Comparison of surface micro-roughness and adaptation of titanium and cobalt chrome implant abutment fabricated by selective laser melting and conventional techniques.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess the surface micro-roughness and abutment adaptation of selective laser melting (SLM) implant abutments in comparison to cast and machined implant abutments. METHODS: Forty abutment specimens were divided equally into four groups according to the fabrication technique as follows (n = 10), Machined Ti alloy abutments (Control), Cast CoCr abutments, SLM-CoCr abutments, and SLM-Ti alloy abutments. Forty internal connection implants (Ø 4.0 ×10 mm, Superline™, Dentium Co., Seoul, Korea) were mounted in clear acrylic resin. Fabricated abutments were assessed for surface micro-roughness using a 3D optical noncontact surface microscope. Vertical and horizontal adaptation of the abutment with implant interface was assessed by using Bruker micro-CT. Data was assessed using analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc comparison tests for all the variables except vertical misfit was assessed using Kruskal-Wallis test. Pearson correlation was used to assess dependence between independent variable (surface roughness) and dependent variables (Horizontal misfit and vertical misfit). RESULTS: SLM-Ti abutments showed significantly rougher surface (p < 0.05) among the study groups. While SLM-CoCr abutments were smoother than Cast abutments with mean Ra of 1.30 ± 0.11 and 1.58 ± 0.17 µm, respectively (p < 0.05). For abutment adaptation, SLM-Ti abutments showed the highest horizontal misfit among the groups (p < 0.05). While, SLM-CoCr abutments (29.24 ± 11.11 µm) showed comparable (p > 0.05) horizontal misfit results with Cast (26.08 ± 3.93 µm) and machined (26.45 ± 7.33 µm) abutments. Comparable (p > 0.05) vertical misfit values between Cast CoCr (487.01 ± 40.34 µm), SLM-CoCr (358.38 ± 114.93 µm) and SLM-Ti (299.85 ± 172.88 µm) abutments were observed. A positive correlation was found between the surface roughness of the mating surfaces and abutment adaptation. CONCLUSION: SLM CoCr abutments exhibited low roughness and comparable abutment adaptation (vertically and horizontally) than cast (control) abutments. Therefore, SLM CoCr abutments should be clinically investigated as potential implant abutments for clinical use.

Influence of IoT implementation on Resource management in construction.

The desire to increase resource management efficacy in the construction sector is expanding because of measures to reduce costs, boost productivity, and minimize environmental impact. The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to alter resource management in the construction sector by delivering real-time data and insights that may assist decision-makers in optimizing resource allocation and usage. Incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) technology into the construction sector will be investigated in this study to discover how resource management is affected. The aim of the study is to identify the essential aspects that promote optimal IoT integration and to investigate how IoT may influence resource management. The relations between variables and their fundamental elements are investigated using structural equation modelling (SEM). In the context of building projects, the study analyses how IoT integration influences resource allocation and utilization, real-time monitoring, and proactive maintenance. The building sector in Malaysia provides concepts on IoT in resource management. Based on this research's outcomes, there is a distinct association between the utilization of IoT technology and effective resource management in the construction sector. IoT adoption is affected by a multiplicity of issues, including data analytics, data security and privacy, integration and interoperability, scalability, and flexibility. This study contributes to addressing considerable gaps in the corpus of information on IoT technology integration in the construction sector. It analyses how IoT may effect resource management, emphasizing how IoT technology may enhance the efficacy of human, mechanical, and material resources.

Emerging Trends and Innovations in the Treatment and Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Review towards Healthier Aging.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are classed as diseases of aging, which are associated with an increased prevalence of atherosclerotic lesion formation caused by such diseases and is considered as one of the leading causes of death globally, representing a severe health crisis affecting the heart and blood vessels. Atherosclerosis is described as a chronic condition that can lead to myocardial infarction, ischemic cardiomyopathy, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease and to date, most pharmacological therapies mainly aim to control risk factors in patients with cardiovascular disease. Advances in transformative therapies and imaging diagnostics agents could shape the clinical applications of such approaches, including nanomedicine, biomaterials, immunotherapy, cell therapy, and gene therapy, which are emerging and likely to significantly impact CVD management in the coming decade. This review summarizes the current anti-atherosclerotic therapies' major milestones, strengths, and limitations. It provides an overview of the recent discoveries and emerging technologies in nanomedicine, cell therapy, and gene and immune therapeutics that can revolutionize CVD clinical practice by steering it toward precision medicine. CVD-related clinical trials and promising pre-clinical strategies that would significantly impact patients with CVD are discussed. Here, we review these recent advances, highlighting key clinical opportunities in the rapidly emerging field of CVD medicine.

