Prevention and reversal of neuropathic pain by near-infrared photobiomodulation therapy in male and female rats.

Pathological nociception arising from peripheral nerve injury impacts quality of life. Current therapeutics are generally ineffective. However, photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has shown promise in addressing this issue. We aimed to assess the potential anti-allodynic effects of 2 p.m. protocols, each applied transcutaneously over the peripheral nerve injury. In addition to evaluating nociceptive behavior, we also conducted morphological analysis using electron microscopy (EM) to investigate potential ultrastructural changes at the cellular level. We sought to determine, using the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model, whether our parameters could alleviate established allodynia and/or dampen allodynia development. Adult male and female rats with CCI or sham were treated with PBMT (850-nm wavelength) for 2 min, 3 times a week over three or four weeks across three studies, where PBMT began either before or after CCI. Allodynia was assessed prior to surgery and across weeks and, at the conclusion of the third study, sciatic nerve was processed for EM and histomorphometrically evaluated. The results showed that PBMT before versus after CCI injury yielded similar behaviors, effectively decreasing allodynia. Interestingly, these positive effects of PBMT do not appear to be accounted by protection of the sciatic injury site, based on EM. CCI reliably decreased axon size and the number of myelinated axons present in both PBMT and control groups. While PBMT reduced the number of C-fibers in CCI samples, no improvement in any measure was observed in response to PBMT.

Microscopic and metabolomics analysis of the anti-Listeria activity of natural and engineered cruzioseptins.

Listeria monocytogenes is a human opportunistic foodborne pathogen that produces life-threatening infections with a high mortality rate. The control of Listeria in the food production environment and effective clinical management of human listeriosis are challenging due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Hence we evaluate the in vitro anti-Listeria activity of two synthetic cruzioseptins reproducing their natural sequences CZS-9, and CZS-12, and one engineered sequence based on CZS-1, named [K4K15]CZS-1. The assessment of the in vitro potential of cruzioseptins, highlighted the promising antibacterial effect of [K4K15]CZS-1 in very low concentrations (0.91 µM) and its thermal stability at high-temperature conditions, is compatible with the food industry. Microscopic and metabolomic analyses suggest cruzioseptin induces anti-Listeria bioactivity through membrane disruption and changes in the intracellular metabolome. We also report that [K4K15]CZS-1 is not resistant to peptidases/proteases emphasizing a key advantage for their use as a food preservative. However, there is a need for further structural and functional optimisations for the potential clinical application as an antibiotic. In conclusion, [K4K15]CZS-1 stand out as membrane-active peptides with the ability to induce shifts in the bacteria metabolome and inspire the development of strategies for the prevention of L. monocytogenes emergence and dissemination.

Dual antibacterial mechanism of [K4K15]CZS-1 against Salmonella Typhimurium: a membrane active and intracellular-targeting antimicrobial peptide.

Salmonella genus is a leading cause of food-borne infections with strong public health impact and economic ramifications. The development of antimicrobial resistance added complexity to this scenario and turned the antibiotic drug discovery into a highly important challenge. The screening of peptides has served as a successful discovery platform to design new antibiotic candidates. Motivated by this, the antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of three cruzioseptins against Salmonella Typhimurium and RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells, respectively, were investigated. [K4K15]CZS-1 was the most potent antimicrobial peptide identified in the screening step with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16 µg/mL (7.26 µM) and moderate cytotoxicity. From a structural point of view, in vitro and in silico techniques evidenced that [K4K15]CZS-1 is a α-helical cationic antimicrobial peptide. In order to capture mechanistic details and fully decipher their antibacterial action, we adopted a multidimensional approach, including spectroscopy, electron microscopy and omics analysis. In general lines, [K4K15]CZS-1 caused membrane damage, intracellular alterations in Salmonella and modulated metabolic pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, fatty acid biosynthesis, and lipid metabolism. Overall, these findings provide deeper insights into the antibacterial properties and multidimensional mode of action of [K4K15]CZS-1 against Salmonella Typhimurium. In summary, this study represents a first step toward the screening of membrane-acting and intracellular-targeting peptides as potential bio-preservatives to prevent foodborne outbreaks caused by Salmonella.

Evaluating the potential of Pediococcus pentosaceus as a biocontrol agent against tenuazonic acid-producing Alternaria alternata on livestock feeds.

