Avaliação da condição gengival em resposta aos picos hormonais do ciclo reprodutivo da mulher: estudo clínico controlado / Evaluation of the gingival condition in response to the hormonal peaks of the women’s reproductive cycle: controlled clinical trial

Vários autores consideram que os hormônios podem influenciar significativamente as doenças periodontais, particularmente em períodos de desequilíbrio do nível de hormônios sexuais relacionados ao ciclo da vida reprodutiva da mulher, desde a puberdade até a menopausa. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características gengivais relacionadas às alterações hormonais do ciclo mensal da mulher. Foram incluídas no estudo 32 mulheres, com idades entre 18 e 30 anos, independente de raça, com bom controle de placa bacteriana que foram avaliadas em três períodos distintos: 4 a 5 dias após o início da menstruação (Período controle – PC), 12 dias após o início da menstruação (Pico de estrogênio - PE) e 24 dias após o início da menstruação (Pico de progesterona - PP). Um questionário foi aplicado e em cada período de avaliação foram realizados os índices gengivais (IG) e os índices de placa (IPL). Os resultados demonstraram que não houve alterações estatisticamente significativas nos níveis de IG entre os períodos PC e PE do ciclo menstrual (p > 0,05), porém no PP verificou-se um aumento nos graus de sangramento gengival (p < 0,05). O IPL não demonstrou diferenças significativas em nenhum período experimental, com excelentes níveis de controle de placa (p > 0,05). Diante dos achados obtidos, pode-se concluir que os hormônios do ciclo menstrual, especialmente a progesterona, exercem alguma influência sobre os tecidos gengivais clinicamente saudáveis, com aumento dos sinais inflamatórios locais

Several authors consider that hormones may significantly influence the periodontal diseases, particularly in times of imbalance in the level of sex hormones related to the women’s reproductive cycle, from puberty to menopause. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the gingiva related to hormonal changes during the mensal woman’s cycle. This study included 32 women, aged between 18 and 30 years, regardless of race, with good control of plaque, which were evaluated in three different periods: 4 to 5 days after onset of menstruation (Control period - PC), 12 days after the menstruation period (peak of estrogen - PE) and 24 day safter the menstruation period (peak of progesterone - PP). A questionnaire was applied, and the gingival index (GI) and plaque index (IPL) were performed in each period of evaluation. The results showed no statistically significant differences in the levels of GI between the periods PC and PE of the menstrual cycle (p> 0.05), but there was an increase in the degree of gingival bleeding in the condition of PP (p< 0.05). The IPL showed no significant differences in any experimental period, with excellent levels of plaque control in all of them (p> 0.05). Considering Our findings, it can be concluded that the hormones of the menstrual cycle, especially the progesterone, can exert some influence on the clinically healthy gingival tissues, with increased of the local inflammatory signs

Prevalence and features of palato-radicular grooves: an in-vitro study.

The presence of a morphological defect called a palato-radicular groove (PRG) is considered to be an important contributing factor to the development of localized chronic periodontitis, for it favors the accumulation and proliferation of bacterial plaque deep into the periodontium. This anomaly affects maxillary incisors, especially lateral incisors. The prevalence and different morphologic conditions of the PRG were evaluated in 376 maxillary lateral and central incisors. The teeth were evaluated by a single examiner, considering their presence, localization, origin of formation, extension and depth in millimeters, using a magnifying glass, a precision pachymeter and a millimeter-scaled periodontal probe. Results showed a higher prevalence in lateral incisors (11.1%), with higher prevalence in proximal localization (62.8%), origination from central fossa (57.1%) and predominance in oblique trajectory (62.8%). Of all these teeth, only 8.6% of PRGs reached the root apex, while 97.1% were considered as flat (< 1 mm). Thus, in the presence of a PRG, periodontal pathologic conditions could be more severe in proximal faces, reaching in a few cases the tooth apex and the pulp canal.