The Relationship Between American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TIRADS) and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) ; in Geriatric Thyroid Pathologies.

Introduction: The world population is getting older with each passing year.Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrinological cancer and its incidence is increasing in all populations. Although the increase in prevalence has been attributed more to the increased use of imaging methods and to the higher sensitivity of ultrasonography (USG) by some authorities, there are also studies suggesting a real increase.In our study, it was aimed to examine the USG and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) results of thyroid nodules in the geriatric age group and to discuss them in the light of the literature. Methods: Files of 129 geriatric patients with thyroid nodules detected in the University Of Health Sciences Adana City Training and Research Hospital between 2018 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The USG characteristics of the patients were categorized by scoring according to the ACR TIRADS system. FNAC diagnoses were grouped according to the Bethesda classification. Results: According to the ACR TIRADS grading, 4 patients (3.1%) were benign, 58 patients (45%) were not suspicious, 38 patients (29.5%) were mildly suspicious, 25 patients (19.4%) were moderately suspicious, and 4 patients (3.1%) were highly suspicious.In our study, although USG provided very valuable information in the approach to thyroid nodules, no relationship was found between TIRADS in the geriatric age group and FNAC results in our study (p = 0.117). Conclusion: We think that the approach to thyroid nodules in geriatric patients requires closer follow-up not only with USG data but also with clinical and history-based findings. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-022-03215-w.

Loss of Smell in COVID-19 Patients: New Biomarkers.

Patients with emerging anosmia may be asymptomatic carriers of coronavirus disease 2019 infection requiring self-isolation; otherwise, there are risks of facilitating the spread of the disease.This study aims to evaluate the loss of smell with visual analogue scale and to determine the relationship between the loss of smell and blood parameters.All patients' coronavirus disease 2019 swab cultures were polymerase chain reaction positive and pneumonia was found in computed tomographies consistent with oronavirus disease 2019. The study was conducted on 114 patients hospitalized between 01.11.2020 and 31.12.2020 in the Otorhinolaryngology coronavirus disease 2019 Service of University of Health Sciences Adana City Training and Research Hospital and followed up by us.A score of 10 indicates that the olfactory function is completely normal in all patients undergoing visual analogue scale, and a score of 0 indicates that they cannot smell anything. Patients who received visual analogue scale scored 10 points were categorized as Group 1 and others as Group 2. Statistical significance level was determined as p < 0.05. A statistically significant difference was found between Group 1 and Group 2 in terms of visual analogue scale smell score, neutrophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. Visual analogue scale smell score, neutrophil count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio value were found to be lower in Group 2 and lymphocyte count was found to be higher. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet, platelet/lymphocyte ratio, which are also used in nasal diseases, may be used to detect loss of smell, predict, and even determine the prognosis of loss of smell if supported by further studies.

Effects of Infertility on Voice in male patients.

Purpose: In this study, we aimed to determine the differences in normospermic, oligospermic and azoospermic infertile men by performing voice analysis and to discuss this in the light of the literature. Methods: 71 male patients who applied to the urology clinic due to infertility and were then referred to us were included in the study. Hormone analysis and spermiogram were requested from the patients for routine infertility tests. Testosterone, Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH), Prolactin levels of the patients were recorded. Age and spermiogram results were recorded. According to the spermiogram results, the patients were categorized as Group 1 (azoospermic), Group 2 (oligospermic), Group 3 (normospermic). Voice Handicap Index-10 Turkish version (VHI-10) was applied to the patients and the results were recorded. Results: The age of the infertile patients ranged from 20 to 37. The mean age was 28.23. The distribution of the patients was 21 patients in Group 1, 40 patients in Group 2, and 10 patients in Group 3. The mean Testosterone level of the patients was 2.78; mean FSH level 12.14; mean LH level 7.26; mean Prolactin level was 8.1. The mean VHI-10 scores of the patients were 10.52. The fundamental frequency F0 Hz (mean pitch) values of the patients were 176,468; jitter % (frequency perturbation jitter) values average 0.25; shimmer % (amplitude perturbation shimmer) values average 2,322; HNR dB values averaged 24,862. Conclusions: Testosterone is more effective on the voice, especially in male individuals.It would be more logical to think that many hormones, growth factors and local factors are effective instead of a single hormone.

