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1.
Cureus ; 15(10): e46707, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38022091

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing and shortness of breath. Currently, there is no cure for asthma. However, through accurate diagnosis, appropriate therapy, and effective management strategies, individuals with asthma can achieve a better quality of life. This study focused on determining the prevalence and environmental risk factors of pediatric asthma among children in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was undertaken from January 2023 to August 2023, encompassing five key regions in Saudi Arabia: Central, Eastern, Northern, Southern, and Western. A structured online questionnaire was disseminated to parents/guardians of children aged 2-18 with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma. The objective was to garner insights regarding pediatric asthma prevalence and associated risk factors within these regions. The questionnaire was designed with considerations for sociodemographic factors, environmental exposures, and known asthma triggers. From the survey's distribution, a total of 1666 responses were accumulated and processed for further analysis. RESULTS: The survey saw the participation of 1666 respondents. The age bracket of 8-13 years had the highest representation, accounting for 52.5% of the total participants. From the total cohort, 26.9% had been diagnosed with pediatric asthma. It was also observed that 56.7% of the participants resided in areas marked by high traffic or were proximate to busy roads. Additionally, 30.7% of the respondents pinpointed specific times in the year when asthma symptoms intensified. When dissecting the data, it was discerned that there were statistically significant associations between the prevalence of pediatric asthma, gender, and the regions of Saudi Arabia with reference to air pollution exposure. Notably, gender had an odds ratio of 1.12, while the regional distribution held an odds ratio of 1. CONCLUSION: Our study vividly highlights the intricate landscape of pediatric asthma across Saudi Arabia, indicating its prevalence and drawing attention to associated risk factors. Noteworthy observations include the pronounced impact of gender and regional variances, particularly concerning air pollution exposure, on asthma incidence. The insights gleaned from this research are invaluable in steering the formulation and implementation of strategic interventions geared towards bolstering children's health and enhancing their life quality in regions bearing the brunt of pediatric asthma.

2.
Cureus ; 15(9): e46149, 2023 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37900520

RESUMO

Introduction Clinical data about the first and second most prominent waves of SARS-CoV-2 among pediatric cancer patients were inconsistent. This study aims to retrospectively report the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric oncology patients. Methods This is an observational, retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care oncology center from March 2020 to May 2022. We reviewed the prevalence, severity of symptoms, and duration of positivity in relation to blood count laboratory data and mortality with a follow-up of 30 days post-infection for SARS-CoV-2. Results A total of 396 PCR tests were performed on 342 pediatric cancer patients. The overall rate of SARS-CoV-2 positivity was 43.1% (2.7% in the first wave and 95.4% in the second wave). Among 342 screened pediatric cancer patients, 72 patients had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positivity in 92 different episodes. Nearly 59% had a mild or moderate infection, with fever and cough as the predominant presentations. The mean duration of positivity was 18.4±7.76 days. Comparing the laboratory values before and after acquiring the COVID-19 infection, only monocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets were statistically significantly affected, with P-values of 0.002, 0.03, 0.02, and 0.01, respectively. More than 18% of patients had grade 3 to 4 neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count=0.39±0.35) before COVID-19 infection and remained neutropenic throughout the disease, regardless of symptom severity. The mean recovery time was 13.67±8 days, which resulted in a delay in cancer treatment delivery of up to four weeks in 42.2% of patients. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that pediatric cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection have a mild to moderate course of COVID-19 disease, with the majority being symptomatic, yet a great portion of our study population experienced treatment interruptions reaching up to four weeks caused by COVID-19.

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