DNA Damage, n-3 Long-Chain PUFA Levels and Proteomic Profile in Brazilian Children and Adolescents.

Fatty acids play a significant role in maintaining cellular and DNA protection and we previously found an inverse relationship between blood levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and DNA damage. The aim of this study was to explore differences in proteomic profiles, for 117 pro-inflammatory proteins, in two previously defined groups of individuals with different DNA damage and EPA and DHA levels. Healthy children and adolescents (n = 140) aged 9 to 13 years old in an urban area of Brazil were divided by k-means cluster test into two clusters of DNA damage (tail intensity) using the comet assay (cluster 1 = 5.9% ± 1.2 and cluster 2 = 13.8% ± 3.1) in our previous study. The cluster with higher DNA damage and lower levels of DHA (6.2 ± 1.6 mg/dL; 5.4 ± 1.3 mg/dL, p = 0.003) and EPA (0.6 ± 0.2 mg/dL; 0.5 ± 0.1 mg/dL, p < 0.001) presented increased expression of the proteins CDK8-CCNC, PIK3CA-PIK3R1, KYNU, and PRKCB, which are involved in pro-inflammatory pathways. Our findings support the hypothesis that low levels of n-3 long-chain PUFA may have a less protective role against DNA damage through expression of pro-inflammatory proteins, such as CDK8-CCNC, PIK3CA-PIK3R1, KYNU, and PRKCB.

Biomarker-based validity of a food frequency questionnaire estimating intake in Brazilian children and adolescents.

This study evaluated the validity of nutrient and food group intakes estimated by an FFQ against biomarkers. A 71-item semiquantitative FFQ was administered to 210 Brazilian children and adolescents aged 9-13 years. Intakes were correlated with biomarkers in plasma and red blood cells. Correlations between nutrients and their biomarkers were presented for animal protein, myristic acid (C14:0), EPA, DHA, ß-carotene, folate, and vitamins B3, B5 and B6. Food groups and biomarkers were correlated as follows: fish products with EPA and DHA; milk and dairy with C14:0, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and vitamin B12; total vegetables and dark green and orange vegetables with ß-carotene; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate with green vegetables; and flour products with para-aminobenzoylglutamic acid. This FFQ is a valid tool for ranking Brazilian children and adolescents according to their intake of several nutrients and food groups.

DNA damage is inversely associated to blood levels of DHA and EPA fatty acids in Brazilian children and adolescents.

This study aimed to investigate the association between DNA damage and blood levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), retinol, beta-carotene and riboflavin in Brazilian children and adolescents. Subjects (n = 140) were healthy boys and girls aged 9 to 13 years in Ribeirão Preto (SP, Brazil). Data collection included anthropometry, assessment of energy intake and blood sampling. DNA damage was evaluated by single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to verify associations between blood concentrations of vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA damage. Multiple regression analyses, k-means cluster, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), adjusted for confounding variables such as age, sex, energy intake, body mass index and total cholesterol (when needed), were applied to confirm the associations. PCA explained 69.4% of the inverse relationships between DNA damage and blood levels of DHA, EPA, retinol, and beta-carotene. Results were confirmed by ANCOVA and multiple regression analyses for DHA and EPA. In conclusion, omega-3-fatty acids were inversely associated with DNA damage in Brazilian children and adolescents and may be a protective factor against the development of future diseases.

Metabo groups in response to micronutrient intervention: Pilot study.

Micronutrients and their metabolites are cofactors in proteins involved in lipid metabolism. The present study was a subproject of the Harmonized Micronutrient Project (ClinTrials.gov # NCT01823744). Twenty participants were randomly selected from 136 children and adolescents that consumed a daily dose of 12 vitamins and 5 minerals supplementation for 6 weeks. The 20 individuals were divided into two pools of 10 individuals, according to their lipid profile at baseline (Pool 1 with lower triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL). The individuals were analyzed at baseline, after 6 weeks of daily supplementation, and after 6 weeks of a washout period in relation to anthropometric, body composition, food intake, lipid profile, micronutrient levels, and iTRAQ proteomic data. Genetic ancestry and its association with vitamin serum levels were also determined. After supplementation, LDL levels decreased while alpha-tocopherol and pantothenic acid levels increased in pool 2; lipid profiles in pool 1 did not change but had higher plasma levels of pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, and pyridoxic acid. In pool 2, expression of some proteins increased, and expression of other ones decreased after intervention, while in pool 1, the same proteins responded inversely or did not change their levels. Plasma alpha-tocopherol and Native American genetic ancestry explained a significant fraction of LDL plasma levels at baseline and in response to the intervention. After intervention, changes in expression of alpha-1 antitrypsin, haptoglobin, Ig alpha-1 chain C region, plasma protease C1 inhibitor, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1, fibrinogen alpha, beta, and gamma-chain in individuals in pool 2 may be associated with levels of LDL and vitamin E. Vitamin E and Native American genetic ancestry may also be implicated in changes of vitamin E and LDL levels. The results of this pilot study must be validated in future studies with larger sample size or in in vitro studies.

