Effect of Supplementation of Oral Zinc on Serum Lipid Profile Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most widespread endocrine disorders that have effects on lipid metabolism. Supplementation of oral zinc may improve the abnormalities of lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To evaluate the effects of oral supplementation of zinc on serum lipid profile levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College (DMC), Bangladesh from January 2016 to December 2016. After fulfilling the ethical aspect, during the study a total number of 51 diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients of both sexes were selected with age ranging from 40 to 55 years. Among them, 26 type 2 diabetic patients with supplementation of oral zinc (40mg/day) for 12 weeks were considered as study group (Group B). Another 25 age matched type 2 diabetic patients without supplementation of oral zinc were considered as control group (Group A) for comparison. The subjects were selected from Outpatient Department of Endocrinology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka and personal contacts from Dhaka city on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Serum lipid profile levels were estimated by enzymatic endpoint method in auto-analyzer. The study parameters were measured 2 times in all subjects of control and study groups i.e. at the beginning of study (base line) and after 12 weeks of study period. For statistical analysis, paired Student's 't' test and unpaired Student's 't' test were performed as applicable using SPSS for windows version 22.0 In this study, serum TC, TG and LDL levels were significantly decreased (p<0.001) and serum HDL level was significantly increased (p<0.001) in diabetic patients after supplementation with oral zinc in comparison to that of their baseline value. Again, after 12 weeks, serum TC, TG, LDL levels were significantly lower (p<0.05) and HDL (p<0.05) level was significantly higher in diabetic patients supplemented with oral zinc in comparison to that of diabetic control group. In control group, there was no significant change in serum TC, TG, HDL and LDL levels between baseline and after 12 weeks of follow-up. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that oral zinc may improve serum TG and TC levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and may be helpful to minimize the complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Assessment of Primary Hemostasis by Platelet Function Analyzer-100 and its Relation with TSH and FT4 Levels in Newly Diagnosed Overt and Subclinical Hypothyroid Patients.

Various abnormalities of coagulation such as primary hemostasis, secondary hemostasis and fibrinolysis have been reported in patients with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism. Platelets are major elements of primary hemostasis and endothelial repair. Platelet size, shape and number are the determinant of platelet function. The objective of this study was to assess primary hemostasis by PFA-100 (Platelet Function Analyzer-100) and its relation with TSH and FT4 levels in newly diagnosed overt and subclinical hypothyroid patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Bangladesh from January 2016 to December 2016. Twenty overt and 20 subclinical hypothyroid patients with age ranging from 18 to 55 years were selected as study group and twenty age and sex matched healthy subjects were considered as control group. Patients were selected from Outpatients Department of Endocrinology and Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka on the basis of exclusion and inclusion criteria. For assessment of primary hemostasis, PFA-100 was analyzed by SIEMENS-INNOVANCE-PFA-200. For statistical analysis Unpaired Student's 't' test, Chi square test and Pearson's correlation co-efficient (r) test were performed. PFA-100 was significantly higher (p<0.001) in overt and subclinical hypothyroid patients as compared to healthy adult subjects. In overt and subclinical hypothyroidism using PFA-100, we found that the existence of a hypocoagulable state is due to a defect in primary hemostasis. Moreover, PFA-100 may replace the in-vivo bleeding time as a screening test for primary hemostasis in routine clinical practice.

Serum Copper Level and Its Relation with Blood Pressure and Urinary Protein Level in Preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia is a multifactorial disease of unknown etiology and is associated with oxidative stress. Some studies observed that alteration of essential trace element may contribute to the development of preeclampsia. The aim of the study was to assess the serum copper (Cu) level and its relation with blood pressure and urinary protein level in preeclampsia. This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2017. Thirty subjects with preeclampsia age ranging from 18 to 40 years were considered as the study group and 30 aged matched healthy pregnant women were considered as control group for comparison. The subjects were selected from Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Dhaka Medical College hospital, Dhaka. Serum copper (Cu) level was estimated in the Department of Soil, Water and Environment of University of Dhaka. For statistical analysis, unpaired Students "t" test and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) test were performed. In this study serum Copper level was significantly (p<0.001) higher in preeclampsia patients as compared to controls. Serum copper level showed positive correlations with systolic & diastolic blood pressure and urinary protein level. This study concluded that serum copper level increases and is positively related with blood pressure and urinary protein level. Therefore, estimation of serum copper level in early pregnancy might be useful for prediction of future risk of developing preeclampsia.

Association of Hypertension with Serum Estrogen Level in Postmenopausal Women.

Hypertension is a chronic and debilitating disease. Its complications give rise to cardiovascular diseases, stroke in Postmenopausal women. Estrogen deficiency that develops during menopause is likely the etiological factor for development of hypertension in postmenopausal women. Increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women may be due to hypertension caused by lower level of estrogen hormone. The study was carried out to observe the association of hypertension with serum estrogen level in postmenopausal women. This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, during the period of January 2011 to December 2011. A total number of 90 female subjects were selected from different areas of Dhaka city. Among them, 60 postmenopausal women with age ranging from 50 to 60 years were taken as study group and 30 apparently healthy premenopausal women with age ranging from 20 to 30 years were included as control group for comparison. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were recorded in both groups. Serum estrogen level was estimated in order to assess the hormonal level of both groups. Data was analyzed by Unpaired Student's 't' test and Pearson's co-efficient (r) test as applicable. The value of systolic blood pressure was higher in postmenopausal women than those of premenopausal women and result was statistically significant. The level of diastolic blood pressure was also significantly (p<0.001) higher in postmenopausal women in comparison to those of premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women serum estrogen level was lower than premenopausal women and serum estrogen level showed negative correlation with systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. All these correlation were statistically non significant. Present study revealed that there is association of hypertension with serum estrogen level in postmenopausal women.