Anxiety sensitivity moderates the relationship between internet addiction and cyberchondria among nurses.

Internet addiction and cyberchondria have a bidirectional relationship. However, no known studies have evaluated the moderating role of anxiety sensitivity in that relationship. The study aimed to determine whether anxiety sensitivity moderates the relationship between internet addiction and cyberchondria among Jordanian nurses. Data were collected from 303 nurses using a web-based survey and convenience snowballing sampling methods using a cross-sectional research design. The Internet Addiction Test and the short version of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale were used to assess internet addiction and cyberchondria. Nurses reported mild internet addiction, low anxiety sensitivity, and moderate cyberchondria. Also, these findings suggested that sensitivity to anxious feelings moderates the relationship between internet addiction and cyberchondria. These findings would help nurses use psychosocial interventions for people with internet addiction and cyberchondria by understanding how their anxiety sensitivity promotes their internet addiction and cyberchondria.

Global Health Competencies of Undergraduate Nursing Students in Jordan.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess and compare the global health competencies (GHCs) of nursing students in Jordan. GHCs are crucial to ensure the delivery of culturally sensitive care to diverse populations. A cross-sectional survey using the GHC questionnaire was administered to 256 nursing students. Students ranked their ability in health implications of migration, travel, and displacement as the highest domain and health care as a human right and development resources as the lowest. Assessing nursing students' GHCs is important as they pursue their responsibilities toward global health in the future.

Effective clinical nursing leadership in hospitals: barriers from the perspectives of nurse managers.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to effective clinical nursing leadership in Jordanian hospitals from the perspectives of nurse managers (NMs). BACKGROUND: Clinical leadership is about expertise in specialised fields and involving professionals in clinical care. Even though leadership terminology has been used in nursing and healthcare business literature, clinical leadership is still misunderstood, including its barriers. METHOD: This study adopted a qualitative narrative approach and recruited a purposive sample of 19 NMs and two associate executive directors of nursing from two hospitals. Data were collected through two focus group discussions and in-depth interviews and were analysed using content analysis. The study was guided by the 'Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research'. RESULT: Four themes emerged regarding barriers to effective clinical nursing leadership: (1) power differential, (2) inconsistent connectedness with physicians, (3) lack of early socialisation experiences and (4) clinical practice reform is a mutual responsibility. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Barriers are detrimental to effective clinical leadership; they are associated with interdisciplinary and professional socialisation factors. Managers and academicians at all levels should immediately consider these barriers as a priority. Innovative clinical leaders should identify barriers to effective clinical leadership at the early stages. Thus, innovative clinical leadership programmes are warranted.

Nurses' perceptions of the obstacles and supportive behaviors of end-of-life care in intensive care units.

PURPOSE: This study examined the Jordanian registered nurses' perceptions of the obstacles and supportive behaviors of End-of-Life Care in Intensive Care Units and examined the differences in the concepts based on the samples' demographics. METHODS: A cross-sectional and comparative study was conducted using a convenience sample of 230 Intensive Care Unit registered nurses in Jordan. Data were analyzed descriptively, and differences were measured using the independent sample t-test, the one-way Analysis of Variance, and Scheffe's post hoc test. RESULTS: The registered nurses' scored moderately on obstacles (74.98 ± 14.54) and supportive behaviors (69.22 ± 4.84). The commonly perceived obstacle and supportive behaviors to End-of-Life Care in Intensive Care Units s were reported. The perceived obstacles differ based on the registered nurses' certification as an Intensive Care Units nurse (3.04 ± 0.58 vs. 2.74 ± 0.49, p = 0.008), type of Intensive Care Unit (3.28 ± 0.34 vs. 2.86 ± 0.62, p < 0.001), type of facility (3.16 ± 0.59 vs. 2.77 ± 0.61, p < 0.001), number of beds in the unit (3.07 ± 0.48 vs. 2.69 ± 0.48, p = 0.020), and the number of hours worked per week (3.06 ± 0.56 vs. 2.81 ± 0.60, p = 0.005). In contrast, supportive behaviors only differ based on the registered nurses' age (3.22 ± 0.69 vs. 2.90 ± 0.64, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: The common End-of-Life Care perceived obstacle in Intensive Care Units was the lack of nursing education and training regarding the studies concept, which warrants immediate intervention such as on-job training. The common End-of-Life Care perceived supportive behavior in Intensive Care Units was when family members accepted that the patient was dying when nurses offered support to family members; motivational interventions are needed to sustain such behavior. Differences in the perceived obstacles and supportive behaviors should be leveraged for the benefit of patients, nurses, and hospitals.