Metabolic Groups Related to Blood Vitamin Levels and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Brazilian Children and Adolescents.

Certain B-vitamins and vitamin A may be involved in inflammatory pathways associated with homocysteine and omega-3 fatty acids. The aims of this study were (i) to determine whether different metabolic profiles of B-vitamins and vitamin A in Brazilian children and adolescents were positively or negatively related to homocysteine and omega-3 fatty acids using k-means clustering analysis, (ii) compare nutrient intakes and metabolites between the different metabolic profiles, (iii) evaluate if the statistically significant metabolites found between the metabolic groups, can predict the variation of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) levels, a biomarker of low-grade inflammation, in the total studied population. This cross-sectional study included 124 children and adolescents, aged 9-13 y old. Dietary intake was assessed by the food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall. Biomarkers for vitamins B2, B6, B12, folate and vitamin A were measured in plasma. Omega-3 fatty acids and homocysteine were measured in red blood cells (RBC). Two different metabolic profiles were found. Thirty of these individuals had overall average higher riboflavin, pyridoxal, and vitamin B12 plasma levels (metabolic group 1) compared to 94 individuals (group 2). Group 2 had lower dietary intake of vitamin B2, vitamin A, and vitamin B12 and higher RBC levels of homocysteine. EPA and DHA erythrocyte levels were not different between metabolic groups. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that blood cobalamin, riboflavin, pyridoxal and homocysteine combined, explained 9.0% of LTA4H levels variation in the total studied population. The metabolic group that had low plasma levels of riboflavin, pyridoxal, and cobalamin also had a lower dietary intake of B-vitamin and higher RBC homocysteine. The combined levels of the riboflavin, pyridoxal, cobalamin and homocysteine biomarkers can predict the variation of LTA4H in the total population studied, but it is not clear how this regulation occurs.

Transtornos alimentares, imagem corporal e influência da mídia em universitárias / Eating disorders, body image and media influence in university students

Objetivo: avaliar, em universitárias da área da saúde, indícios de transtornos alimentares, satisfação com a imagem corporal e influência da mídia. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, observacional, com 61 universitárias, com idade superior ou igual aos 20 anos de idade, aplicando-se os questionários Eating Atitudes Test, Body Shape Questionnaire, questionário de Teste de Imagem Corporal, Atitudes Socioculturais em Relação à Aparência, Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica e dados antropométricos. Realizou-se a análise descritiva das variáveis. Resultados: observou-se que, das 45 universitárias, a maioria apresentou Índice de Massa Corporal adequado; 26,7% apresentaram indícios de transtornos alimentares; 4,4%, insatisfação corporal grave e a influência da mídia e a compulsão alimentar periódica apresentaram-se em 2,2% do total da amostra estudada. Conclusão: entende-se que o diagnóstico precoce desses distúrbios, assim como de suas complicações clínicas, nem sempre é possível. Torna-se essencial que o tratamento das complicações seja realizado de maneira concomitante ao acompanhamento psicoterápico e nutricional.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate, in university students in the health field, signs of eating disorders, satisfaction with body image and media influence. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study, with 61 university students, aged 20 years or over, using the Eating Attitudes Test, Body Shape Questionnaire, Body Image Test questionnaire , Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance, Periodic Eating Compulsion Scale and anthropometric data. Descriptive analysis of the variables was carried out. Results: it was observed that, of the 45 university students most had an adequate Body Mass Index; 26.7% showed signs of eating disorders; 4.4%, severe body dissatisfaction and the influence of the media and binge eating were 2.2% of the total sample studied. Conclusion: it is understood that the early diagnosis of these disorders, as well as their clinical complications, is not always possible. It is essential that the treatment of complications is carried out concurrently with psychotherapeutic and nutritional monitoring.(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar, en estudiantes universitarias en el campo de la salud, signos de trastornos alimentarios, satisfacción con la imagen corporal e influencia de los medios. Método: este es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, observacional, con 61 estudiantes universitarias, de 20 años o más, utilizando el Test de Actitudes Alimentarias, el Cuestionario de Forma Corporal, el cuestionario del Test de Imagen Corporal, Actitudes socioculturales hacia la apariencia, Escala de compulsión alimentaria periódica y datos antropométricos. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables. Resultados: se observó que, de las 45 estudiantes universitarias, la mayoría tenía un Índice de Masa Corporal adecuado; 26.7% mostró signos de trastornos alimentarios; 4.4%, la insatisfacción corporal severa y la influencia de los medios de comunicación y los atracones fueron 2.2% de la muestra total estudiada. Conclusión: se entiende que el diagnóstico temprano de estos trastornos, así como sus complicaciones clínicas, no siempre es posible. Es esencial que el tratamiento de las complicaciones se realice simultáneamente con el monitoreo psicoterapéutico y nutricional.

