[A role of neurosteroids in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders]. / Rol' neirosteroidov v patogeneze psikhicheskikh rasstroistv.

Despite the proven importance of neurosteroids in many physiological processes, their role in the pathogenesis of the most of psychiatric disorders remains relatively understudied. This article reviews the current clinical evidence on the effects of neurosteroids on the formation and treatment of anxiety disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. In particular, the article points out the ambivalent nature of the effects of neurosteroids on GABAA- and other receptors. We are especially interested in the anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects of some neurosteroids, the antidepressant effect of allopregnanolone in treating postpartum and other forms of depression, and the nature of short- and long-term mechanisms of antidepressant effects of neurosteroids of different types. The currently unproven hypothesis about the effect of changes in the level of neurosteroids on the course of bipolar disorder is also discussed, with an analysis of the scientific evidence on the development of schizophrenic symptomatology in relation to changing neurosteroid levels in the context of positive and cognitive symptoms.

[Modern concepts of pathogenetic therapy of anxiety disorders]. / Sovremennye predstavleniia o patogeneticheskoi terapii trevozhnykh rasstroistv.

The high prevalence of anxiety disorders around the world leads to a high interest in the study of anxiety. At the moment, a lot of knowledge about the pathogenesis and therapy of anxiety disorders has been accumulated, which is well covered in modern domestic and world medical literature. It is known that many areas of the brain are involved in the modulation of anxiety, among which the amygdala is considered the key in the modulation of anxiety and fear. A large body of evidence supports the involvement of different neurotransmitter systems in the processes of anxiogenesis-anxiolysis (GABA, monoamines, glutamate, neuropeptides, neurosteroids). This article provides an analysis of methods of pharmacological impact on each of these systems, which serve to optimize the already known strategies of anxiolytic therapy.

[Identification and evaluation of the neuroleptic activity of phenotropil].

The neuroleptic (antipsychotic) activity of phenotropil was studied in an experimental animal model. Phenotropil had a marked neuroleptic activity in models of positive (apomorphine-induced verticalization test) and negative (5-HTP-induced hyperkinesis test) symptoms of psychoses as well as in the m-cholinergic pathway hyperactivation (arecoline-induced tremor test). The compound markedly antagonized haloperidol catalepsy. Used in a single dose or as a course treatment, phenotropil did not provoke aggression nor intensify it. In contrast to typical and atypical antipsychotics, phenotropil had no sedative action and other adverse effects. It exhibited a positive effect on exploratory behavior and motor activity, had anxiolytic and antidepressant action.

[The study of therapeutic efficacy of two forms of risperidone--rileptid and rispolept in patients with schizophrenia].

Generic drugs represent a big part of the Russian pharmaceutical market, a number of registered copies of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies being estimated as several tens of drugs that does not mean their equally high quality and complete interchangeability. A choice of optimal price-to-quality ratio of a drug among a great number of analogues is possible only with taking into account a number of factors related to a manufacturer, a drug and a patient. The most important index of interchangeability of generic drugs is their therapeutic equivalence to the original one. A study aimed to compare the therapeutic equivalence of two preparations of risperidone--original rispolept and generic rileptid--has been carried out. The comparison of efficacy and tolerability of the therapy has not revealed differences both in any of the parameters and in any stages of the study. In conclusion, the full therapeutic equivalence of generic drug rileptid to original rispolept is revealed.