Randomized Clinical Trial on Direct Composite and Indirect Ceramic Laminate Veneers in Multiple Diastema Closure Cases: Two-Year Follow-Up.

In recent years, laminate veneer restorations should be considered as a minimally invasive treatment option for several aesthetic reasons. This study compared direct composite veneers' and indirect ceramic laminate veneers' longevity in multiple diastema closures. A total of 28 patients with a mean age of 26 years received 60 direct resin composite (Estelite Asteria; n = 14) and 60 indirect ceramic veneers (IPS e.max Press; n = 14) on the maxillary anterior teeth with diastema closure. Veneers were evaluated at baseline and thereafter every 6 months for up to 2 years using USPHS criteria. Data were analyzed with Fisher's exact and chi-squared tests, while Kaplan-Meier curve was used to assess time to event. In total, three failures were observed in the form of debonding (n = 1) and fracture (n = 2) in the indirect ceramic veneers. No significant difference was observed between the survival rates of composite and ceramic veneers (Estelite Asteria: 93.4%, IPS e.max Press: 95%; p > 0.05). The overall survival rate was 94.2% (Kaplan-Meier). Staining (n = 11) and roughness (n = 14) were frequently observed for the resin composite veneers up to the final recall. Thereby, the preliminary results from this clinical trial comparing two veneer materials indicated that their survival rates were statistically similar. However, surface quality changes were more frequent in the composite veneer material.

Optimizing Prostate Imaging Practices in Saudi Arabian Hospitals: A Comprehensive Analysis of PI-RADS Compliance in Multiparametric MRI

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer, a significant contributor to male cancer mortality globally, demands improved diagnostic strategies. In Saudi Arabia, where the incidence is expected to double, this study assessed the compliance of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) practices with Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADS v2) guidelines across diverse healthcare institutions. METHODS: A survey was distributed to the radiology departments of all tertiary referral hospitals in Saudi Arabia (n=60) to assess their compliance with the technical specifications outlined in PI-RADS v2. Statistical analysis included chi-square, Fisher exact, ANOVA, and Student t-tests to examine the collected data. RESULTS: The study revealed an overall commendable compliance rate of 95.23%. However, significant variations were observed in technical parameters, particularly between 1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla scanners and tertiary versus non-tertiary hospitals. Notable adherence in certain sequences contrasted with discrepancies in T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging parameters. CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the need for nuanced approaches to optimize prostate imaging protocols, considering field strength and institutional differences. The study contributes to the ongoing refinement of standardized mpMRI practices, aiming to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve clinical outcomes in prostate cancer.

Activation of AMPK/mTOR-Driven Autophagy and Suppression of the HMGB1/TLR4 Pathway with Pentoxifylline Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats.

Despite being an effective chemotherapeutic agent, the clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by several organ toxicities including hepatic injury. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative with marked anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic features. It is unknown, however, whether PTX can mitigate DOX-evoked hepatotoxicity. This study aims to explore the potential hepatoprotective impact of PTX in DOX-induced hepatic injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA were used to examine liver tissues. The current findings revealed that PTX administration to DOX-intoxicated rats mitigated the pathological manifestations of hepatic injury, reduced microscopical damage scores, and improved serum ALT and AST markers, revealing restored hepatic cellular integrity. These favorable effects were attributed to PTX's ability to mitigate inflammation by reducing hepatic IL-1ß and TNF-α levels and suppressing the pro-inflammatory HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB axis. Moreover, PTX curtailed the hepatic apoptotic abnormalities by suppressing caspase 3 activity and lowering the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In tandem, PTX improved the defective autophagy events by lowering hepatic SQSTM-1/p62 accumulation and enhancing the AMPK/mTOR pathway, favoring autophagy and hepatic cell preservation. Together, for the first time, our findings demonstrate the ameliorative effect of PTX against DOX-evoked hepatotoxicity by dampening the hepatic HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pro-inflammatory axis and augmenting hepatic AMPK/mTOR-driven autophagy. Thus, PTX could be utilized as an adjunct agent with DOX regimens to mitigate DOX-induced hepatic injury.

