RESUMO
Nairoviridae is a family for negative-sense RNA viruses with genomes of about 17.2-21.1 kb. These viruses are maintained in and/or transmitted by arthropods among birds, reptiles and mammals. Norwaviruses and orthonairoviruses can cause febrile illness in humans. Several orthonairoviruses can infect mammals, causing mild, severe and sometimes, fatal diseases. Nairovirids produce enveloped virions containing two or three single-stranded RNA segments with open reading frames that encode a nucleoprotein (N), sometimes a glycoprotein precursor (GPC), and a large (L) protein containing an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) domain. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) report on the family Nairoviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/nairoviridae.
Assuntos
Genoma Viral , Animais , Humanos , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Proteínas Virais/genética , Nairovirus/genética , Nairovirus/classificação , Nairovirus/isolamento & purificação , RNA Viral/genética , Filogenia , Vírion/ultraestrutura , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/genéticaRESUMO
In April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
Assuntos
Vírus de RNA de Sentido Negativo , Vírus de RNA , Vírus de RNA/genética , RNA Polimerase Dependente de RNA/genéticaRESUMO
In March 2022, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by two new families (bunyaviral Discoviridae and Tulasviridae), 41 new genera, and 98 new species. Three hundred forty-nine species were renamed and/or moved. The accidentally misspelled names of seven species were corrected. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
Assuntos
Mononegavirais , Vírus , Humanos , Mononegavirais/genética , FilogeniaRESUMO
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is the medically most important member of the rapidly expanding bunyaviral family Nairoviridae. Traditionally, CCHFV isolates have been assigned to six distinct genotypes. Here, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Nairoviridae Study Group outlines the reasons for the recent decision to re-classify genogroup VI (aka Europe-2 or AP-92-like) as a distinct virus, Aigai virus (AIGV).
Assuntos
Vírus da Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia-Congo , Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia , Genótipo , Vírus da Febre Hemorrágica da Crimeia-Congo/genética , HumanosRESUMO
In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
Assuntos
Mononegavirais , Vírus , HumanosRESUMO
In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.
Assuntos
Mononegavirais/classificação , Terminologia como AssuntoRESUMO
In February 2019, following the annual taxon ratification vote, the order Bunyavirales was amended by creation of two new families, four new subfamilies, 11 new genera and 77 new species, merging of two species, and deletion of one species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
Assuntos
Bunyaviridae/classificação , Bunyaviridae/genética , Genoma Viral/genética , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genéticaRESUMO
In October 2018, the order Bunyavirales was amended by inclusion of the family Arenaviridae, abolishment of three families, creation of three new families, 19 new genera, and 14 new species, and renaming of three genera and 22 species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Bunyavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
Assuntos
Arenaviridae/classificação , Animais , Arenaviridae/genética , Arenaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Arenaviridae/virologia , Humanos , FilogeniaRESUMO
In 2018, the family Arenaviridae was expanded by inclusion of 1 new genus and 5 novel species. At the same time, the recently established order Bunyavirales was expanded by 3 species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the family Arenaviridae and the order Bunyavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and summarizes additional taxonomic proposals that may affect the order in the near future.
Assuntos
Arenaviridae/classificação , Animais , Arenaviridae/genética , Arenaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Arenaviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Arenaviridae/virologia , Humanos , FilogeniaRESUMO
In 2007, numerous hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) died suddenly in an aviary of a primate institute in Sochi, Russia, in the absence of prior clinical signs. Necropsies were suggestive of encephalomyocarditis virus infection, but RT-PCR assays with commonly used primers were negative. Here we report the histopathological results obtained during necropsies and the isolation and genomic characterization of a divergent strain of encephalomyocarditis virus 1 (EMCV-1) from heart tissue of one of the succumbed hamadryas baboons. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that the isolated virus belongs to the newly proposed EMCV-1 lineage G, which clusters alongside lineage C ("Mengo virus"). This study is the first report describing a lineage G strain of EMCV-1 as the etiological agent of a lethal disease outbreak among captive nonhuman primates in Europe.
Assuntos
Infecções por Cardiovirus/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Vírus da Encefalomiocardite/genética , Genoma Viral , Papio hamadryas/virologia , RNA Viral/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Animais de Zoológico , Autopsia , Infecções por Cardiovirus/mortalidade , Infecções por Cardiovirus/patologia , Infecções por Cardiovirus/virologia , DNA Complementar/química , DNA Complementar/genética , Vírus da Encefalomiocardite/classificação , Vírus da Encefalomiocardite/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Encefalomiocardite/patogenicidade , Coração/virologia , Filogenia , Federação Russa/epidemiologia , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
The bunyaviral monogeneric family Nairoviridae currently includes 12 species for 35 distinct viruses. Here, we present the complete genome coding sequences of an additional seven nairoviruses. Five of them can be assigned to established species, whereas two of them (Artashat and Chim viruses) ought to be assigned to two novel species.