AIMS: This study aims to demonstrate the potential of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Pediococcus pentosaceus LBM18 against the mycotoxin-producing Alternaria alternata TEF-1A and highlight its application as an effective grain silage inoculant to control mycotoxin contamination. METHODS AND RESULTS: The antifungal properties of Ped. pentosaceus lyophilized (PPL) were assessed by evaluating its effect on A. alternata TEF-1A grown in a corn silage-based medium, which included morphological changes by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations, growth rate, conidia production assays, and inhibition of Tenuazonic acid (TeA) production by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-MS/MS) analyses. Furthermore, TeA biosynthesis was monitored for changes at the molecular level by PKS gene expression. The growth and sporulation processes of A. alternata TEF-1A were affected by Ped. pentosaceus LBM18 in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, a significant inhibition of TeA production (74.3%) and the transcription level of the PKS gene (42.9%) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Ped. pentosaceus is one of the promising LAB to be applied as an inoculant for corn silage preservation, aiming to inhibit mycotoxigenic fungi growth and their mycotoxin production. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Ped. pentosaceus could be used as an inoculant to reduce fungal and mycotoxins contamination in grain silage production.

Structural and Ultrastructural Changes in the Tongue of mdx Mice.

The mdx mouse is an experimental model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a genetic disorder characterized by progressive muscular degeneration which affects the oral cavity musculature, and promotes difficulty in swallowing. This study aimed to describe morphological, structural, and ultrastructural changes in the tongue mucosa and musculature of mdx mice. Forty six-month-old mice were divided into two groups: Control C57bl/10 (n = 20) and mdx C57bl/10mdx (n = 20). The tongue was dissected and analyzed with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Our results showed conical and triangular filiform, fungiform, foliate, and vallate papillae, and their connective tissue cores. The epithelium layers identified were corneum, granulosum, spinosum, and basale. The mdx group had a thicker epithelium. Lamina propria was composed of reddish and greenish collagen. In mdx, collagen was present in the musculature of the tongue's body and in the muscular tissue between mucous and serous glands of the caudal region. Musculature was also characterized by a shorter length of sarcoplasmic invaginations, myocytolysis in mitochondrial groupings, and inflammatory focus. In conclusion, the tongue of 6-month-old mdx mice had morphology, structure, and ultrastructure revealed, showing higher wear of filiform papillae indirect reflex from the muscular degeneration process.

Structural and Ultrastructural Characteristics of the Red-Rumped Agouti (Dasyprocta leporina-Linnaeus, 1758) Palatine Epithelium.

The palate is a fundamental region in food swallowing and presents different adaptations in species. This research aimed to describe structural and ultrastructural characteristics of the palatine epithelium and the connective tissue cores (CTCs) of ten red-rumped agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina­Linnaeus, 1758) using macroscopic, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. We found nine palatine ridges in the diastema and hard palate, and a smooth surface in the soft palate. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium with projections of lamina propria and soft palate had gland clusters. Epithelial removal revealed CTCs with a conical shape with high density in the hard palate and the sides of the soft palate. Near the CTCs were nerve fibers in the hard palate, and the soft palate had muscular tissue below the gland clusters. The structural and ultrastructural characteristics enable stability of the hard palate and fixation to the soft palate sides, while the soft palate center has greater mobility thus assisting in food swallowing. We concluded that structural characteristics are similar to other mammals, although the morphology of agouti's palate differs in the amount and disposition of palatine ridges, and the conical CTC's morphology.

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of crude and freeze-dried bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus.

Pediococcus pentosaceus LBM 18 has shown potential as producer of an antibacterial and antifungal bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS). BLIS inhibited the growth of spoilage bacteria belonging to Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Listeria genera with higher activity than Nisaplin used as control. It gave rise to inhibition halos with diameters from 9.70 to 20.00 mm, with Lactobacillus sakei being the most sensitive strain (13.50-20.00 mm). It also effectively suppressed the growth of fungi isolated from corn grain silage for up to 25 days and impaired morphology of colonies by likely affecting fungal membranes. These results point out that P. pentosaceus BLIS may be used as a new promising alternative to conventional antibacterial and antifungal substances, with potential applications in agriculture and food industry as a natural bio-controlling agent. Moreover, cytotoxicity and cell death induction tests demonstrated cytotoxicity and toxicity of BLIS to human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2cells but not to peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with suggests possible applications of BLIS also in medical-pharmaceutical applications.