Morphometric properties of the fallopian canal: comparison of two nations with different ethnic origins.

PURPOSE: To determine the widths of fallopian canal segments (labyrinthine segment, geniculate ganglion, tympanic segment mastoid segment and stylomastoid foramen), in two nations with different ethnic origins, and to analyze the differences in between. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed temporal computerized tomographies of 102 individuals including 38 Turks and 64 Syrians. The widths of right and left labyrinthine (LS), tympanic (TS), mastoid (MS), geniculate ganglion (GG) and stylomastoid foramen (SF) segments of the fallopian canal were measured. RESULTS: The narrowest segment was LS (right: 1.04 ± 0.23 mm, left: 1.03 ± 0.22 mm) and the widest segment was SF (right: 1.82 ± 0.41 mm, left: 1.85 ± 0.35 mm). From the widest to the narrowest, the widths of the FC segments were sorted as SF > GG > MS > TS > LS. The widths of the fallopian canal segments were similar between right and left sides, and between males and females (p > 0.05). Our results indicated that both right and left GG were significantly wider in Turks (p < 0.001 for both), however right LS (p < 0.001) and left TS (p = 0.005) were significantly wider in Syrian refugees. Two groups did not show any differences for the widths of other FC segments (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nations of different ethnic origins may have differences concerning the widths of some segments of the fallopian canal. Further studies with a larger sample size including clinical data of the patients are needed to clarify our findings, and to determine whether these differences have any clinical implications.

Effect of Using N95 and Surgical Masks on Otoacoustic Emission in Cochlear Outer Hair Cells.

INTRODUCTION: Distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) was measured to investigate the effect of mask use and type on oxygen saturation on cochlear function in health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Group 1 participants wore surgical masks; Group 2 participants wore N95 masks. Distortion product otoacoustic emission and oxygen saturation were measured in both groups before and after mask use. RESULTS: Comparison of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values before and after surgical mask use in DPOAE measurements of group 1 revealed statistically significant difference in the right and left ears. Comparison of the SNR values in DPOAE measurements of group 2 before and after 8 hours of N95 mask use revealed statistically significant differences in the right ear at 988, 2963, 4444, and 8000 Hz and in the left ear at 8000 Hz. CONCLUSION: We found that prolonged mask use may affect the outer hair cells in the cochlea, causing deterioration in DPOAE values.

The effectiveness of endoscopic sphenopalatine ganglion block in management of postoperative pain after septal surgery.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effect of bilateral endoscopic sphenopalatine ganglion block (SPGB) for management of postoperative pain in patients undergoing septoplasty. METHODS: Sixty septoplasty patients (51.7% male, 48.3% female, aged 18 to 45 years) were randomly assigned to general anesthesia (GA) alone (control) (n = 30) or GA plus endoscopic SPGB (n = 30). Demographic data, duration of surgery, blood loss, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores (upon arrival at the postanesthesia care unit [PACU] and 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery), overall analgesic usage (end of 24 and 168 hours after surgery), overall satisfaction with the pain control (end of 24 and 168 hours after surgery), and complications (bleeding, nausea and vomiting, and visual disturbance) were recorded. RESULTS: Pain scores upon arrival to the PACU and 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery were significantly lower in the SPGB group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the SPGB group had significantly lower analgesic requirements and higher satisfaction scores with their pain control at the end of 24 and 168 hours after surgery compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The 2 groups significantly differed in terms of intraoperative blood loss (p = 0.024), and surgery time was longer in the SPGB group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: SPGB with bupivacaine is a safe and effective method to reduce pain after septoplasty, and it is a cost-effective alternative to high doses of analgesics.

A rare diagnosis in the head and neck region: leiomyosarcoma.

A rare case of leiomyosarcoma in the neck was presented. Several common characteristics of head and neck leiomyosarcoma were summarized in this case: the low-grade behavior of this tumor, the difficulty of aspiration cytology to provide accurate morphologic classification of this like most other soft tissue tumors, the necessity for appropriate immunohistochemical investigation for accurate diagnosis, the nonspecificity of the radiologic findings, the necessity for en bloc three-dimensional resection of the tumor with adequate soft tissue margins that is actually the mainstay of treatment in this type of cancer, and the propensity to metastasize to distant organs.