[Existential youth depressions]. / Ekzistentsial'nye yunosheskie depressii.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and psychopathological features of existential depression in youth. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 53 male patients (16-25 years old) with diagnosis F31.3, F31.4, F32, F33 with existential themes of depressive experiences were studied by clinical and psychopathological method. RESULTS: The axial symptom of existential was over-value ideas about the meaninglessness of their own and human life with ideas of self-abasement, insolvency, low value, imperfection of society, which in most of the studied cases (79.2%) was accompanied by various degrees of severity suicidal thoughts and intentions. Three varieties were identified: with the prevalence of reflections on the meaninglessness of life (39.6%); with the prevalence of neurotic religiosity (28.3%); with an existential philosophical interpretation (32.1%). CONCLUSION: As a result of the study, the heterogeneity of existential depressions, a significant role of psychogenic factors in their formation were revealed, as a high suicidal risk. Existential depressive states differed in duration, severity of depressive symptoms, high frequency of non-suicidal self-neglect and suicidal risk.

[Psychopathology of depressive-delusional states with religious content]. / Psikhopatologicheskie osobennosti depressivno-bredovykh sostoyanii s religioznym soderzhaniem.

OBJECTIVE: Identification of psychopathological characteristics of depressive-delusional states with religious content, development of a typology, determination of formation features, nosological assessment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 79 patients (47 female, 32 male, mean age 27±6.5 years) with depressive-delusional states with religious content within the affective and schizophrenia spectrum disorders were studied. Clinical-psychopathological, psychometric (PANSS, HDRS, S. Huber CRS) and statistical methods were used. RESULTS: Based on the psychopathological structure, specific mechanisms of development of delusions and themes of the religious experiences, three types of depressive-delusional states were identified: type 1 - with a predominance of depressive delusions congruent with affect and delusional ideas of guilt, sinfulness, abandonment of God (14 patients, 17.7%; 6 women, 8 men; mean age 28±4.5 years; HDRS score 33±5.6, the total PANSS score 71±5.3, the PANSS positive subscale score 15.8±3.7); type 2 - with the addition of incongruent delusional constructs, persecutory disorders and acute sensory delusions to the existing depressive religious delusion, with the phenomenon of confessional ambivalence (27 patients, 34.2%; 16 women, 11 men; mean age at attack manifestation 25±9 years; HDRS score 29.6±4.4, the total PANSS score 87±6.2, the PANSS positive subscale score 23.5±4.2); type 3 - depressive-paranoid states with a predominance of Kandinsky-Clerambault syndrome of religious content (38 cases, 48.1%; 20 women, 18 men; mean age at attack manifestation 23.4±2.5 years; HDRS score 32.7±3.7, the total PANSS score 102±7.3, the PANSS positive subscale score 32.5±4.5). CONCLUSION: The study of depressive-delusional states with religious content has shown their clinical-psychopathological heterogeneity. The religious experiences served as a pathoplastic factor, which essentially modified the clinical-psychopathological picture of the disease due to presence of the specific religious phenomena. The identified types of depressive-delusional disorders with religious content had different diagnostic value.

[The typology of oneiroid-catatonic states in schizophrenia].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the types of oneiroid-catatonic states characteristic of corresponding schizophrenia attacks and their treatment-related changes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 68 outpatients, 25 men and 43 women, aged from 18 to 54 years, using psychopathological and follow-up methods. Results and conclusion. Two groups of oneiroid states were described. Oneiroid-catatonic states with the predominance of visual (optical) component derangement of consciousness were characteristic of the first group and oneiroid states with the prevalence of sensory component of derangement of consciousness were described in the second group. The second group was divided into two subgroups by the severity of the visual component (minimal and mixed). The types of oneiroid-catatonic states determined the dynamics of the attack in whole and were related to treatment (drug-induced pathomorphosis). These results are significant for differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease.

[Psychopathology and clinical features of oneiroid-catatonic conditions during endogenous diseases].

Psychopathology and clinical features of oneiroid-catatonic conditions during endogenous diseases remain a topical problem in modem psychiatry. The author describes psychopathologcal features of oneiroid depending on the form of the affect and presents new data on its relation to peculiarities of the development of attacks.

[An intensification of antiviral and interferon effects of ridostin (an interferon inducer) by cationic liposomes in vitro and in intranasal administration]. / Usilenie kationnymi liposomami protivovirusnogo i interferonogennogo deistviia induktora interferona ridostina in vitro i pri intranazal'nom primenenii.

Combined application of ridostine with catonic liposomes was shown to essentially enhance the interferon-inducing and antiviral activity of the former in experiments with cell cultures L-929, which is apparently related with an improved efficiency of intracellular delivery of dsRNA. A comparative study demonstrated that ridostine, when combined with liposomes, is needed by 10(3)-10(4) times less as when it is used alone. A pretreatment of the cellular monolayer by cationic liposomes contributes also to enhancing the activity of ridostine, which can be explained by an enhanced permeability of cells for dsRNA holding on-for as long as 30 minutes after the removal of liposomes from the liquid culture. A separate successive administration of, first, liposomes and, then, of ridostine in BALB/c mice (20 mg/kg) leads to a more intensified induction of interferon in the upper respiratory tract tissues as compared with the administration of ridostine alone.

[Prophylactic efficacy of aerosol preparations based on Abies siberica polyprenols in experimental influenza infection]. / Profilakticheskaia éffektivnost' aérozolei preparatov na osnove poliprenolov pikhty sibirskoi pri éksperimental'noi grippoznoi infektsii.

Preliminary investigations showed high preventive activity of two of three aerosol preparations of Abies sibirica polyprenols with nonionic surface active substances towards influenza infection. At least 2 aerosol administrations are needed to attain a high protective effect, the second dose depending on the first. Relationship between animal reaction to influenza virus infection changed in a nonmonotonous mode, depending on the drug dose injected during the first treatment: as the dose increased, the death rate first decreased and reached the minimum and then increased again. Such a reaction to aerosol treatment can be explained by the hypothesis of hyperstimulation followed by exhaustion of the host defense systems after high doses of the preparation.

[Stabilization of influenza virus with antioxidants]. / Stabilizatsiia virusa grippa antioksidantami.

Antioxidant stabilizers can be selected by the effects of their components on biological activity of influenza viruses and their antioxidative effects on influenza virions and model membranes--liposomes.