RESUMO
Three new species of Neoechinorhynchus are described from freshwater fish of Tigris River, at Salah Al-Din province, mid Iraq, namely Neoechinorhynchus tigrisensis n. sp. from Shilik Leuciscus vorax (Heckel) and Brond-snout Chondrostoma regium (Heckel), N. planilizai n. sp. from Abu mullet Planiliza abu (Heckel) and Tigris catfish Silurus triostegus (Heckel) and N. barbi n. sp. from Mesopotamian barb Capoeta damascina (Valenciennes). The first two new species shared the para-receptacle structure (PRS) with seven nominal valid species of the genus Neoechinorhynchus but they differed in other taxonomic traits, while the third new species shared the vaginal vestibular muscles (para vaginal patch) at the end of female trunk with N. spiramuscularis Amin, Heckmann & Ha, 2014 and N. zabensis Amin, Abdullah & Mhaisen, 2003 but differed for further morphological features. Proboscis hooks of middle and posterior circles in N. barbi n. sp. are remarkably bigger than in the other two new species (N. tigrisensis and N. planilizai) while the hooks in first circle is almost similar in the three species. Furthermore, N. tigrisensis n. sp. and N. planilizai n. sp. differ from some marine species by having smallest hooks size at anterior circle, with different shape and size of hooks. The three new species reported in the present study are compared with other eight species of Neoechinorhynchus reported so far from fish in Iraq. This work contributes to increase the knowledge on the biodiversity of fish parasites all over the world, especially for acanthocephalans.
Assuntos
Acantocéfalos , Cyprinidae , Doenças dos Peixes , Helmintíase Animal , Animais , Feminino , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Água Doce , Helmintíase Animal/parasitologia , Iraque , Rios , Especificidade da Espécie , ÁguaRESUMO
In this report, 224 unrelated healthy Iraqi Arabs (102 males and 122 females) were genotyped for 22 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) belong to 13 cytokine genes (IL1A, IL1B, IL1RA, IL1R, IL2, IL4, IL4R, IL6, IL10, IL12, IFNG, TNFA and TGFB1). The method of detection was PCR-SSP (polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer). The data were presented in terms of allele and genotype frequencies. Two-locus haplotype frequencies were also estimated for some SNPs. Genotype frequencies of detected cytokine gene polymorphisms are available in the Database of Allele Frequencies Net under the AFND number 3422 and the population name "Iraq Arab Cytokine".
Assuntos
Árabes , Citocinas/genética , Genótipo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Haplótipos , Humanos , Lactente , Iraque , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Larvae (metacercariae) in some species of Diplostomidae (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) inhabit fish eyes and are difficult to identify to species based on morphology. DNA barcoding has clarified the diversity and life cycles of diplostomids in North America, Europe and Africa, but has seldom been used in parasites sampled in large numbers or at large spatial scales. Here, distance-based analysis of cytochrome c oxidase 1 barcodes and, in some specimens, internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1, 5.8S, ITS-2) sequences was performed for over 2000 diplostomids from Africa, the Middle East, Europe, Asia and the Americas. Fifty-two species of Diplostomum, Tylodelphys and Austrodiplostomum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) were distinguished. The 52 species comprise 12 identified species, six species in two species complexes and 34 putative species, and 33/52 had been delineated in previous studies. Most (23/40) of the unidentified, putative species distinguished by cytochrome c oxidase 1 distances were supported by at least one additional line of evidence. As the intensity of sampling of the 52 species increased, variation in cytochrome c oxidase 1 decreased between and increased within species, while the spatial scale at which species were sampled had no effect. Nonetheless, variation between species always exceeded variation within species. New life-cycle linkages, geographic and host records, and genetic data were recorded in several species, including Tylodelphys jenynsiae, Tylodelphys immer and Diplostomum ardeae. Species of Diplostomum inhabiting the lens are less host-specific and less numerous than those infecting other tissues, suggesting that reduced immune activity in the lens has influenced rates of speciation.
Assuntos
Código de Barras de DNA Taxonômico/métodos , Oftalmopatias/veterinária , Doenças dos Peixes/parasitologia , Trematódeos/genética , Animais , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , Oftalmopatias/parasitologia , Água Doce/parasitologia , Variação Genética , Larva , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Especificidade da Espécie , Trematódeos/classificação , Trematódeos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Abstract: A new species of lamproglenine copepods, Pseudolamproglena boxshalli sp. n., is described from gills of the cyprinid fish Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel from the Tigris River in Tikreet, north of Baghdad, Iraq. This is the second species of Pseudolamproglena from Iraq and the fourth in the world. It differs from its three congeners mainly in the armature ofantennule, maxilla, maxilliped, legs 1-4 and caudal ramus.