Mindfulness, Social Support, and Psychological Distress Among Jordanian Burn Patients.

Burn is associated with psychological distress, anxiety, and depression. Social support and mindfulness are considered a strength source for postburn survivors to resume their daily living activities. There is a lack of literature that supported the direct impact of mindfulness on social support and psychological distress among burn survivors. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of mindfulness and social support in enhancing the psychological well-being of burn survivors in Jordan. A cross-sectional descriptive design and convenience sampling technique were utilized to meet the study goal. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by a sample of 212 burn survivors. The questionnaire consists of 3 tools to measure psychological distress, social support, and mindfulness. A significant correlation was found between social support and psychological distress among the Jordanian burn survivors. Mindfulness revealed a distinctive variance in psychological distress among the study participants. In addition, some sociodemographic and clinical data have a relationship with psychological distress. Several factors among burn survivors have influenced their psychological and social support status. Also, mindfulness is important for enhancing psychological well-being and affecting the social support among burn patients.

Thematic Analysis of Mental Health Nurses' Views of Contributing Factors Fueling Workplace Violence in Psychiatric Hospitals: Insights From Unsung Soldiers.

BACKGROUND: Workplace violence against mental health nurses is an international phenomenon that sparks concerns for nurses' safety and mental health. This phenomenon has recently arisen as a crucial concern in the Middle East as it has become pervasive and has negative implications, causing nurses to accumulate psychological and emotional distress. However, no research has yet investigated the contributing factors of this phenomenon in Jordanian psychiatric hospitals from the nurses' perspectives. AIMS: This study aimed to explore the factors contributing to workplace violence in Jordanian psychiatric hospitals from the perspective of mental health nurses. METHOD: An exploratory, qualitative design was utilized. Using audio-recorded, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews, a purposive sample of 24 mental health nurses were interviewed to collect data. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Four overarching themes were identified: Peak Time of Violence, Unavoidable Part of the Job, Poor Organization and Lack of Policy, and Bite the Bullet. CONCLUSION: From nurses' perspectives, an in-depth understanding of factors contributing to workplace violence provides a foundation for developing preventive interventions, improving work environment safety, and promoting nurses' mental health. Prevention strategies and further studies are warranted to limit this phenomenon.

COVID-19 era-related e-learning: a cross-sectional web-scale study of cyberchondria, internet addiction and anxiety-related symptomatology among university nursing students.

OBJECTIVE: The study assessed COVID-19 era-related e-learning cyberchondria, internet addiction and anxiety-related symptomatology among nursing students. The relationships, predictors and differences between the studied concepts were measured. DESIGN: In 2021, a quantitative cross-sectional research design using a web survey with a sample size of 333 nursing students yielded a response rate of 70%. RESULTS: Nursing students had a moderate level of cyberchondria, low to moderate internet addiction, a moderate to severe level of anxiety and depression, and a normal stress level. Demographic characteristics, cyberchondria, internet addiction and anxiety-related symptomatology were significantly correlated. Grade point average, age, type of organisation where the students were trained and level of education were significant predictors of the studied variables. Significant differences in the studied concepts were found based on the sample's characteristics such as gender, type of organisations or universities where the students were trained or studied, and age. CONCLUSION: Cyberchondria, internet addiction, depression, anxiety and stress symptomatology are troublesome. Higher education organisations might benefit from examining the variables of interest and investigating the relations between internet addiction and depression and anxiety symptomatology among nursing students. Such research will aid in tailoring treatments to assist vulnerable students by targeting counselling and educational efforts toward building a future generation of nurses with reduced cyberchondria, internet addiction and anxiety-related symptomatology.