Estado nutricional e qualidade de vida de renais crônicos / Nutritional condition and quality of life of chronic kidney patients

Objetivo: identificar e correlacionar o estado nutricional, a qualidade de vida e o consumo alimentar em pacientes com DRC em hemodiálise. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, observacional, do tipo transversal, com delineamento amostral não probabilístico. Compôs-se a amostra do estudo por 63 indivíduos, dos 21 aos 86 anos. Avaliou-se o EN por meio de parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos, IMC e Avaliação Subjetiva Global (ASG). Utilizaram-se um recordatório de 24 horas para o consumo alimentar e, para a QV, o questionário Kidney Disease Quality Of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF). Resultados: verificou-se que, entre as comorbidades relacionadas à IRC, prevaleceu o diabetes (76%). Observou-se que, segundo o protocolo de PEW, 73% dos pacientes estavam eutróficos e, pelo IMC, 57% estavam eutróficos. Conclusão: concluiu-se que os coeficientes tiveram uma correlação não substancial ou baixa para EN e QV e consumo alimentar. Observou-se a inadequação no consumo alimentar e nos parâmetros bioquímicos.(AU)

Objective: to identify and correlate nutritional status, quality of life and food intake in patients with CKD on hemodialysis. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study with a nonprobabilistic sample design. The study sample consisted of 63 individuals, from 21 to 86 years old. EN was assessed by anthropometric and biochemical parameters, BMI and Global Subjective Assessment (GSA). A 24- hour dietary recall was used for food consumption and, for QOL, the Kidney Disease Quality Of Life Short Form questionnaire (KDQOL-SF). Results: it was found that among the comorbidities related to CKF, diabetes prevailed (76%). According to the PEW protocol, 73% of the patients were eutrophic and, by BMI, 57% were eutrophic. Conclusion: it was concluded that the coefficients had a non-substantial or low correlation for EN and QL and food intake. Inadequate food intake and biochemical parameters were observed.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar y correlacionar el estado nutricional, la calidad de vida y la ingesta de alimentos en pacientes con ERC en hemodiálisis. Método: este es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, observacional, transversal con un diseño de muestra no probabilístico. La muestra del estudio consistió en 63 individuos, de 21 a 86 años. Se evaluó el EN mediante parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos, IMC y Evaluación Subjetiva Global (ESG). Se utilizó un recordatorio de 24 horas para el consumo de alimentos y, para la calidad de vida, el cuestionario Kidney Disease Quality Of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF). Resultados: se encontró que entre las comorbilidades relacionadas con la IRC prevaleció la diabetes (76%). Según el protocolo PEW, el 73% de los pacientes eran eutróficos y, según el IMC, el 57% eran eutróficos. Conclusión: se concluyó que los coeficientes tenían una correlación no sustancial o baja para EN y CV y la ingesta de alimentos. Se observó una ingesta inadecuada de alimentos y en los parámetros bioquímicos.(AU)

Avaliação nutricional e lipodistrofia em pessoas que vivem com HIV / Nutritional evaluation and lipodystrophy in people living with HIV