The anti-inflammatory properties of vinpocetine mediates its therapeutic potential in management of atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis (AS) formation is enhanced by different mechanisms including cytokine generation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and migration. One of the recent treatments towards endothelial dysfunction and AS is Vinpocetine (VPN). VPN is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase enzyme 1 (PDE-1) and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through inhibition the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). VPN has been shown to be effective against the development and progression of AS. However, the underlying molecular mechanism was not fully clarified. Consequently, objective of the present review was to discuss the mechanistic role of VPN in the pathogenesis AS. Most of pro-inflammatory cytokines that released from macrophages are inhibited by action of VPN through NF-κB-dependent mechanism. VPN blocks monocyte adhesion and migration by constraining the expression and action of pro-inflammatory cytokines. As well, VPN is effective in reducing of oxidative stress a cornerstone in the pathogenesis of AS through inhibition of NF-κB and PDE1. VPN promotes plaque stability and prevents the erosion and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. In conclusion, VPN through mitigation of inflammatory and oxidative stress, and improvement of plaque stability effects could be effective agent in the management of AS.

The Impact of Repeated Steam Sterilization Cycles on the Efficacy of Chairside Adjustment Kits for Polishing Monolithic Multi-Layered Zirconia Dental Restoration Material.

BACKGROUND Before insertion, chairside adjustment kits are heat sterilized for positioning and polishing dental restorations. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 2 steam sterilization cycles on the efficacy of polishing highly translucent monolithic zirconia (HTMLZ) dental restoration material. MATERIAL AND METHODS 100 HTMLZ disc-shaped specimens were adjusted (grinding, finishing, polishing) with EVE Diacera kit. Two steam sterilization techniques [standard (Gp S), immediate/flash (Gp (F)] of CAK were further subgrouped based on number of sterilization cycles [cycle 1 (control), cycle 5, 10, 15, and 20 (experimental)] (n=10 each). Each subgroup accordingly was evaluated for average surface roughness (Ra) and root mean square roughness (Rq) using a profilometer. Mean and standard deviation of 5 subgroups were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA/post hoc Tukey's test. Scanning electron microscopy complemented Ra, Rq measurements. Statistical differences of P≤0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS HTMLZ specimens in both groups showed increased (Ra/Rq) values after repeated sterilization of EVE Diacera kit, with Gp F showing lesser increase than Gp S (20 cycles). Gp F at 10 cycles and Gp S at 15 cycles showed clinically unacceptable roughness threshold (0.25 µm). Differences between subgroups for Ra and Rq values were significant (P≤0.05) with less differences within groups observed in early cycles (1, 10). Results validate the manufacturer's recommendations of using flash sterilization/10 cycles for EVE Diacera kit. CONCLUSIONS Repeated sterilization reduces efficacy of chairside adjustment kit to produce smooth surfaces on HTMLZ. This study recommends flash sterilization to a maximum of 10 times to get the clinically acceptable results of Ra and Rq.

Depression and type 2 diabetes: A causal relationship and mechanistic pathway.

Depression is a mood disorder that may increase risk for the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and vice versa. However, the mechanistic pathway linking depression and T2D is not fully elucidated. The aim of this narrative review, therefore, was to discuss the possible link between depression and T2D. The coexistence of T2D and depression is twice as great compared to the occurrence of either condition independently. Hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia promote the incidence of depression by enhancing inflammation and reducing brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5HT]). Dysregulation of insulin signalling in T2D impairs brain 5HT signalling, leading to the development of depression. Furthermore, depression is associated with the development of hyperglycaemia and poor glycaemic control. Psychological stress and depression promote the development of T2D. In conclusion, T2D could be a potential risk factor for the development of depression through the induction of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress that affect brain neurotransmission. In addition, chronic stress in depression may induce the development of T2D through dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and increase circulating cortisol levels, which triggers IR and T2D.

