Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Schneiderian Membrane Thickness.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the measurements and classification of Schneider membrane thickness correlated to age and sex factors using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: The study included CBCT images for 100 maxillary sinuses of 50 consecutive patients, and the thickness of the maxillary sinus membrane (Schneiderian membrane) was measured in coronal view from the lowest point in the floor of the maxillary sinus to the highest point. The thickness of the Schneiderian membrane was classified into 4 types. RESULTS: The study result revealed that out of the total cases, 45% of sinus membranes were classified as type 2, while only 10% were classified as type 4. The most frequent type of membrane thickness diagnosed in the age group 20 to 30 as type 1, whereas in age groups 31 to 40 and 41 to 50, regarding sex, type 4 was more obvious in males with membrane thickening >6 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement and classification of sinus membrane thickness can be performed accurately with CBCT, and it is affected by age and sex factors.

Presurgical Assessment of Anatomical Landmark Position Using Two Views of Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Comparative Radiological Study.

BACKGROUND: Cone beam computerized computed tomography (CBCT) has been widely indicated in dental implant procedure. The first step that the doctors should perform in local hospitals is to use orthopantomography for surgical planning to avoid and limit the risk of complications. As a result, determining the magnification amount of orthopantomography to achieve a precise diagnosis is clinically important. This study investigated the difference in measurement of the mental foramen (MF) position before dental surgery using 2 views of CBCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cone beam computed tomography scan was performed for 100 patients who required implant placement. In the panoramic and three-dimensional views of CBCT, the vertical distance between the margin of the mandible and the lower border of MF, and the horizontal distance between the mandibular symphysis and the mesial anterior border of MF were calculated. The differences between the 2 views were compared using Wilcoxon-rank U test with P value ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The findings of this study showed a substantial statistical difference in the horizontal distance for the dentate patients in panoramic and three-dimensional views (22.7 ±â€Š3.04 versus 21.1 ±â€Š1.6), (22.5 ±â€Š2.4 versus 20.9 ±â€Š1.5) and left side (22.4 ±â€Š2.8 versus 21.2 ±â€Š1.6), (22.4 ±â€Š2.8 versus 20.6 ±â€Š1.4) of both genders. Concerning the vertical distance, a significant difference was also observed in the dentate (12.1 ±â€Š2.1 versus 11.1 ±â€Š1.4), (10.6 ±â€Š1.4 versus 9.6 ±â€Š1.3) and left side of the jaw (11.6 ±â€Š1.95 versus 10.9 ±â€Š1.2), (10.5 ±â€Š1.2 versus 9.96 ±â€Š1.4) for both genders in both views. In the edentulous and right side of the jaw, however no statistical difference was observed between male and female patients in terms of horizontal and vertical measurements.

Morphometric Analysis of the Mental Foramen Variation in an Iraqi Population by Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

ABSTRACT: The effects of gender, side, and ridge condition on the position of the mental foramen (MF) were investigated in this research. A total of 122 cone-beam computed tomography scans were chosen from healthy patients with age ranging from 18 to 72 years. The following parameters were used to evaluate images: MS-MF (horizontal distance to the mandibular symphysis from the anterior MF limit) and MB-MF (vertical measurement of distance from the inferior boundary of the mandible to the lower border of the MF). The mean distance between the MF and mandibular symphysis was 20.98 ±â€Š1.95. The average measurement between the MF and the mandible's lower boundary was 10.36 ±â€Š1.63. The horizontal distance was slightly different between males and females (21.5 ±â€Š1.59 and 20.6 ±â€Š1.6, respectively). In terms of gender and ridge condition, a significant difference in vertical distance (10.97 ±â€Š1.14 versus 9.9 ±â€Š1.24 and 10.13 ±â€Š1.5 versus 10.55 ±â€Š1.07, respectively) was observed. By contrast, in vertical and horizontal distances, significant differences were noted between edentulous men and women. Meanwhile, a significant difference between dentate male and female patients was found at vertical distances only. In conclusion, in both vertical and horizontal measurements, the location of the MF was higher in males than in females and edentulous more than dentate.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of the Morphological Variation and Width in Mandibular Condyle.

PURPOSE: Classify the normal morphology of mandibular condyle to facilitate the diagnosis of any pathology or abnormal conditions associated with it using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 100 joints of 50 subjects with age range of 20 to 50 years were examined prospectively using CBCT images. The mandibular condylar morphology was classified into convex, round, flat, and angled the widest area of the condylar head measured to evaluate the size variation in different age groups for both genders and side. RESULTS: Round shape condyle is more frequent than other varieties and angled shape was the less frequent shape. There was no significant difference between gender and condyle shape but the round and angled shape were more obvious in females than males. Convex type was more prevalent to shown bilateral symmetrical shape than other varieties, the condylar head mean of width measuring was 14.85 mm in age group 20 to 29 comparable to 14.45 mm and 14.42 mm in age groups 30 to 39 and 40 to 50 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: CBCT facilitates the precise examination of TMJ in 3 planes that play a great role in an accurate visualization of the condyle to provide early diagnosis for any disorder in the region.

Radiographic Assessment of Nasopalatine Canal Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

PURPOSE: To assess the morphology of nasopalatine canal and to determine the variation of this canal in correlations to age and gender in Iraqi sample using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 200 requested CBCT images for nasopalatine canal evaluation before dental implantology at the anterior maxillary region. The morphology of canals was classified into 3 groups in coronal cross-sections. The effects of age and gender were also measured. RESULTS: The study comprised 100 males and 100 females with mean age of 30.64 ±â€Š9.46 years. Most of the cases showed Y-shape configuration type III 43.5% followed by type I single canal 35.5%, and type II with 2 parallel canals 21%, CONCLUSION:: Due to the wide variation in the morphology of nasopalatine canals, it is highly recommended to perform CBCT evaluation to the anterior maxilla before dental implantology in order to prevent any damage to the neurovascular bundle.

Vascular Precautions Before Sinus Lift Procedure.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the benefit of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and how to minimize injury to the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) before sinus lift procedure. Cone beam computed tomography scans of 30 maxillary sinuses (15 patients) assessed to determine the location of PSAA presinus lift procedure. The data collected were used to extend the existed literature. The most common location of the PSAA was intraosseous (66.7%), the subantral distance mean was 5 ±â€Š1 mm, and the mean distance of PSAA from the crest was 15 ±â€Š1.6 mm. Cone beam computed tomography is valuable before the sinus lift procedure to exclude the presence of any lesion and to detect the location of the PSAA. The study recommends not to extend the upper border of the window beyond 16 mm from the residual crest during the lateral sinus approach.