Fathers' involvement in raising children with intellectual disabilities: Mothers' ratings of the contribution of their spouses.

BACKGROUND: Intellectual disability (ID) is a lifelong condition characterized by individuals' inability to perform cognitive tasks and participate in daily living activities. While parenting children with ID has been reported to be demanding, studies draw mainly on mothers. In contexts such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE), there is little literature on fathers' involvement in raising children with IDs. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore, from the perspectives of mothers, the extent of fathers' involvement in raising children with ID in the UAE. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-eight (N = 158) mothers with children with ID completed the fathers' involvement in disability and rehabilitation scale. Mothers who had enrolled their children with ID in special schools or receiving services at rehabilitation centres were invited to participate in this study. The data were subjected to the following analyses: mean computation, multivariate analysis of variance, hierarchical regression, and moderation analysis. RESULTS: The results showed high fatherly support, participation in training, and contribution to the development of their children with ID. However, the mothers' ratings showed the fathers' ambivalence toward parenting children with ID. A relationship was found between attitude and support, as well as marital status and the educational level of mothers, providing insight into the involvement of fathers. CONCLUSION: The study recommends training programs aimed at improving the attitudes of fathers toward raising children with ID and other study implications.

Mothers' evaluations of fathers' contributions to raising children with autism spectrum disorder in the United Arab Emirates.

BACKGROUND: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurological condition which results in social skill deficits, communication difficulties, and restrictive and repetitive behaviour. The difficulties associated with parenting children with ASD have been studied extensively, mainly from the perspectives of mothers. The extent of involvement of fathers in the raising of children with ASD has received limited scholarly attention, especially in non-Western contexts such as the United Arab Emirates. OBJECTIVES: This study asked mothers to evaluate the involvement of fathers in the development of children with ASD. METHODS: In all, 240 mothers completed the Fathers' Involvement in Development and Rehabilitation Scale, designed based on a review of literature on the construct of involvement, namely attitude, participation in training, and support domains. The data were subjected to computation of mean scores, multivariate analysis of variance, hierarchical regression, and moderation analyses. RESULTS: The results suggested that fathers held positive attitudes and provided substantial support to their children with ASD. However, mothers were ambivalent regarding the participation of fathers in training to support the development of their children. Differences were also observed between participants according to marital status, location, child gender, and ASD severity. CONCLUSION: Recommendations for targeted training for fathers and other study implications are discussed.