Deterrents to the IoT for smart buildings and infrastructure development: A partial least square modeling approach.

Implementing Internet of things (IoT) technology in the context of intelligent buildings and infrastructure development has garnered significant attention within the construction sector. Nonetheless, the implementation of IoT could be improved by assessing various barriers. The purpose of this study was to examine the obstacles related to the adaptation of IoT techniques within the construction sector, as well as the effects on the advancement of intelligent building and infrastructure systems. The study employed a mixed-method approach involving exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine six types of barriers: knowledge, technical, standardization, creativity, complexity, and economics. The study revealed that the implementation of IoT for developing smart construction and infrastructure in the construction sector was significantly influenced by all six constructs. The results of this study offer significant ramifications for the field. The study underscores the necessity for heightened consciousness and instruction regarding the advantages of implementing IoT. The study posits that the technical barriers, including interoperability, modernization of legacy infrastructure, and coordination and collaboration difficulties, require attention from the industry. The study highlights the significance of establishing industry-wide standards and protocols for implementing IoT and regulatory and legal frameworks. Finally, the study underscores the necessity for augmented funding and financing options for IoT endeavors. Subsequent study endeavors may expand upon the present findings by delving into the barriers encountered by alternative sectors and nations and assessing the efficacy of the suggested measures in this investigation.

Fabrication and evaluation of ribavirin-loaded electrospun nanofibers as an antimicrobial wound dressing.

Background: Skin is regarded as an essential first line of defense against harmful pathogens and it hosts an ecosystem of microorganisms that create a widely diverse skin microbiome. In chronic wounds, alterations in the host-microbe interactions occur forming polymicrobial biofilms that hinder the process of wound healing. Ribavirin, an antiviral drug, possesses antimicrobial activity, especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, which are known as the main opportunistic pathogens in chronic wounds. Rationale: In this study, electrospun nanofiber systems loaded with ribavirin were developed as a potential wound dressing for topical application in chronic wounds. Ribavirin was chosen in this study owing to the emerging cases of antimicrobial (antibiotics and antifungal) resistance and the low attempts to discover new antimicrobial agents, which encouraged the repurposing use of current medication as an alternative solution in case of resistance to the available agents. Additionally, the unique mechanism of action of ribavirin, i.e., perturbing the bacterial virulence system without killing or stopping their growth and rendering the pathogens disarmed, might be a promising choice to prevent drug resistance. Cyclodextrin (CD) was utilized to formulate ribavirin as an electrospun nanofibers delivery system to enhance the absorption and accelerate the release of ribavirin for topical use. Results: The results demonstrated a successful ribavirin nanofibers fabrication that lacked beads and pores on the nanofibrous surfaces. Ribavirin underwent a physical transformation from crystalline to amorphous form, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. This change occurred due to the molecular dispersion after the electrospinning process. Additionally, the CD enhanced the encapsulation efficiency of ribavirin in the nanofibers as observed from the drug-loading results. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and CD increased ribavirin released into the solution and the disintegration of fibrous mats which shrank and eventually dissolved into a gel-like substance as the ribavirin-loaded fibers began to break down from their border toward the midpoint. Cytotoxicity of ribavirin and CD was evaluated against human dermal fibroblasts (HFF-1) and the results showed a relatively safe profile of ribavirin upon 24-hour cell exposure, while CD was safe within 24- and 48-hour. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the potential application of our nanofibrous system for treating chronic wounds; however, further antimicrobial and in-vivo studies are required to confirm its safety and effectiveness.

