Culturally influenced performance on tasks of line bisection and symbol cancellation in Arabs.

The objective of this study was to administer line bisection (LB) and symbol cancellation (SC) tasks on a sample of healthy Arabs in Saudi Arabia, to determine if normative performance would differ from that of the Western population. A total of 136 healthy individuals were enrolled. Deviation direction from the veridical center and percentage deviation scores (PDS) were determined for LB. The overall performance on SC was calculated. Differences according to gender, education and age were measured. Out of the 2,287 times lines were bisected, 1025 (44.82%) deviated rightward (p < 0.0001). Mean (SD) PDS showed a rightward bias 1.57(3.4), (p < 0.0001). Rightward deviation odds modestly increased with age (OR 1.04, P 0.038). In SC, 63% started searching from the left and 67.5% used a horizontal strategy. The mean (SD) performance score was 0.468 (0.248) with no significant cancellation asymmetry. Female gender, education, and age significantly associated with performance. No correlation was found between the two tasks (p = 0.09). Line bisection error biases in Arabs are opposite of Western biases. Scanning for symbols started on the left side; however, this was smaller than that seen in existing Western reports. Normative performances are different from Western studies, but similarly influenced by the same demographic variables.

The Role of Demographic and Symbolic Features in Clinical Arabic Graphesthesia Testing.

OBJECTIVE: Graphesthesia is the ability to identify a symbol traced on the skin. Agraphesthesia is the impairment in this ability and is encountered in various disorders of the somatosensory pathways. We aimed to describe the demographic and symbolic features that influence correct recognition of Arabic graphesthesia stimuli in healthy Arabic individuals. METHODS: Participants were community dwelling healthy Arabian individuals of 18 years of age or older. Demographic information collected included age, gender, years of education, and hand dominance. Assessment was conducted using a list of 15 symbols drawn in a single stroke while the hands were obscured from vision. Symbols were current letters and numbers from Arabic script. Each participant was exposed to 60 attempts in total in a random order and correct responses were counted. RESULTS: A total of 126 male and female participants were included. On average, men scored less than women (p < 0.0001), older subjects scored less than those below 30 years of age (p = 0.03), and higher years of education resulted in higher scores (p = 0.047) while handedness did not significantly associate with performance. More correct responses were seen for numerical symbols than letters (p < 0.0001). Symbols with unique script were more likely to be correctly identified. CONCLUSIONS: Number and letter symbols traced on the palm are identified with varying levels of accuracy when conducted according to our method. Female gender, younger age, and higher education are associated with higher scores. Among the many potential symbolic properties that contribute to recognition, a numeric symbol with a unique script is most likely to be correctly identified.