The current markers of cancer stem cell in oral cancers.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) constitute 5% of all reported cancers. Among all, the oral cavity cancer is the most frequent type of HNC which accounts for over half of HNC cases. Mouth cancer ranks the sixth leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Generally, conventional chemotherapy has shown success at decreasing relapse and metastasis rates and improves the overall prognosis. Recently, target therapy and targeted drug delivery systems have been introduced as promising treatments. The elimination of efficiency of current therapeutic strategies due to the spared cancer stem cells that cause chemotherapy resistance, relapse and metastasis. Inefficiency methodologies in the elimination of all cancer cells in the body are a major problem that remained to be resolved before to confront the new cancer therapies. Many studies imply to cancer stem cell markers as important agents for targeted anti-cancer as well as improving chemotherapy efficiencies. The potentials of targeted cancer therapy led us to search for novel markers in the mouth cancer stem cells especially in rare cancers. The aimed of this research was, first a comprehensive critical review of the previous studies on the markers of cancer stem cells in oral cancers including oral squamous cell carcinoma, salivary gland cancers, and to highlight the most common cancer stem cell markers which have potential to be exploited as indicators for the preneoplastic lesion malignancy, oral cancer progression, and/or treatment prognosis.

Association between the clinical severity of oral lichen planus and anti-TPO level in thyroid patients.

This study considered a possible relationship between the severity of oral lichen planus (OLP), serum anti-TPO autoantibodies (TPOAb) titer and thyroid disease in OLP patients. Forty-six OLP patients with positive TPOAb results (> 35 IU/ml) who had also been diagnosed with thyroid disease were included in the study group. The control group consisted of 46OLP patients with no thyroid disease. The study and control groups (92) were divided to two subgroups of erosive OLP (EOLP) and non-erosive OLP (NEOLP). Serum TPOAb levels and IL-8 (to measure OLP severity) were evaluated using the independent t-test, chi-square and conditional logistic regression analysis (α = 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between serum IL-8 and TPOAb levels in the study group (r = 0.783; p = 0.001). The positive blood levels of TPOAb were significantly associated with an increased risk of EOLP (OR = 4.02 at 95%CI; 1.21-13.4; p = 0.023). It is possible to used positive serum TPOAb levels in patients with OLP as in indicator of possible undetected thyroid disorders in those patients. Because erosive OLP has been associated with TPOAb in thyroid patients, it may be useful to determine TPOAb levels of such patients to diagnose a possible undetected thyroid disorders and follow-up for malignancy.

Association between the clinical severity of oral lichen planus and anti-TPO level in thyroid patients

Abstract This study considered a possible relationship between the severity of oral lichen planus (OLP), serum anti-TPO autoantibodies (TPOAb) titer and thyroid disease in OLP patients. Forty-six OLP patients with positive TPOAb results (> 35 IU/ml) who had also been diagnosed with thyroid disease were included in the study group. The control group consisted of 46OLP patients with no thyroid disease. The study and control groups (92) were divided to two subgroups of erosive OLP (EOLP) and non-erosive OLP (NEOLP). Serum TPOAb levels and IL-8 (to measure OLP severity) were evaluated using the independent t-test, chi-square and conditional logistic regression analysis (α = 0.05). A significant positive correlation was found between serum IL-8 and TPOAb levels in the study group (r = 0.783; p = 0.001). The positive blood levels of TPOAb were significantly associated with an increased risk of EOLP (OR = 4.02 at 95%CI; 1.21–13.4; p = 0.023). It is possible to used positive serum TPOAb levels in patients with OLP as in indicator of possible undetected thyroid disorders in those patients. Because erosive OLP has been associated with TPOAb in thyroid patients, it may be useful to determine TPOAb levels of such patients to diagnose a possible undetected thyroid disorders and follow-up for malignancy.

Salivary levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are elevated in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). IL-6 and TNF-α are toxins which deteriorate renal function, and their pathogenic role has been confirmed in cardiovascular and oral diseases. This study was designed to investigate the salivary levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis (HD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with ESRD who were treated with 4 h HD sessions, with low flux membrane were included in this cross-sectional study. Average Kt/V index in patients was 1.19 ± 0.1. Twenty age-sex-matched healthy controls with no infectious diseases during 1 month before saliva sampling were selected. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected and TNF-α and IL-6, concentrations were measured using human IL-6 and TNF-α ELISA kits. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data using SPSS (α = 0.05). RESULTS: There was a significant difference between dialysis and control groups regarding the salivary levels of TNF-α (P = 0.034) and IL-6 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Considering the results of this study and reported role of inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and oral diseases, measurement of salivary IL-6 and TNF-α in HD patients may help in risk stratification of HD patients and in planning pertinent preventive strategies.

Immunologic and psychologic parameters associated with geographic tongue.

OBJECTIVE: Several conditions have been associated with geographic tongue (GT). However, there is no consensus on the etiology of GT. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether immunologic and psychologic parameters are associated with diagnosis of GT. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study was performed on 170 participants (85 with GT, 85 controls). Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) concentrations were measured. Anxiety level was measured using psychologic and physiologic testing instruments. An independent t test and a Pearson correlation analysis were performed with SPSS (α = .05). RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the 2 groups regarding the salivary concentrations of TNF-α (P = .008) and IL-6 (P = .001). The concentration of salivary cortisol and state and trait anxiety levels in the GT group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Immunologic and psychologic parameters appear associated with GT and may constitute risk factors of this condition.