Pharmacist management of atrial fibrillation in UK primary care: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) increases the risk of stroke by a factor of five, leading a significant cost burdens on healthcare system. Pharmacists, especially those based in a primary care environment are well placed to support patients in this therapeutic area. Objectives: To assess primary care pharmacists' actual knowledge on the management of AF symptoms and anticoagulation. Furthermore, to investigate the resources used by pharmacists. Methods: A cross-sectional study using survey was conducted, targeting UK-based registered pharmacists employed within primary care settings. Quantitative data were analysed utilising descriptive univariate and bivariate statistics. Results: 349 pharmacists completed the adapted 19-questions of the pharmacists' knowledge. Out of a maximum of 19 points, the mean score was 14.34 ± 2.2 (75 ± 11.6%). The questionnaire revealed several significant gaps in pharmacists' knowledge. Most of the surveyed pharmacists (62.8%) reported that they used sources of information to support their consultations. Half reported that they used the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance (52.4%) and the British National Formulary (BNF) (50.7%). Conclusions: Primary care pharmacists are knowledgeable about AF and its management; however, some gaps exist which may require addressing. Although pharmacists use a variety of information resources, it is the traditional resources that remain the most frequently used.

Validation and Application of Screen-Printed Microchip for Potentiometric Determination of Metformin Hydrochloride in Tablet Dosage Form.

Metformin is an oral biguanides hypoglycaemic agent, which used to lower the blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Many analytical techniques have been used to quantify the drug in different pharmaceutical dosage forms; however, most of these methods have limited throughput in the quality control application. A disposable potentiometric microsensor responsive to metformin has recently been reported. For the first time, herein, this method of analysis has been validated according to IUPAC recommendations and successfully applied in the determination of metformin drug in some dosage form. Different drug formulations of metformin hydrochloride have been collected from the local pharmaceutical stores in Saudi Arabia and analysed using the validated microchip-based method of analysis. Subsequently, the results of this study showed that the validated method was linear, specific, precise, and accurate. The linear range was 1 × 10-1-1 × 10-5 mol L-1 and the correlation coefficient was 0.999. The limit of detection was 2.89 × 10-6 mol L-1, and the limit of quantification was 8.77 × 10-6 mol L-1. This method demonstrated high precision, with an RSD% of less than 2.22%. The accuracy of this method was obtained by comparing the recovery percentage with percentage values less than 5%. The results obtained showed that there was no significant difference between the references, label, and recovery of less than 5%.

Association between Gingival Phenotype and Periodontal Disease Severity-A Comparative Longitudinal Study among Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Therapy and Invisalign Treatment.

This longitudinal study aimed to compare the association between gingival phenotype (thin vs. thick) and periodontal disease severity in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy (FOT) and Invisalign treatment over a six-month follow-up period. Clinical periodontal parameters, including full mouth plaque score (FMPS), full mouth bleeding score (FMBS), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession (GR), keratinized tissue width (KTW), transgingival probing, and gingival biotype assessment, were recorded at baseline and 6 months into treatment for both orthodontic groups and a control group. Statistical analysis evaluated differences in parameters between groups and across time points. In the thick phenotype, both Invisalign and FOT groups showed a significant mean reduction in FMPS (baseline to 6 months) by -24.8707 and -12.3489, respectively (p < 0.05). The gingival index decreased significantly for both groups, with Invisalign and FOT showing reductions of -0.83355 and -1.10409, respectively (p < 0.05). FMBS (baseline to 6 months) decreased significantly for Invisalign and FOT, with mean differences of -9.10298 and -12.6579 (p < 0.05). Probing pocket depth (baseline to 6 months) was also significantly reduced for both Invisalign and FOT groups while CAL showed non-significant differences in both groups (p > 0.05). Similar changes were seen in the thin phenotype too. This study highlights the positive influence of both Invisalign and fixed orthodontic therapy on periodontal health, particularly in patients with thin and thick gingival biotypes. These findings, with significant reductions in key periodontal parameters, offer valuable insights to guide orthodontic treatment decisions and enhance patient outcomes.