Competency in nursing practice: a concept analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Competency denotes the ability to execute a certain task or action with the necessary knowledge. Competency definitions and measurements are challenging for nursing and other professions due to their multidimensional aspects. This study aimed to clarify the concept of competency in nursing practice and propose an accurate definition. DESIGN: Walker and Avant's approach was used to elucidate the concept of competency in nursing practice. DATA SOURCES: ScienceDirect, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus and CINAHL were searched from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included studies with the keywords: "concept analysis", "competence", "competency" and "nursing". The search was limited to full-text studies written in English that used theoretical and empirical approaches. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: We extracted the concept's uses, defining attributes, and the consequences and antecedents of the concept. RESULTS: 60 articles were identified from the search process; after excluding duplicates and works unrelated to the study aim and context following the full-text screening, 10 articles were included in this concept analysis. The common defining attributes of competency were knowledge, self-assessment and dynamic state. Competency in nursing practice had many reported positive consequences that include but are not limited to improved patient, nurse and organisational outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses can benefit from the result of this analysis in practice to implement professional care, in particular clinical contexts and situations to enhance patients' health.

How does authentic leadership influence the safety climate in nursing?

BACKGROUND: Authentic leadership controls quality care and the safety of patients and healthcare professionals, especially nurses. AIM: This study examined the influence of nurses' authentic leadership on the safety climate. METHODS: In this predictive research, 314 Jordanian nurses from various hospitals were convenience sampled for cross-sectional and correlational design. This research included all hospital nurses with 1 year of experience, at least at the present hospital. SPSS (V.25) conducted descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses. As needed, sample variables' means, SD and frequencies were supplied. RESULTS: The mean scores on the entire Authentic Leadership Questionnaire and its subscales were moderate. The mean score of the SCS was below 4 (out of 5), indicating negative safety climate perceptions. A significant positive moderate association was found between nurses' authentic leadership and safety climate. Nurses' authentic leadership predicted a safe climate. Internalised moral and balanced processing subscales were significant predictors of safety climate. Being woman and having a diploma inversely predicted the nurses' authentic leadership; however, the model was insignificant. CONCLUSION: Interventions are needed to enhance the perception of the safety climate in hospitals. Nurses' authentic leadership increases their perceptions of a positive safety climate, and thus different strategies to build on nurses' authentic leadership characteristics are warranted. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The negative perceptions of the safety climate mandate that organisations create strategies to increase nurses' awareness about the safety climate. Shared leadership, learning environments and information sharing would improve nurses' perceptions of the safety climate. Future studies should examine other variables influencing safety climate with a more extensive and randomised sample. Safety climate and authentic leadership should be integrated into the nursing curricula and continuing education courses.

Attributes, skills and actions of clinical leadership in nursing as reported by hospital nurses: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Research shows a significant growth in clinical leadership from a nursing perspective; however, clinical leadership is still misunderstood in all clinical environments. Until now, clinical leaders were rarely seen in hospitals' top management and leadership roles. PURPOSE: This study surveyed the attributes and skills of clinical nursing leadership and the actions that effective clinical nursing leaders can do. METHODS: In 2020, a cross-sectional design was used in the current study using an online survey, with a non-random purposive sample of 296 registered nurses from teaching, public and private hospitals and areas of work in Jordan, yielding a 66% response rate. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis of frequency and central tendency measures, and comparisons were performed using independent t-tests. RESULTS: The sample consists mostly of junior nurses. The 'most common' attributes associated with clinical nursing leadership were effective communication, clinical competence, approachability, role model and support. The 'least common' attribute associated with clinical nursing leadership was 'controlling'. The top-rated skills of clinical leaders were having a strong moral character, knowing right and wrong and acting appropriately. Leading change and service improvement were clinical leaders' top-rated actions. An independent t-test on key variables revealed substantial differences between male and female nurses regarding the actions and skills of effective clinical nursing leadership. CONCLUSIONS: The current study looked at clinical leadership in Jordan's healthcare system, focusing on the role of gender in clinical nursing leadership. The findings advocate for clinical leadership by nurses as an essential element of value-based practice, and they influence innovation and change. As clinical leaders in various hospitals and healthcare settings, more empirical work is needed to build on clinical nursing in general and the attributes, skills and actions of clinical nursing leadership of nursing leaders and nurses.

The Experience of Being Male Nurse: Exploring the Enhancing Factors and Barriers of Jordanian Nursing Students.