Application of a Purified Protein From Natural Latex and the Influence of Suture Type on Achilles Tendon Repair in Rats.

BACKGROUND: The prolonged tendon-healing process, the high costs associated with treatment, the increase in the number of injuries over the past decades, and the lack of consensus on the optimal treatment of tendon injuries are a global problem. Restoring the normal tendon anatomy and decreasing the healing time are key factors for treatment advancement. HYPOTHESIS: Application of a purified protein from natural latex (PPNL) accelerates the healing process, increasing collagen synthesis and decreasing metalloproteinases. PPNL associated with a simpler suture technique should decrease the healing time. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Injury, surgery, and treatment with PPNL were conducted with male Sprague-Dawley rats. Two suture techniques were used: U-suture, a simpler and lesser traumatic technique, and Kessler-Tajima, to avoid strangulation of the microcirculation. Achilles tendons were completely sectioned, and 100 µL of 0.1% PPNL was applied on the tendon during surgery. Tendon morphology, distribution, and quantity of collagen types I and III, as well as expression of TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 and ultrastructural aspects of cells and collagen fibrils, were assessed after 2 and 4 weeks. RESULTS: PPNL treatment improved collagen type I synthesis and reduced MMP-2 expression. All groups showed a 6.8-times increase in tendon weight as compared with the control group after 2 weeks and a 5.2-times increase after 4 weeks. All groups showed an increase in diameter after 4 weeks, except for the ones treated with PPNL, which showed a slight reduction in diameter. The peak of concentration of collagen fibrils with a 80-nm diameter was 27.79% in the control group; all other experimental groups presented fibrils between 50 and 60 nm. However, the best results were observed with Kessler-Tajima suture associated with PPNL. CONCLUSION/CLINICAL RELEVANCE: There are no known medicines or substances capable of aiding the tendon healing process besides surgery. The discovery of a substance able to improve this process and decrease its duration represents an important advancement in orthopaedic medicine.

Growth factors expression and ultrastructural morphology after application of low-level laser and natural latex protein on a sciatic nerve crush-type injury.

The effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and natural latex protein (F1, Hevea brasiliensis) were evaluated on crush-type injuries (15kg) to the sciatic nerve in the expressions of nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) and ultrastructural morphology to associate with previous morphometric data using the same protocol of injury and treatment. Thirty-six male rats were allocated into six experimental groups (n = 6): 1-Control; 2-Exposed nerve; 3-Injured nerve; 4-LLLT (15J/cm2, 780nm, 30mW, Continuous Wave) treated injured nerve; 5-F1 (0,1mg) treated injured nerve; and 6-LLLT&F1 treated injured nerve. Four or eight weeks after, sciatic nerve samples were processed for analysis. NGF expression were higher (p<0.05) four weeks after in all injured groups in comparison to Control (Med:0.8; Q1:0; Q3:55.5%area). Among them, the Injured (Med:70.7; Q1:64.4; Q3:77.5%area) showed the highest expression, and F1 (Med:17.3; Q1:14.1; Q3:21.7%area) had the lowest. At week 8, NGF expressions decreased in the injured groups. VEGF was expressed in all groups; its higher expression was observed in the injured groups 4 weeks after (Injured. Med:29.5; F1. Med:17.7 and LLLT&F1. Med:19.4%area). At week 8, a general reduction of VEGF expression was noted, remaining higher in F1 (Med:35.1; Q1.30.6; Q3.39.6%area) and LLLT&F1 (Med:18.5; Q1:16; Q3:25%area). Ultrastructural morphology revealed improvements in the treated groups; 4 weeks after, the F1 group presented greater quantity and diameter of the nerve fibers uniformly distributed. Eight weeks after, the F1 and LLLT&F1 showed similar characteristics to the non-injured groups. In summary, these results and our previous studies indicated that F1 and LLLT may favorably influence the healing of nerve crush injury. Four weeks after nerve injury F1 group showed the best results suggesting recovery acceleration; at 8th week F1 and LLLT&F1 groups presented better features and higher vascularization that could be associated with VEGF maintenance.

