 15.82 in the intervention group on the 3rd day, suggesting no significant difference. In other words, both groups had a similar stress level before the intervention (p-value = .13, t = 1.52). However, the mean total stress score was 85.45 ± 16.91 in the control group and 48.00 ± 10.49 in the intervention group on the 10th day, suggesting a significant reduction in the stress level in the intervention group following the intervention (p-value = .001, t = -11.01).Conclusion: According to the findings, the narrative writing may be considered as an efficient supportive intervention to reduce the fathers' stress in the NICUs. However, more research is needed to justify its implementation.

Comparison of the effect of narrative writing and art therapy on maternal stress in neonatal intensive care settings.

Objective: This study was conducted to examine the effect of narrative writing and art therapy on maternal stress in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) during infants' hospitalization.Material and Methods: randomized controlled clinical trial with three parallel arms study was conducted among three groups of mothers with preterm infants in the NICUs of two teaching hospitals of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. Pre- and post-tests were administered to a sample size of 105 during 9 months. The parental stressor scale (PSS) was used. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods.Results: The mean maternal stress score was 54.94, 47.08, and 47.57 in the art therapy, narrative writing, and control before the intervention respectively, indicating no significant difference between the groups (p = .28). There was also no significant difference in the mean score of stress between the groups after the intervention (p = .92). Also, we found no significant difference in the mean score of parental role and parents' relationship and sights and sounds between the three groups on the second day (p = .22 and p = .12, respectively) but there was a significant difference in the mean score of infant behavior and appearance between the three groups (p = .05). There was no significant difference in parental role and parents' relationship (p = .31), infant behavior and appearance (p = .58), and sights and sounds (p = .67) between the three groups on the sixth day of intervention.Conclusions: Narrative writing and art therapy are only effective on the subscale of infant behavior and appearance in the PSS: NICU.

Evaluation of the effect of narrative writing on the stress sources of the parents of preterm neonates admitted to the NICU.

OBJECTIVE: Identification of the nurses' and families' understanding of the stresses in the facilitates nursing interventions and increases parental satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The quasiexperimental study with pretest and posttest was administered to a sample size of 70 mothers with preterm neonates hospitalized in the NICUs of two teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical during 6 months. The Parental Stressor Scale (PSS) was used. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods. RESULTS: Evaluation of the differences in the domains of the questionnaire between the 3rd and 10th day of admission using a multivariate analysis showed that narrative writing had significant effects on all three domains (Roys' largest root = 2.141, F = 47.11, p values < 0.001). The results showed that the highest stress reduction was observed in Infant Behavior and Appearance (-11.847) followed by Sights and Sounds of the Unit (-11.352) while the lowest stress reduction was observed in the Parental Role Alterations (-6.149) in the intervention group, while the control mothers experienced a stress increase in all domains. CONCLUSION: According to the findings, narrative writing may be considered an efficient supportive intervention to reduce the maternal stress Infant behavior and appearance in the NICUs. However, more research is needed to justify its implementation.

The effect of narrative writing of mothers on their satisfaction with care in the neonatal intensive care unit.

AIM: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of narrative writing on the satisfaction of the mothers with care in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during their neonates' hospitalization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest were administered to a sample size of 70 mothers with preterm neonates. The Neonatal Index of Parental Satisfaction questionnaire was used. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The satisfaction level of the mothers was 113.1 ± 17.5 on the 3rd day and 102.3 ± 25.6 on the 10th day of the study in the control group. Paired t-test (p values < 0.011) in the control group showed a significant difference in the satisfaction level of the mothers. In the intervention group, the satisfaction level of the mothers was 107.5 ± 21.5 on the 3rd day and 137 ± 15.2 on the 10th day of the study. Paired t-test (p values < 0.001) showed a significant difference in the satisfaction level of the mothers between the 3rd and 10th day of the study. The results of independent t-test showed a significant difference in satisfaction between the intervention and control groups on the 10th day of the study (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We suggest that narrative writing may be considered as an efficient supportive intervention to increase the mothers' satisfaction in the NICUs.

The Effect of Aromatherapy on Anxiety in Patients.

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is the most common mental disorder in end-stage renal disease patients. The use of aromatherapy as a treatment for anxiety has increased substantially in most countries. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effect of inhaling rose water aromatherapy on anxiety in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: This randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in the hemodialysis ward of Birjand Vali-Asr hospital on 46 patients who were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The standard state-trait anxiety inventory of Spielberger was used to investigate the anxiety level of the samples. The experimental group inhaled rose water for 4 weeks, but the control group did not undergo any intervention. At the end of week 2 and week 4, the participants' anxiety was measured, and the results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Mean scores of state and trait anxiety in the experimental group before intervention were 47/47 ± 7/6 and 49/56 ± 13/8, respectively; those after week 4 following the intervention were reduced to 37/1 ± 6/5 and 42/9 ± 10/1; inhalation of rose water fragrance in the experimental group caused a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in the state and trait anxiety levels compared with controls (P = 0.43). CONCLUSIONS: According to the present study, rose water noticeably reduces the anxiety of hemodialysis patients. Therefore, inhalation of rose water can improve the patient's emotional and spiritual condition during hemodialysis treatment.

The effect of narrative writing on maternal stress in neonatal intensive care settings.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to examine the effect of narrative writing on maternal stress in the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) during infants' hospitalization. METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 2 groups of mothers with preterm infants in the NICUs of two teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Pre- and post-tests were administered to a sample size of 70 during 6 months. The Parental Stressor Scale (PSS) was used. The data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical methods. RESULTS: The mean stress level in the control group was 73.9 ± 16.7 at the beginning of the study, and 82.5 ± 19.5 at the end of the study (on the 10th day). Paired t-test results in the control group showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the 3rd and the 10th day of the hospitalization (p < 0.001). In the intervention group, the mean stress level at the beginning of the study and on the 10th day of the hospitalization was 78.9 ± 16 and 48.8 ± 14.1, respectively (p < 0.001). The results revealed statistically significant difference between the 2 groups on the 10th day of the study (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: According to the findings, the narrative writing may be considered as an efficient supportive intervention to reduce the maternal stress in the NICUs. However, more research is needed to justify its implementation.