Introduction: Despite advances in health care and education, males continue to be considered a minority in nursing programs. Little is known about the decision of Jordanian male nursing students to become nurses. Objective: The purpose of this research was to explore the factors that encourage or discourage Jordanian male nursing students from pursuing a career in nursing. Methods: A qualitative narrative approach was used for this study. Data were collected using semi-structured individual interviews. Purposive sampling was used in the research. In this study, interviews were conducted with a sample of 28 male college students. Results: The current study discovered that the following six themes exemplified the male nursing students' lives: "helping and caring," "job security and economic stability," "parents and peer influence," "level of autonomy," "social stigma," and "long working hours." Conclusion: The study's findings highlighted the importance of researching male nursing students' motivating and inhibiting factors.

Understanding the factors influencing the implementation of accreditation in Jordanian Hospitals: the nurses' view.

BACKGROUND: Accreditation practices are influenced by many variables, resulting in positive outcomes, such as enhanced motivation among the hospital staff. Motivation among the physician and nurses directly impacts the service quality of the hospitals. Accreditation increases organisational capacity, which may improve hospitals' overall performance. This study aimed at assessing the factors influencing the implementation of accreditation in Jordanian hospitals. METHOD: This study employed a qualitative approach. As a result, 40 nurses were recruited from two public hospitals with varying experience and specialties. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews. Interviews were conducted with a total of 40 hospital nurses, who were selected based on convenience and purposeful sampling. RESULTS: Communication, recruiting qualified and effective hospital directors, patient involvement and engagement and teamwork influenced the implementation of accreditation in Jordanian hospitals. CONCLUSION: The implementation of the accreditation process is influenced by many factors. Therefore, focusing more on these factors while using the views and experiences of nurses involved in this process will significantly impact the implementation of the accreditation process in various clinical settings, particularly hospitals.

Nurses' authentic leadership and their perceptions of safety climate: differences across areas of work and hospitals.

PURPOSE: This study aims to compare nurses' authentic leadership and perceptions of the safety climate and concepts association according to different areas of work and types of hospitals. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A cross-sectional design was used to conduct this comparative study on 314 Jordanian nurses. The Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) and the Safety Climate Survey (SCS) were used. FINDINGS: Nurses in private hospitals were more educated. True leadership was mild. Unit nurses had higher ALQ and subscale mean scores. Armed forces hospitals had the highest ALQ subscales, while governmental hospitals had the lowest. The ALQ mean scores favored military hospitals. Governmental hospitals have a negative safety climate. Unit nurses had a higher SCS mean than ward nurses. Military, governmental and private hospitals are rated the safest. Nurses benefited from higher SCS scores in military hospitals. Nurses' ALQ and safety climate perceptions were moderately positive. RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: A larger, randomized and equal-sized sample is recommended in future studies to conclude different areas of work and hospitals. It is also recommended to report the confidence interval in further studies using different statistical methods, increasing confidence when interpreting statistical significance variables. Other mediating, moderating and predicting variables could be studied and compared across different areas of work and types of hospitals. Sample characteristics should be handled as confounding variables in the next planned study using various ways to control confounding variables such as randomization, restriction, matching, regression and statistical control. The authors plan to statistically control for the confounding variables by entering them into the regression model. Future studies could investigate safety culture; both safety culture and safety climate are formative and inclusive terms (Experts Insight, 2017). PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This paper fills in the gap in the literature and practice. Authentic leadership is associated with safety climate perceptions and varies across different areas of work and hospitals. Interventions are required to improve safety climate perceptions and promote authentic leadership in all settings and hospitals. Military hospitals ranked the highest in nurses' perceptions of authentic leadership and safety climate. SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS: The current study's favorable association between authentic leadership and safety climate measurement would apply to many high-risk institutions, including public and private hospitals. It becomes necessary to include the impacts of authentic leadership on the safe climate within the nursing curriculum and continuing education courses. This may be put into action by executing a hands-on activity, followed by information and reflection conversations that highlight the link between authentic leadership and safety climate measurement. According to the findings of this study, authentic leadership appears to be a basic block in making a difference in nurses' views of safety climate. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Authentic leadership style is a relatively new concept in the health-care sector, and its link to safety climate security still needs empirical evidence. It is still unclear how leadership resulted in more effective outcomes (Maziero et al., 2020). Few studies investigated both the concepts of authentic leadership and the nursing safety climate (Dirik and Intepeler, 2017; Lee et al., 2019a; Woo and Han, 2018). Aside from the scarcity of studies, no study has compared "working area," "department" or "hospital type" concepts. Few comparative studies have been conducted using concepts of interest. For example, authentic leadership was linked to empowerment and burnout (Laschinger et al., 2013) and nurses' satisfaction with safety climates (Vatani et al., 2021). No research has examined authentic leadership in Jordan's nursing and health-care context. Few studies focused on the safety climate other than authentic leadership (Abualrub et al., 2012) or the safety culture in Jordan rather than the safety climate (Khater et al., 2015).

