Health infrastructure evaluations of trading partners for equivalence: Why they are important and current hurdles for One Health collaboration.

The history of trade has numerous examples of movement of diseases and pests. Nations institute barriers to protect human, animal, and plant populations from incursions; sometimes successfully, sometimes not. The World Trade Organization and international standard-setting bodies (ISSB) are multilateral organizations that promote equitable treatment and safe trade. Equivalence of outcome is a concept that crosses animal, human, and environmental health standards. Loosely defined, it is taken to mean achieving a similar reduction in risk by different methods. Countries conduct assessments known as health infrastructure evaluations (HIE) to allow safe trade in commodities of food, plant, and animal origin. This review analyzes the use of HIE for trade purposes, with an added focus on their One Health context. The goal is to identify areas of HIE in which a One Health approach could assist in achieving the goal of "treating like partners alike," thereby fostering transparent decision-making in trade negotiations, a key obligation under World Trade Organization rules.

Évaluations des infrastructures de santé des partenaires commerciaux pour l'équivalence : pourquoi elles sont importantes et des obstacles actuels à la collaboration Une seule santéL'histoire du commerce regorge d'exemples de mouvements de maladies et de ravageurs. Les nations instituent des barrières pour protéger les populations humaines, animales et végétales des incursions; parfois avec succès, parfois non. L'Organisation mondiale du commerce et les organismes internationaux de normalisation (ISSB) sont des organisations multilatérales qui font la promotion d'un traitement équitable et d'un commerce sûr. L'équivalence des résultats est un concept qui traverse les normes de santé animale, humaine et environnementale. De manière vague, cela signifie parvenir à une réduction similaire du risque par différentes méthodes. Les pays mènent des évaluations connues sous le nom d'évaluations des infrastructures sanitaires (HIE) pour permettre un commerce sûr des produits d'origine alimentaire, végétale et animale. Cette revue analyse l'utilisation des HIE à des fins commerciales, en mettant davantage l'accent sur leur contexte Une seule santé. L'objectif est d'identifier les domaines de l'HIE dans lesquels une approche Une seule santé pourrait contribuer à atteindre l'objectif de « traiter comme des partenaires sur un pied d'égalité ¼, favorisant ainsi une prise de décision transparente dans les négociations commerciales, une obligation clé en vertu des règles de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce.(Traduit par Dr Serge Messier).

No efficacy of biofield therapy in the treatment of warts of the hands and feet in adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Although biofield therapy is unexplained by scientific evidence, it has been practised for many years in numerous cultures for a variety of medical conditions. This study aimed to determine whether one session of biofield therapy with an experienced practitioner could treat warts on the hands and feet in adults. A single-blind, assessor-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was performed between April 2016 and November 2018. The enrolled participants had at least one wart on the hand or foot that had been present for at least 90 days and they were not using any other therapy for the wart. The primary outcome of this trial was the disappearance of the original wart 3 weeks after session of proximal nontouch biofield therapy vs. a sham session. No original wart had disappeared 3 weeks after intervention (0/64), which made the study impossible to conclude on the primary objective. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning wart disappearance 3 weeks (P = 0.49) or 6 weeks (P = 0.40) after the intervention. Reduction in wart size at Week 3 tended towards a better result for biofield therapy but this was not significant (P = 0.27). No related adverse effects were observed. The major limitation of this trial was the short follow-up time for measurement of clinical outcome, which did not allow verification of the hypothesis. However, this study shows that 3 weeks after a session of proximal nontouch biofield therapy is an insufficient length of time to assess biofield therapy in comparison with a sham session. Based on this study, biofield therapy cannot be recommended to treat warts within 3 weeks.

Optical sensors and the salt effect: a dual-transducer approach to acidity determination in a salt-containing concentrated strong acid.