Myotendinous junction plasticity in aged ovariectomized rats submitted to aquatic training.

The study aims to describe the tissue plasticity of MTJ through the morphological analysis of MTJ soleus in ovariectomized aged female Wistar rats submitted to aquatic training. Forty aged Wistar rats, 1 year and 2 months of age, were divided into four groups: sedentary (S), trained (T), ovariectomized (O), and trained/ovariectomized (OT). Employing the transmission electron microscopy, the ultrastructural and morphometric elements were revealed. In the S group, changes in morphological characteristics as a consequence of the aging process were seen, demonstrated by the conical shape of the muscle cell extremity, a large area with collagen deposit, and misalignment of sarcomeres in series. The T group presented ample adjustments when revealed the organization of MTJ, through the increase of the contact area and greater lengths of sarcoplasmatic invaginations and evaginations. The O group revealed extensive tissue disorganization with muscle atrophy, reduction of MTJ contact area, and consequently, changes in sarcoplasmatic invaginations and evaginations. The OT group demonstrated extensive remodeling with restructuring MTJ through the increase of tissue contact area, extensive organization, parallel arrangement, and increased length of sarcoplasmatic invaginations and evaginations. The distal sarcomeres presented higher lengths compared to the proximal sarcomeres in both the groups. We conclude that aquatic training was effective in the organization and structural remodeling of the myotendinous interface of ovariectomized aged rats. There was a greater area of contact, and consequently, greater resistance in the myotendinous interface promoting a lower predisposition to injuries.

Interdisciplinary approach at the primary healthcare level for Bolivian immigrants with Chagas disease in the city of São Paulo.

BACKGROUND/METHODS: In a pioneering cross-sectional study among Bolivian immigrants in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, the epidemiological profile, clinical manifestations and morbidity of Chagas disease were described. The feasibility of the management of Chagas disease at primary healthcare clinics using a biomedical and psychosocial interdisciplinary approach was also tested. Previously, a Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) infection rate of 4.4% among 633 immigrants was reported. The samples were screened using two commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) tests generated with epimastigote antigens, and those with discrepant or seropositive results were analyzed by confirmatory tests: indirect immunofluorescence (IFI), TESA-blot and a commercial recombinant ELISA. PCR and blood cultures were performed in seropositive patients. RESULTS: The majority of the 28 seropositive patients were women, of whom 88.89% were of child-bearing age. The predominant clinical forms of Chagas disease were the indeterminate and atypical cardiac forms. Less than 50% received the recommended antiparasitic treatment of benznidazole. An interdisciplinary team was centered on primary healthcare physicians who applied guidelines for the management of patients. Infectologists, cardiologists, pediatricians and other specialists acted as reference professionals. Confirmatory serology and molecular biology tests, as well as echocardiography, Holter and other tests, were performed for the assessment of affected organs in secondary healthcare centers. The published high performance of two commercial ELISA tests was not confirmed. CONCLUSION: An interdisciplinary approach including antiparasitic treatment is feasible at the primary healthcare level for the management of Chagas disease in Bolivian immigrants. The itinerant feature of immigration was associated with a lack of adherence to antiparasitic treatment and was considered a main challenge for the clinical management of this population. This approach is recommended for management of the infected population in endemic and nonendemic areas, although different strategies are needed depending on the severity of the disease and the structure of the healthcare system.

Computerized nursing process in the Intensive Care Unit: ergonomics and usability / Proceso de Enfermería Informatizado en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos: Ergonomía y Usabilidad / Processo de enfermagem informatizado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: ergonomia e usabilidade