RESUMO
The family Arteriviridae presently includes a single genus Arterivirus. This genus includes four species as the taxonomic homes for equine arteritis virus (EAV), lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV), porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV), and simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV), respectively. A revision of this classification is urgently needed to accommodate the recent description of eleven highly divergent simian arteriviruses in diverse African nonhuman primates, one novel arterivirus in an African forest giant pouched rat, and a novel arterivirus in common brushtails in New Zealand. In addition, the current arterivirus nomenclature is not in accordance with the most recent version of the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature. Here we outline an updated, amended, and improved arterivirus taxonomy based on current data. Taxon-specific sequence cut-offs are established relying on a newly established open reading frame 1b phylogeny and pairwise sequence comparison (PASC) of coding-complete arterivirus genomes. As a result, the current genus Arterivirus is replaced by five genera: Equartevirus (for EAV), Rodartevirus (LDV + PRRSV), Simartevirus (SHFV + simian arteriviruses), Nesartevirus (for the arterivirus from forest giant pouched rats), and Dipartevirus (common brushtail arterivirus). The current species Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is divided into two species to accommodate the clear divergence of the European and American "types" of PRRSV, both of which now receive virus status. The current species Simian hemorrhagic fever virus is divided into nine species to accommodate the twelve known simian arteriviruses. Non-Latinized binomial species names are introduced to replace all current species names to clearly differentiate them from virus names, which remain largely unchanged.
Assuntos
Arteriviridae/classificação , Arteriviridae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Vírus de RNA/veterinária , Arteriviridae/genética , Análise por Conglomerados , Genoma Viral , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genética , Homologia de Sequência , Terminologia como AssuntoRESUMO
The family Bunyaviridae has more than 530 members that are distributed among five genera or remain to be classified. The genus Orthobunyavirus is the most diverse bunyaviral genus with more than 220 viruses that have been assigned to more than 18 serogroups based on serological cross-reactions and limited molecular-biological characterization. Sequence information for all three orthobunyaviral genome segments is only available for viruses belonging to the Bunyamwera, Bwamba/Pongola, California encephalitis, Gamboa, Group C, Mapputta, Nyando, and Simbu serogroups. Here we present coding-complete sequences for all three genome segments of 15 orthobunyaviruses belonging to the Anopheles A, Capim, Guamá, Kongool, Tete, and Turlock serogroups, and of two unclassified bunyaviruses previously not known to be orthobunyaviruses (Tataguine and Witwatersrand viruses). Using those sequence data, we established the most comprehensive phylogeny of the Orthobunyavirus genus to date, now covering 15 serogroups. Our results emphasize the high genetic diversity of orthobunyaviruses and reveal that the presence of the small nonstructural protein (NSs)-encoding open reading frame is not as common in orthobunyavirus genomes as previously thought.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Orthobunyavirus/classificação , Orthobunyavirus/genética , Filogenia , Genoma Viral , RNA Viral/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Sorogrupo , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genéticaRESUMO
Simian hemorrhagic fever (SHF) is lethal for macaques. Based on clinical presentation and serological diagnosis, all reported SHF outbreaks were thought to be caused by different strains of the same virus, simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV; Arteriviridae). Here we show that the SHF outbreaks in Sukhumi in 1964 and in Alamogordo in 1989 were caused not by SHFV but by two novel divergent arteriviruses. Our results indicate that multiple divergent simian arteriviruses can cause SHF.
Assuntos
Infecções por Arterivirus/veterinária , Arterivirus/isolamento & purificação , Febres Hemorrágicas Virais/veterinária , Macaca/virologia , Doenças dos Primatas/virologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Arterivirus/classificação , Arterivirus/genética , Arterivirus/fisiologia , Infecções por Arterivirus/história , Infecções por Arterivirus/virologia , Evolução Molecular , Febres Hemorrágicas Virais/história , Febres Hemorrágicas Virais/virologia , História do Século XX , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Doenças dos Primatas/história , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Proteínas Virais/química , Proteínas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
We report here the complete genome sequence of a Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolate, NDV/Altai/pigeon/770/2011, isolated from a rock dove in the Russian Federation. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, this strain was clustered into genotype VIb class II.
RESUMO
Simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV) variant NIH LVR42-0/M6941 is the only remaining SHFV in culture, and only a single genome sequence record exists in GenBank/RefSeq. We compared the genomic sequence of NIH LVR42-0/M6941 acquired from the ATCC in 2011 to NIH LVR42-0/M6941 genomes sequenced directly from nonhuman primates experimentally infected in 1989.