A dual-transducer approach has been developed to decompose the optical signals of acid sensors in salt-containing concentrated acid solutions and to give acid and salt concentrations in concentrated LiCl-HCl, CaCl2-HCl, and AICl3-HCl solutions, respectively. The optical acid sensors in this approach are films of porous sol-gel SiO2 or SiO2-Nafion composite doped with low-pKa indicators. A novel linear relationship (dA/dCsalt)cCacid = beta x (dA0/dCacid)Csalt = 0 (A = absorbance of the sensor in a salt-containing HCl solution; A0 = absorbance of the sensor in a salt-free acid solution) was found, and the current approach is based on a set of nonlinear equations derived from this relationship.

Microarray sampling-platform fabrication using bubble-jet technology for a biochip system.

The fabrication of microarrays containing PCR-amplified genomic DNA extracts from mice tumors on a Zetaprobe membrane using a modified thermal ink-jet printer is described. A simple and cost-effective procedure for the fabrication of microarrays containing biological samples using a modified bubble-jet printing system is presented. Because of their mass-produced design, ink-jet printers are a much cheaper alternative to conventional spotting techniques. The usefulness of the biochip microarray platform is illustrated by the detection of human fragile histidine triad (FHIT), a tumor suppressor gene. Subcutaneous carcinomas were induced with MKN/FHIT and MKN/E4 cell lines in immunodeficient mice. Several weeks into their development, the tumors from both groups of mice were removed and subjected to DNA extraction by lysis of tissue samples. The extracted DNA samples were amplified by PCR (30 cycles) using the primers corresponding to nucleotides 2 to 18 of the FHIT sequence. The resulting solution was transferred to the individual reservoirs of a three-color cartridge from a conventional thermal ink-jet printer (HP 694C), and arrays were printed on to a Zetaprobe membrane. After spotting, these membranes were used in a hybridization assay, using fluorescent probes, and detected with a biochip.

Novel [1,2]- and [2,3]-Wittig rearrangements of alpha-benzyloxy beta-CF(3)-beta-lactam enolates.

[reaction: see text] alpha-Benzyloxy alpha-CF(3)-beta-lactams are shown to offer the first examples of the enolate [1,2]- and enolate ortho-[2,3]-Wittig rearrangements which provide a unique entry to the alpha-benzyl-alpha-hydroxy lactams and the alpha-aryl-alpha-hydroxy lactams, respectively. Both products are potential precursors of new trifluoromethyl isoserines, and the latter is not accessible via the usual alkylation methodology.

Doped Thin-Film Sensors via a Sol-Gel Process for High-Acidity Determination.

An optical sensor has been developed for high-acidity ([H(+)] = 1-11 M) measurements. The sensor is made of thin films of silica sol-gels doped with an acid indicator. Acid- and base-catalyzed methods to make the sol-gel films have been studied, and the properties of the sol-gel sensors prepared by these methods are discussed. The acid-catalyzed method was found to give more robust films and has been optimized to prepare thin films which are mechanically and chemically stable for a period of at least 3 months. The performance of the sensors resulted in a relative standard deviation of less than 2.5%. The response time is short (1 s), and a small hysteresis was observed during reproducibility measurements with 2-10 M HCl solutions.

A new approach to postanesthesia care unit documentation.

Documentation demonstrates that nursing standards of care have been met. To be an effective tool, a record must be complete and concise. A request to develop PACU care plans became the impetus to revise the PACU record. Perioperative information and physical assessments are data required to formulate individualized plans. Development and implementation of a comprehensive record was a positive outcome of a lengthy but interesting and worthwhile project.

[Recurrent infectious parotiditis in the child (author's transl)]. / Les parotidites infectieuses récidivantes de l'enfant.

On the basis of 18 cases of recurrent parotiditis in the child, the authors offer the current review of this condition: clinical features, radiological features, bacteriological features, course. They emphasize the importance of precise technique during sialography, which must include straight and lateral films. The progress of this condition is characterised by recurrences. These may be avoided by prolonged and appropriate antibiotic therapy. The improvement which takes place at puberty is of etiopathogenic significance. Bucco-dental septis, constantly present, is one of the causes favourising infectious parotiditis in child.