A review on recent studies utilizing artificial intelligence methods for solving routing challenges in wireless sensor networks.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becoming increasingly important, providing pervasive real-time applications that have been used to enhance smart environments in various fields such as smart cities, manufacturing, and the Internet of Things (IoT). This survey reviews and analyzes the research trends related to the utilized Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods for WSN and the potential enhancement of WSNs using these methods. We highlight the routing challenge in WSN and present a comprehensive discussion on the recent studies that utilized various AI methods in addressing the routing challenge to meet specific objectives of WSN, during the span of 2010 to 2020. This would guide the reader towards an understanding of up-to-date applications of AI methods with respect to routing challenge in WSN. In addition, a general evaluation is provided along with a comparison of utilized AI methods in WSNs, which guides the reader in identifying the most appropriate AI methods that can be utilized for solving the routing challenge. Finally, we conclude the paper by stating the open research issues and new directions for future research.

Breast desmoid tumor management in France: toward a new strategy.

PURPOSE: Desmoid tumors (DTs) are rare tumors that originate from myofibroblastic tissue. Recently, initial wait and see was recommended (ESMO guidelines Ann Oncol 2017) in the most frequent locations. This study investigates the outcome of breast desmoid tumor (BDT) according to the initial strategy. METHOD: Data from all consecutive patients treated from a BDT in four referral centers were collected. Only intra-mammary desmoid tumors were included. A pathological review and a molecular analysis (CTNNB1 gene mutation) were performed (National re-reading network of sarcomas-RRePS). Patients were grouped according to initial strategy: surgery group (SG) and active surveillance group (ASG). RESULTS: A total of 63 patients (61 women, 2 men) met the inclusion criteria. Median age was 50 years (16-86). CTNNB1 mutation was found in 61% (n = 36). SG included 46 patients (73%) (41 partial mastectomies, 2 mastectomies, and 3 mastectomies associated to parietectomies). Surgical margins were positive in 15 patients (33.3%). Median follow-up of SG was 24.9 (0.5-209) months; and 4 patients (8.7%) developed recurrence. ASG included 17 patients (27%). Their median follow-up was 42.2 (0-214) months, and 15 patients (88.2%) did not require any additional treatment. Six patients (35%) had a spontaneous regression, 9 patients (52%) were stable, and 2 patients presented a significant progression that was treated by partial mastectomy. CONCLUSION: This study supports an initial nonsurgical approach to BDTs followed by surgery based on tumor growth in select cases, which is consistent with current ESMO recommendations.

Rapidly growing breast desmoid tumor with intra-thoracic involvement after reconstructive surgery for breast cancer.

Desmoid tumors are very rare soft tissue neoplasia that are slow growing and locally aggressive. They grow anywhere in the body and are rarely develop in the breast . Histopathologic examination confirms diagnosis. Recurrence rate is very high even after complete resection. We report the management of a rare case of rapidly growing breast desmoid with intra-thoracic involvement causing cardiac compression.

Improving the accuracy of electronic prescribing in West Bay Health Center in Qatar.

Primary healthcare in Qatar uses electronic prescribing to reduce the risk of medication errors. Electronic prescribing is supported by computerized Physician Order Entry systems through Cerner (electronic medical record system). There are still prescription errors, despite electronic prescribing being in place for one year at West Bay Health Center. West Bay Health Center is a famous primary healthcare center in Qatar. It is a training center for the family medicine residency program, which is accredited by the accreditation council of general medical education international (ACGME-I). It serves a population of about 98,000 in Qatar with 35 physicians and 12 pharmacists. The aim of this project was to decrease medication errors by 30% from baseline measurement (according to type of error) from October 2015 to March 2016. It was found that there was a discrepancy between the pharmacy medication list and the list within Cerner. A master drug index was created to eliminate the discrepancy. Training on the use of this index was provided through lectures and one to one education, with material also sent through email. We found that there was some resistance from the physician side and therefore introduced a second intervention. We sent out a survey to find out more about these difficulties and provided more training and education. Our results showed an decrease in the proportion of wrong dose errors from 11.8% to 10.6%, wrong name from 6.9% to 6.2%, wrong duration from 11.7% to 10.3%, and non-formulary drug errors from 2.6% to 1.6%.

