[3D-TECHNOLOGIES AS A CORE ELEMENT OF PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF VIRTUAL AND ACTUAL RENAL SURGERY].

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the role of modern computer technologies in performing virtual and actual renal tumor surgery. Currently 3D modeling makes it possible to clearly define strategy and tactics of an individual patient treatment.

[UROLOGY LESSONS FOR COLORECTAL SURGEONS].

The anatomical and functional relationship of the pelvic organs is a prerequisite to the development of complications when performing surgical procedures in this anatomical region. Prevention and timely diagnosis of intraoperative injuries of both the urinary system organs and intestine, as well as well-coordinated work of urologist and colorectal surgeon team offer the opportunity to employ optimal tactics for the patient management.

[THE ROLE OF 3D-COMPUTER SIMULATION IN IMPROVING THE STAGHORN NEPHROLITHIASIS TREATMENT RESULTS].

This article presents the experience of applying 3D-computer simulation for treatment planning in patients with coral kidney stones. The impact of the kidney internal structure and the nephrolithiasis stage on the treatment results of the patients with staghorn stones are analyzed on the basis of authors' own experience. They note the usefulness of computer modeling in preoperative planning for improving the treatment results and preventing intraoperative complications.

[TISSUE-ENGINEERED SUBSTITUTION URETHROPLASTY BASED ON DECELLULARIZED VASCULAR MATRIX AND AUTOLOGOUS CELLS OF THE BUCCAL MUCOSA: THE FIRST EXPERIENCE].

Urethral strictures and anomalies remain a challenging urological problem. Reconstructive plastic surgery has been shown to be the most effective way to treat them. There are two main types of urethroplasty: anastomosis (anastomotic urethroplasty) and expansion of the urethral lumen using of flaps and grafts (substitution urethroplasty). Currently the ideal material for substitution urethroplasty does not exist. Tissue engineering of the urethra seems to be one of the most promising approaches to address this problem. Various tissues-engineering techniques were proposed for substitution urethroplasty. In this study, tissue-engineering design was based on the decellularized cadaveric arterial wall. The study results demonstrated the feasibility of creating stable tissue-engineered structures with autologous cultured epithelial cells of the buccal mucosa and decellularized matrix from human cadaveric arterial wall (DMCAW). There was a complete engraftment of tissue-engineering design based on DMCAW and buccal mucosa cells, used for substitution urethroplasty in a patient with the bulbar urethral stricture. Postoperatively (within 4 months after surgery) no complications and/or adverse events were observed. However, in the late postoperative period (12 months) there was recurrence of urethral stricture in the middle of the tissue-engineering design and the native urethra that warranted another surgery. Tissue-engineering design based on DMCAW and autologous buccal mucosa is safe as a material for substitution urethroplasty. Further research is required to ascertain the effectiveness of the method.

[3D-TECHNOLOGY AS AN ELEMENT OF PLANNING, EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION AND SURGICAL SIMULATION TRAINING IN STAGHORN NEPHROLITHIASIS MANAGEMENT].

Daily practice of a physician of any specialty is incomplete without an analysis of the data derived from the use of various imaging techniques. Over the past decade, there have been significant changes in the understanding of the clinical anatomy of the patient, which is largely the result of the introduction of modern computer technology in medicine.

[COMPUTER-ASSISTED SURGERY FOR RENAL TUMORS].

The main objective of this article is to show the role of modern computer technology in performing virtual and real surgical procedures for renal tumors. At the present time, 3D based modeling makes it possible to preoperatively identify individual strategy and tactics of treatment of a patient.

[TRANSURETHRAL CONTACT URETERAL LITHOTRIPSY IN A GASEOUS (CO2) MEDIUM].

The paper describes for the first time the method of contact ureteral lithotripsy in gaseous (CO2) medium. It presents the results of a comparative study of urolithiasis patients treated with this treatment modality (study group, n=30) and with traditional contact ureteral lithotripsy in liquid medium (control group, n=30). The incidence of retrograde migration of calculus in the kidney in the study group was 0%, while it was 16.6% in the control group. Acute or exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis was diagnosed in only 3 (10%) patients in the control group. The suggested method of contact ureteral lithotripsy is safe and provides several advantages over traditional contact ureteral lithotripsy in a fluid medium, such as: physiologic validity, absence of calculus hypermobility (increased mobility), improved visualization during surgery and high cost effectiveness.

[SEXUAL FUNCTION OF PATIENTS UNDERGOING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY: A MODERN VIEW OF THE PROBLEM].

Radical prostatectomy (RP) is deemed to be the most effective standard treatment option for men with prostate cancer (PC). However, RP is accompanied by a number of complications leading to a substantial decline in the quality of sexual life of operated patients. Major complications of RP include: decreased sex drive, deterioration of erectile function, deformation of the penis, abnormal ejaculation and orgasmic dysfunction. Based on the current literature, the article deals with the issue of prevention and rehabilitation of patients after radical prostatectomy, describes the methods of conservative and surgical correction of complications, associated with surgical treatment of PC.

[FLEXIBLE NEPHSCOPY AND NEPHROLITOEXTRACTION IN A GASEOUS MEDIUM (CO2) IN A PATIENT WITH RESIDUAL CALCULI OF THE RIGHT KIDNEY].

Flexible endoscopy is an integral part of modern endourology. However, the use of flexible endoscopes in a liquid medium predispose to some difficulties and disadvantages of this technique. This article presents a clinical observation of use of a flexible nephroscope for extraction of residual calculi in a gaseous medium (CO2) in a patient with residual calculi of the right kidney.