Does cyberchondria predict Internet addiction among students during the COVID-19 pandemic? A web-based survey study.

BACKGROUND: Previous literature has investigated the association of this phenomenon and Internet addiction. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted to elucidate the predictive associations among these concepts among students. OBJECTIVE: This study reported students' cyberchondria and Internet addiction, and it examined whether cyberchondria predicts Internet addiction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, cross-sectional data were collected using a web survey from a convenience snowball sample of 143 students enrolled in e-learning courses at a governmental university. RESULTS: A moderate level of cyberchondria and a mild level of Internet addiction was evident among students. A moderate level of cyberchondria and a mild level of Internet addiction was evident among students. Moderate to high significant correlations were reported among the studied concepts and with the sample's characteristics. Cyberchondria and unavailability of the Internet at school were predictors of Internet addiction. IMPLICATIONS: Healthcare providers, including nurses, should provide information that preserves students' mental health during stressful periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic and should offer clear instructions on stress and anxiety management during such times. A longer scale, especially for cyberchondria, is warranted in future research with a random and larger sample. CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that cyberchondria serves as a predictor of Internet addiction, contrary to findings of previous studies. Various psychosocial interventions should always be initiated to help students prevent or address cyberchondria and Internet addiction.

Understanding the factors influencing healthcare providers' burnout during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Jordanian hospitals.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. The nature of healthcare providers' occupation puts them at an increased risk of getting any contagious disease, including COVID-19. They are on the front line of the COVID-19 outbreak response and as such are at risk of contracting this virus. The infectious disease started from China in December 2019 and spread rapidly throughout countries, including Jordan. Especially, recent studies indicated that Jordanian healthcare providers' work conditions and demographic are significant factors for healthcare providers' burnout. Additionally, burnout has been increased among healthcare providers in Jordanian hospital. AIM: The present investigation aims to better understand the factors affecting pharmacists', physicians', and nurses' burnout during the outbreak of COVID-19 to provide basic information for lowering and preventing the level of burnout in Jordanian hospitals. METHOD: This study is qualitative in nature, adopting face-to-face interviews as the key instrument of data collection in one hospital in Jordan. The sample interviewed consisted of 30 healthcare providers in total (10 nurses, 10 physicians. and 10 pharmacists). RESULT: Three key factors to healthcare providers' burnout were identified in the sampled hospitals: job stress, staff and resource adequacy, fear of COVID-19 infection, and interprofessional relationships in healthcare practice. The examination also offers recommendations for lowering and preventing healthcare providers' burnout in Jordanian hospitals. CONCLUSION: This study explored the main factors of healthcare providers' burnout during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Jordanian hospitals, thereby making an original contribution to existing knowledge, as it is the first empirical exploration of healthcare providers' burnout during the outbreak of COVID-19. As such, it has attempted to offer an in-depth understanding of the factors impacting this issue.

Benefits of applying for hospital accreditation: The perspective of staff.

AIM: This investigation aimed to explore the benefits associated with implementing an accreditation programme in hospitals in Jordan, from the perspective of doctors and nursing staff. BACKGROUND: Although Jordan is one of the first Arab countries in the Middle East to adopt accreditation standards, little has been identified with regard to the benefits of implementing accreditation for the quality of health care in Jordanian hospitals. METHOD: A qualitative approach was employed in this project. Face-to-face interviews were therefore conducted with 10 nurses at different levels and 10 doctors, including different specialists from two Jordanian hospitals (one private and one public). RESULT: Four key benefits of accreditation were recognized in the sampled hospitals: quality improvement, patient satisfaction, patient safety, cost-effectiveness and improved reputation. CONCLUSION: This study has tried to offer an in-depth understanding of the impact of this programme. The results reveal that while professionals project a positive attitude to accreditation, their opinions are built on substantial information and supported by evidence-based study or monitoring plans, which could determine and quantify the precise benefits of accreditation in terms of quality. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: This investigation may be important for nurses, especially in managerial positions. Recommendations for implementing accreditation in Jordanian hospitals were derived from this examination.