RESUMO
A previous study demonstrated that acupuncture increases the synthesis and reorganisation of collagen molecules in rat tendons after injury. Clinical studies have shown that acupuncture improves pain and functional activity in patients with tendinopathy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. Recent studies have shown that acupuncture can modulate both anti-inflammatory (AI) and mechanotransduction (MT) molecular pathways. Moreover, the modulation of these pathways can increase type I collagen synthesis, which is the main factor that influences tendon biomechanical properties. Our hypothesis is that acupuncture increases synthesis and subsequent reorganisation of type I collagen during tendon healing by concomitant modulation of the Toll-like receptor-nuclear factor-κB AI pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway and the Rho/Rac-F-actin MT pathway. Increased collagen synthesis and reorganisation requires that at least one acupoint is anatomically connected with the site of the injury because of the local tenoblast MT mechanism. Confirmation of this hypothesis will increase the knowledge of acupuncture modulation of the previously mentioned molecular pathways, and such confirmation may also help to establish the relationships between the different types of acupuncture needle stimulation and the influence of acupuncture stimuli on pathway activity levels. In addition, the downstream therapeutic effects of acupuncture therapy may be established. This hypothesis can be verified in a rat tendon healing model, and subsequent clinical protocols for tendon healing can be developed and evaluated as standalone therapies or as a component of a combination therapy.
Assuntos
Terapia por Acupuntura , Mecanotransdução Celular , Traumatismos dos Tendões/terapia , Cicatrização , Animais , Colágeno/genética , Colágeno/imunologia , Humanos , NF-kappa B/genética , NF-kappa B/imunologia , Ratos , Traumatismos dos Tendões/imunologia , Traumatismos dos Tendões/fisiopatologia , Receptores Toll-Like/genética , Receptores Toll-Like/imunologiaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Analisar as características de tendões de Aquiles de ratos após indução de processo inflamatório localizado na pata. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados três grupos experimentais: grupo inflamado com carragenina na pata de rato (G1); grupo salina (G2) e grupo controle (G3). Após 4 horas os animais foram eutanaziados e o tendão de Aquiles foi removido. RESULTADOS:Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas análises de proteínas não colagênicas, glicosaminoglicanos e hidroxiprolina, mas uma tendência a diminuição foi verificada em G1. Em organização de moléculas de colágeno não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos. Com respeito à atividade de MMPs, foi observada uma presença maior da isoforma ativa da MMP-2 em G1, sugerindo que a remodelação do tecido está ocorrendo. CONCLUSÃO: Desta forma, nós concluímos que o processo inflamatório desencadeado em pata de rato pode afetar o remodelamento de tendões situados próximo ao local inflamado. Nível de Evidência I, Estudos Prognósticos - Investigação do Efeito de Característica de um Paciente Sobre o Desfecho da Doença.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of the Achilles tendon of rats after induction of localized inflammation in the rat paw. METHODS: In our study three groups were used: inflamed group with carrageenan in rat paw (G1); saline group (G2) and control group (G3). After 4 hours the animals were euthanized and the Achilles tendon removed. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in the analysis of non-collagenous proteins, glycosaminoglycans and hydroxyproline in the groups but a tendency of reduction was verified in G1. About the organization of collagen molecules, no differences were observed between groups. With respect to MMPs activity, a stronger presence of the active isoform of MMP-2 in G1 was observed, suggesting that the remodeling was occurring. CONCLUSION: Thus, we conclude that the inflammatory process in rat paw may affect the remodeling of tendons located near the inflamed site. Level of Evidence I, Prognostic Studies - Investigating the Effect of a Patient Characteristic on the Outcome of Disease.