The efficacy and safety of natural honey on the healing of foot ulcers: a case series.

UNLABELLED: This clinical observation investigated the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and acceptability of natural honey on the healing of a variety of chronic foot ulcers at the primary care level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 12 patients with foot ulcers utilizing natural honey as an effective alternative to more expensive, advanced wound products were followed. Cases were referred to Umgwailinah Primary Health Care Center, Doha, Qatar from different health centers and from Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar. There were also self-referred cases. After rinsing the site with normal saline, natural honey was applied and the wound was covered by glycerin-impregnated gauze (Adaptic Non-Adhering Dressing, Systagenix, San Antonio, TX) to prevent the absorption of honey into the cotton gauze and away from the wound site. Patients were followed on a daily basis for an average of 4 weeks. RESULTS: All ulcers healed with no contractures or scars with a mean healing time of 3 weeks. There was a 75% reduction in the dressing budget of the health center and a high level of satisfaction among both health professionals and patients. Patients' pain levels were reduced significantly after using natural honey, as evidenced by the use of the Visual Analog Scale. CONCLUSION: The use of natural honey in the management of chronic foot ulcers proved to be efficacious, cost-effective, and acceptable by both clinicians and patients.

Improving physician's adherence to completing vaccination schedules for patients with type 2 diabetes attending non-communicable diseases clinics in West Bay Health Center, Qatar.

Incomplete vaccination for patients with type 2 diabetes attending non-communicable diseases (NCD) clinics is an issue that could affect patient's health and wellness negatively and puts patients at high risk of serious diseases. We aimed to improve physicians adherence to complete vaccination schedule for patients with type 2 diabetes attending NCD clinics in west bay health center according to American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendation by 25% by January 2015. In the pre-intervention phase: the quality improvement team designed a checklist to collect the percentage of physician's adherence of prescription of the recommended vaccination for patients with type 2 diabetes. The percentage of complete vaccination in patients with diabetes attending NCD clinic in West Bay Health Center was 20% . In the intervention phase the intervention was in the form of: the creation a vaccination form and attached to the (NCD) progress note; to distribute and remind the physicians about the ADA guidelines vaccination recommendations; a summary of the vaccination schedule developed and attached to (NCD) form; development of vaccination reminder posters and posters in the waiting area, nurse station, and physician clinics and education and orientation sessions for NCD clinic staff. In the post-intervention phase the average percentage of complete vaccination in patients with diabetes attending NCD clinic in West Bay Health Center increased to 69%.

Improving documentation of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with diabetes attending non communicable disease clinics at West Bay Health Center in Qatar.

The documentation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in medical records of patients with type 2 diabetes attending non communicable disease (NCD) clinics at West Bay Health Center in Qatar is less than ideal. Poor documentation of CVD will lead to poor preventive and management plans, with negative consequences for patients. Our aim is to improve this documentation of cardiovascular disease risk from 13% to 70% through the use of the WHO CVD risk prediction charts, which ran from September 2014 to January 2015. An intervention in the form of an education session was run on 13th November 2014 for nurses that run the NCD clinic, covering the new NCD format (including the location of risk documentation, the method used for calculation the CVD, and mandatory documentation of CVD scores). A group discussion was also held with a physician for revising the CVD risk that was documented by nurses. Posters were placed in the NCD nurse station and clinics to remind them about CVD calculation and documentation. The average percentage of complete CVD risk documentation for patients with diabetes was 7%, increasing to 59% after the intervention. Overall, our intervention improved the documentation of CVD by 52%.