Development and evaluation of sildenafil/glycyrrhizin-loaded nanofibers as a potential novel buccal delivery system for erectile dysfunction.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a growing health condition that needs safe and effective therapy. One of the main common treatments is sildenafil which is used in clinics for managing erectile dysfunction by enhancing the blood supply to the penis. In the current study, sildenafil was formulated as nanofibers and mixed with the root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra (glycyrrhizin) as a natural sweetener to be administrated in the buccal cavity for enhanced drug bioavailability, rapid drug absorption and improved patient compliance. The formulated dual-loaded nanofibers were evaluated by measuring diameter, disintegration, drug loading efficiency, drug release profile, and in vitro cell viability assessment. The results showed that the sildenafil/glycyrrhizin-loaded fibers had a diameter of 0.719 ± 0.177 µm and lacked any beads and pores formation on their surfaces. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency for sildenafil were measured as 52 ± 7 µg/mg and 67 ± 9 %, respectively, while they were 290 ± 32 µg/mg and 94 ± 10 %, respectively, for glycyrrhizin. The release rate of sildenafil and glycyrrhizin demonstrated a burst release in the first minute, followed by a gradual increment until a complete release after 120 min. The in vitro cell viability evaluation exhibited that the application of sildenafil and glycyrrhizin is safe upon 24-hour treatment on human skin fibroblast cells at all used concentrations (i.e., ≤ 1,000 and 4,000 µg/mL, respectively). However, the application of sildenafil-glycyrrhizin combination (in a ratio of 1:4) demonstrated more than 80 % cell viability at concentrations of ≤ 250 and 1000 µg/mL, respectively, following 24-hour cell exposure. Therefore, sildenafil/glycyrrhizin dual-loaded PVP nanofibers showed a potential buccal therapeutic approach for erectile dysfunction management.

Enhancing the Antiproliferative Activity of Perillyl Alcohol against Glioblastoma Cell Lines through Synergistic Formulation with Natural Oils.

BACKGROUND: Due to its volatility, photostability, and gastrointestinal toxicity, Perillyl Alcohol (POH), a monoterpenoid component of various plant species, is a chemotherapeutic drug with insufficient efficacy. Many naturally occurring bioactive compounds have well-known antiproliferative properties, including sefsol, jojoba, tea tree, and moringa oils. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to develop an oil-based Self Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) using tween 80 as the surfactant and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) or Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 400 as the cosurfactant; the oils were used in a range of 10-20% to boost POH's anticancer efficacy. METHODS: The formulations' size, charge, and impact on the viability of glioma cell lines, ANGM-CSS and A172, were evaluated. RESULTS: The developed SNEDDS formulations ranged from 3 nm to 362 nm in size, with electronegative surface charges between 5.05 and 17.0 mV and polydispersity indices between 0.3 and 1.0. CONCLUSION: The findings indicated that the antiproliferative effect of POH-loaded Nanoemulsion (NE) could be used as a possible anticancer therapy for glioblastoma in vitro, particularly when paired with the tested natural oils. Before asserting that this delivery technique is appropriate for glioblastoma therapy, additional in vitro and in vivo investigations are required.

Influence of Chairside Simulated Adjustment (Finishing and Polishing) Protocol and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash Immersion on Color Stability and Translucency of 2 and 3 Preshaded Multilayered Monolithic Zirconia.

BACKGROUND Preshaded monolithic zirconia (MLZ) is reported to have high translucency. This study aimed to assess the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate (ChG) mouthwash on color and translucency parameter (TP) of 2 different preshaded MLZ dental ceramics after clinical adjustment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two MLZ disk-shaped specimens [NPM (Nacera Pearl Multi-Shade) (n=72) and CZM (Ceramill Zolid FX Multilayer)] (n=72) were simulated for clinical adjustment, finished, and polished using 2 adjustment kits [recommended kit, third-party kit: Diasynt Plus and SUN (n=12 each)] and later immersed in ChG mouthwash (Avohex) for 2 weeks. Difference in color (ΔE) and TP (Y) were calculated using the CIELab formula after measuring the coordinates (Lab) with a colorimeter. Individual changes in color and TP were assessed on the Clinical acceptance (perceptible) threshold (CAT/CPT) and Translucency perception threshold (TPT), respectively. Differences between the 2 ceramics were assessed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests, with all differences considered significant at P<0.05. RESULTS NPM and CZM differed in color at baseline despite having the same Vita shade combination. Between the 2 preshaded MLZ ceramics, NPM showed significant changes in color when adjusted with a third-party kit. Chlorhexidine produced changes in color and TP that were designated as clinically perceptible (ΔE=1.0 to 3.3) on the CAT/CPT and TPT scales, irrespective of the adjustment kit used. ChG produced the least or no changes in glazed MLZ specimens. CONCLUSIONS ChG mouthwash, whenever prescribed for preshaded MLZ restoration, should be adjusted prior to final glazing to avoid clinical adjustments that adversely affects color and translucency of the restoration.