Objetivo: avaliar o perfil nutricional e alimentar das pessoas que vivem com HIV e lipodistrofia muscular. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, em um ambulatório escola. Aferiu-se o consumo alimentar por meio de um recordatório de 24 horas, aplicando-se o Questionário de Frequência Alimentar. Utilizaram-se infomações de avaliação antropométrica. Recorreu-se ao software NUTWIN®, 2010, para analisar a ingestão dietética. Procedeu-se com a análise estatística descritiva dos dados. Resultados: informa-se que participaram nesse estudo 45 pessoas, sendo 53,3% do sexo feminino. Registrou-se a média de idade de 43,3 anos e a média do tempo de tratamento com antirretrovirais foi de 10 anos. Observa-se que a forma de lipodistrofia mais presente foi a lipohipertrofia, seguida pela lipoatrofia, respectivamente, com 51,1% e 28,9%. Verificou-se, na avaliação antropométrica, o Índice de Massa Corporal médio de 24,7 kg/m², com classificação de eutrofia para 44,4%. Conclusão: verificou-se, pelo R-24h, a ingestão insuficiente de energia, carboidratos, lipídios, fibras e cálcio para ambos os sexos. Considera-se essencial promover o acompanhamento nutricional e a educação para se amenizar as alterações metabólicas provocadas pela lipodistrofia.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the nutritional and food profile of people living with HIV and muscle lipodystrophy. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study in a school clinic. Food consumption was measured through a 24-hour recall, using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Anthropometric information was used. The NUTWIN® software, 2010, was used to analyze dietary intake. We proceeded with the descriptive statistical analysis of the data. Results: it is reported that 45 people participated in this study, being 53.3% female. The mean age of 43.3 years was recorded and the average time of treatment with antiretrovirals was ten years. It is observed that the most common form of lipodystrophy was lipohypertrophy, followed by lipoatrophy, respectively, with 51.1% and 28.9%. In the anthropometric evaluation, the mean Body Mass Index of 24.7 kg / m² was verified, with eutrophy classification to 44.4%. Conclusion: there was, at R-24h, insufficient intake of energy, carbohydrates, lipids, fibers and calcium for both sexes. It is considered essential to promote nutritional monitoring and education to mitigate the metabolic changes caused by lipodystrophy.(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar el perfil nutricional y alimentario de las personas que viven con VIH y lipodistrofia muscular. Método: este es un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal en una clínica escolar. El consumo de alimentos se midió a través de un recuerdo de 24 horas, utilizando el Cuestionario de Frecuencia de Alimentos. Se utilizó informaciones de evaluación antropométrica. El software NUTWIN®, 2010, se utilizó para analizar la ingesta alimentaria. Se procedió al análisis estadístico descriptivo de los datos. Resultados: se informa que 45 personas participaron en este estudio, siendo 53.3% mujeres. Se registró la edad media de 43,3 años y el tiempo promedio de tratamiento con antirretrovirales fue de 10 años. Se observa que la forma más común de lipodistrofia fue la lipohipertrofia, seguida de la lipoatrofia, respectivamente, con 51.1% y 28.9%. En la evaluación antropométrica, se verificó el índice de Masa Corporal promedio de 24.7 kg / m², con clasificación de eutrofia al 44.4%. Conclusión: se verificó, por el R-24 h, una ingesta insuficiente de energía, carbohidratos, lípidos, fibras y calcio para ambos sexos. Se considera esencial promover el monitoreo nutricional y la educación para ablandar los cambios metabólicos causados por la lipodistrofia.(AU)

Avaliação de resto-ingesta em unidade de alimentação e nutrição / Evaluation of rest-of-ingestion in food and nutrition unit

Objetivo: avaliar o índice de sobras e resto-ingesta do almoço da Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição do Grupo de Apoio a Pacientes Oncológicos. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo em que foram analisadas as refeições de 2664 comensais. Utilizou-se, para a análise dos dados, a tabulação para a organização das informações, e todos os cálculos foram realizados conforme fórmulas. Resultados: verificaram-se um índice de sobras de 24,4% e um índice de restos de 6,75 em pacientes e 8,29, em acompanhantes/colaboradores, sendo que o índice de sobras está acima do recomendado pela literatura em que este estudo se apoiou, demonstrando uma perda considerável de alimentos. Conclusão: avalia-se que os resultados deste trabalho demonstram que o índice de RI se encontra no índice aceitável, conforme a literatura, porém, a quantidade de alimentos desprezados pela UAN e a despesa com matéria-prima ainda são excessivas, ocorrendo o desperdício de alimentos e um gasto desnecessário que poderia ser revertido em outros benefícios para pacientes com câncer.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the leftovers and rest-of-ingestion intake index of the Food and Nutrition Unit of the Oncology Patients Support Group. Method: this is a quantitative study in which the meals of 2664 diners were analyzed. For the analysis of the data, the tabulation was used to organize the information, and all calculations were performed according to formulas. Results: there was a surplus index of 24.4% and a rest index of 6.75 in patients and 8.29 in companions / collaborators, with the remainder index being above that recommended by the literature in which this study was supported, demonstrating a considerable loss of food. Conclusion: it is evaluated that the results of this work demonstrate that the IR index is in the acceptable index, according to the literature, however, the amount of food scorned by the FNU and the raw material expenditure are still excessive, with the waste of food and an unnecessary expense that could be reversed in other benefits for cancer patients.(AU)

