Heridas neoplásicas: aspectos básicos del cuidado de enfermería / Neoplastic wounds: basic aspects of nursing care

Las heridas neoplásicas están relacionadas con el tumor y requieren un abordaje especial y más cuidadoso por los diferentes factores asociados con el cáncer. Se pueden encontrar problemas de difícil manejo como mal olor, exudado, sangrado, dolor, infección, apariencia visual que causa baja autoestima y aislamiento social que conlleva a un marcado deterioro de la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus familias. Objetivo: determinar cuáles son los aspectos básicos del cuidado de enfermería en heridas neoplásicas. Materiales y métodos: esta revisión documental analiza la epidemiología, clasificación, instrumentos de valoración y las intervenciones de cuidado actual que el profesional de enfermería debe tener al brindar el cuidado a estos pacientes. Conclusión: se requiere un equipo multidisciplinario para el manejo de las heridas neoplásicas. Se deben identificar los problemas o necesidades, acorde con esto se diseñará un plan de manejo personalizado y se evaluarán las intervenciones generando un impacto positivo en el estilo de vida actual y futuro del paciente...

Neoplastic wounds are related to an underlying tumor and require specific and more careful care compared with other patients, due to the various factors associated with cancer. They are characterized by distressing issues such as fetid odor, exudate, bleeding, pain, infection, and bodily disfigurement which cause impaired self-esteem, social isolation and significantly impaired quality of life of patients and their family. Objective: to determine the basic aspects of neoplastic wounds nursing care. Materials and Methods: the documental review conducted in this study entails the epidemiology, classification and evaluating instruments, and the interventions that nurses must currently provide to these patients. Conclusion: a multidisciplinary team is essential to manage neoplastic wounds. Issues and needs must be identified to design a personalized management plan and interventions must be evaluated aiming to generate a positive impact on the life style of the patient...

Efficacy of coral-hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphate for early bacterial detection.

Nano- or microhydroxyapatites with microbiological properties are being used to detect pathogens in clinical samples and industrial environments. In this study, the calcium phosphates coral-hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphate were characterized physicochemically using x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analysis. The morphology, texture, and chemical composition of the ceramics were also investigated using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The biocompatibility of the ceramics was evaluated using Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. Microorganisms were detected by incorporating the enzyme markers 4-metilumbelliferil-ß-d-glucoside and 4-metilumbelliferil-ß-d-glucuronide in the ceramic powders and evaluating fluorescence. The characterization of the ceramics revealed typical characteristics, such as crystallinity, thermal stability, and chemical composition, consistent with other calcium phosphates. The calcium phosphates coral-hydroxyapatite and biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics differed from one another in morphology, structural topography, particle size distribution, and the capacity to absorb water. These properties can influence the rates of microbiological responses and bacterial detection. Although both materials are suitable for use as structural supports in microbial diagnostic systems, BCP was more efficient and detected E. coli and E. faecalis more rapidly than CHA.