Evaluation of the Milled and Three-Dimensional Digital Manufacturing, 10-Degree and 20-Degree Preparation Taper, Groove and Box Auxiliary Retentive Features, and Conventional and Resin-Based Provisional Cement Type on the Adhesive Failure Stress of 3 mm Short Provisional Crowns.

BACKGROUND This study evaluated the effects of milling (CADCAM), 3D printing, preparation taper angles (10-degree and 20-degree), auxiliary retentive features (groove and box), and provisional cement types (conventional and resin-based) on the adhesive failure stress of 3-mm short provisional crowns (PC). The research was motivated by the need to understand how digital dentistry technologies impact the retention and durability of provisional crowns. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 160 working models (3D-printed) and PCs [80 milled (CopraTemp)/80 printed (Asiga)] were fabricated from two 10- and 20-degree typodont master models and two 20-degree 3D-printed master models (groove and box), simulating a 3 mm high all-ceramic short PC. After provisional cementation with conventional (Kerr TempBond) and resin-based (ProviTemp) cements, 16 subgroups (n=10 each) underwent thermocycling (10 000 cycles; 5-55°C) and pull-off tests on a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. RESULTS Conventional cement failed at lower stress for milled (47.68 to 73.54) and printed (48.40 to 77.91) as compared to resin cement for milled (104.2 to 137.27) and printed (184.85 to 328.84), respectively, with significant differences. Increased taper and groove decreased failure load except for the printed PC/resin cement combination. Use of proximal box preparation increased retention significantly. Except for 20-degree taper cemented with conventional cement, the differences in auxiliary retentive features for milled and printed provisional crowns were statistically significant at P≤0.05. CONCLUSIONS 3D-printed PC, resin-based cement, 10-degree taper, and proximal box preparation were associated with higher retention than milled, conventional cements, 20-degree taper, and vertical groove.

Development of progesterone electrospun nanofibers to coat Arabin pessaries as a dual preventive and therapeutic approach for preterm labor.

Preterm labor is a growing health problem that causes newborn death, and safe and effective therapy is significantly needed. Arabin pessaries and progesterone are preventive and therapeutic approaches that can be applied to managing the short cervix; hence, reducing the risk of preterm labor. The main goal of current work is to fabricate a novel nanofiber formulation based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and loaded with progesterone to coat for Arabin pessaries to be used as dual preventive and therapeutic approaches for local vaginal delivery. Several important criteria were considered in this study to assess the prepared nanofibers (i.e.; nanofiber diameter, progesterone loading efficiency, progesterone release profiles and in vitro cytotoxicity assessment). The results showed a dimeter of 397 ± 88 nm, drug loading of 142 ± 3 µg/mg and encapsulation efficiency of 99 ± 2 % for the progesterone-loaded nanofibers. Approximately, 17 % of progesterone was released from the nanofibers after 90 days. The in vitro assessment showed that the application of progesterone is safe upon 24 and 48-hours incubation on HFF-1 cell line at concentrations ≤ 32 µg/mL and within 72-hours at a dose of ≤ 8 µg/mL. To conclude, the data recommended that progesterone-loaded nanofibers can coat the Arabin pessaries with the potential of being a safe and effective dual preventive and therapeutic tool for preterm labor.

Retraction: Lymphangioma: A Rare Benign Cystic Pancreatic Lesion.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21056.].