Objetivo: evaluar el índice de sobras y resto-ingesta del almuerzo de la Unidad de Alimentación y Nutrición del Grupo de Apoyo a Pacientes Oncológicos. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo en el que se analizaron las comidas de 2664 comensales. Se utilizó, para el análisis de los datos, la tabulación para la organización de las informaciones, y todos los cálculos se realizaron según las fórmulas. Resultados: se verificó un índice de sobras de 24,4% y un índice de restos de 6,75 en pacientes y 8,29, en acompañantes / colaboradores, siendo que el índice de sobras está por encima del recomendado por la literatura en que éste estudio se apoyó, demostrando una pérdida considerable de alimentos. Conclusión: se evalúa que los resultados de este trabajo demuestran que el índice de RI se encuentra en el índice aceptable, conforme a la literatura, sin embargo, la cantidad de alimentos despreciados por la UAN y el gasto con materia prima todavía son excesivos, ocurriendo el desperdicio de alimentos y un gasto innecesario que podría revertir en otros beneficios para los pacientes con cáncer.(AU)

Homocysteine, folate, hs-C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha and inflammatory proteins: are these biomarkers related to nutritional status and cardiovascular risk in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus?

BACKGROUND: Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (c-SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease which increases cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) such as elevated homocysteine, TNF-α, and hs-C reactive protein. METHODS: We evaluated BMI, waist circumference (WC), 24-h recalls, SLEDAI-2 K, SLICC/ACR-DI, serum levels of homocysteine, folate, TNF-α, hs-C reactive protein, lipid profile, proteomic data, and duration of corticosteroid therapy in 19 c-SLE and 38 healthy volunteers. Physiological and anthropometric variables of c-SLE and healthy controls were compared by ANCOVA. k-cluster was used to separate c-SLE into two different groups with the best and the worst metabolic profile according to previous analysis showing some metabolites that were statistically different from controls, such as homocysteine, TNF-α, hs-CRP and folate levels. These two clusters were again compared with the control group regarding nutritional parameters, lipid profile and also proteomic data. RESULTS: Individuals with c-SLE presented higher BMI, WC, homocysteine, triglycerides, TNF-α, hs-CRP and lower folate levels when compared to controls. We found 10 proteins whose relative abundances were statistically different between control group and lupus clusters with the best (LCBMP) and the worst metabolic profile (LCWMP). A significant positive correlation was found between TNF-α and triglycerides and between hs-CRP and duration of corticosteroid therapy. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk parameters were worse in c-SLE. A less protective CVD proteomic profile was found in LCWMP.

Clinical and Vitamin Response to a Short-Term Multi-Micronutrient Intervention in Brazilian Children and Teens: From Population Data to Interindividual Responses.

SCOPE: Micronutrients are in small amounts in foods, act in concert, and require variable amounts of time to see changes in health and risk for disease. These first principles are incorporated into an intervention study designed to develop new experimental strategies for setting target recommendations for food bioactives for populations and individuals. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 6-week multivitamin/mineral intervention is conducted in 9-13 year olds. Participants (136) are (i) their own control (n-of-1); (ii) monitored for compliance; (iii) measured for 36 circulating vitamin forms, 30 clinical, anthropometric, and food intake parameters at baseline, post intervention, and following a 6-week washout; and (iv) had their ancestry accounted for as modifier of vitamin baseline or response. The same intervention is repeated the following year (135 participants). Most vitamins respond positively and many clinical parameters change in directions consistent with improved metabolic health to the intervention. Baseline levels of any metabolite predict its own response to the intervention. Elastic net penalized regression models are identified, and significantly predict response to intervention on the basis of multiple vitamin/clinical baseline measures. CONCLUSIONS: The study design, computational methods, and results are a step toward developing recommendations for optimizing vitamin levels and health parameters for individuals.