Abstract OBJECTIVE Analyzing the ergonomics and usability criteria of the Computerized Nursing Process based on the International Classification for Nursing Practice in the Intensive Care Unit according to International Organization for Standardization(ISO). METHOD A quantitative, quasi-experimental, before-and-after study with a sample of 16 participants performed in an Intensive Care Unit. Data collection was performed through the application of five simulated clinical cases and an evaluation instrument. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS The organization, content and technical criteria were considered "excellent", and the interface criteria were considered "very good", obtaining means of 4.54, 4.60, 4.64 and 4.39, respectively. The analyzed standards obtained means above 4.0, being considered "very good" by the participants. CONCLUSION The Computerized Nursing Processmet ergonomic and usability standards according to the standards set by ISO. This technology supports nurses' clinical decision-making by providing complete and up-to-date content for Nursing practice in the Intensive Care Unit.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar los criterios de ergonomía y usabilidad del Proceso de Enfermería Informatizado mediante la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería, en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, de acuerdo con los estándares de la International OrganizationforStandartization (ISO). MÉTODO Investigación cuantitativa, cuasi-experimental del tipo antes y después, con una muestra de 16 participantes, realizada en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Recolección de datos llevada a cabo mediante aplicación de cinco casos clínicos simulados e instrumento de evaluación. El análisis de datos fue realizado por la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS Los criterios de organización, contenido y técnico fueron considerados "excelentes" y el criterio interfaz, "muy bueno", logrando promedios de 4,54, 4,60, 4,64 y 4,39, respectivamente. Los estándares analizados obtuvieron promedios por encima de 4,0, considerándolos "muy buenos" los participantes. CONCLUSIÓN El Proceso de Enfermería Informatizado cuenta con estándares ergonómicos y de usabilidad según los estándares establecidos por la ISO. Dicha tecnología apoya la decisión clínica del enfermero, proporcionando contenido completo y actualizado para la práctica de Enfermería en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos.

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar os critérios de ergonomia e usabilidade do Processo de Enfermagem Informatizado a partir da Classificação Internacional para as Práticas de Enfermagem, em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, de acordo com os padrões da InternationalOrganization for Standardization (ISO). MÉTODO Pesquisa quantitativa, quase-experimental do tipo antes e depois, com uma amostra de 16 participantes, realizada em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Coleta de dados realizada por meio da aplicação de cinco casos clínicos simulados e instrumento de avaliação. A análise dos dados foi realizada pela estatística descritiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS Os critérios organização, conteúdo e técnico foram considerados "excelentes", e o critério interface "muito bom", obtendo médias 4,54, 4,60, 4,64 e 4,39, respectivamente. Os padrões analisados obtiveram médias acima de 4,0, sendo considerados "muito bons" pelos participantes. CONCLUSÃO O Processo de Enfermagem Informatizado possui padrões ergonômicos e de usabilidade de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos pela ISO. Esta tecnologia apoia a decisão clínica do enfermeiro fornecendo conteúdo completo e atualizado para a prática de Enfermagem em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.

Computerized nursing process in the Intensive Care Unit: ergonomics and usability.

OBJECTIVE: Analyzing the ergonomics and usability criteria of the Computerized Nursing Process based on the International Classification for Nursing Practice in the Intensive Care Unit according to International Organization for Standardization(ISO). METHOD: A quantitative, quasi-experimental, before-and-after study with a sample of 16 participants performed in an Intensive Care Unit. Data collection was performed through the application of five simulated clinical cases and an evaluation instrument. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The organization, content and technical criteria were considered "excellent", and the interface criteria were considered "very good", obtaining means of 4.54, 4.60, 4.64 and 4.39, respectively. The analyzed standards obtained means above 4.0, being considered "very good" by the participants. CONCLUSION: The Computerized Nursing Processmet ergonomic and usability standards according to the standards set by ISO. This technology supports nurses' clinical decision-making by providing complete and up-to-date content for Nursing practice in the Intensive Care Unit. OBJETIVO: Analisar os critérios de ergonomia e usabilidade do Processo de Enfermagem Informatizado a partir da Classificação Internacional para as Práticas de Enfermagem, em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, de acordo com os padrões da InternationalOrganization for Standardization (ISO). MÉTODO: Pesquisa quantitativa, quase-experimental do tipo antes e depois, com uma amostra de 16 participantes, realizada em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Coleta de dados realizada por meio da aplicação de cinco casos clínicos simulados e instrumento de avaliação. A análise dos dados foi realizada pela estatística descritiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS: Os critérios organização, conteúdo e técnico foram considerados "excelentes", e o critério interface "muito bom", obtendo médias 4,54, 4,60, 4,64 e 4,39, respectivamente. Os padrões analisados obtiveram médias acima de 4,0, sendo considerados "muito bons" pelos participantes. CONCLUSÃO: O Processo de Enfermagem Informatizado possui padrões ergonômicos e de usabilidade de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos pela ISO. Esta tecnologia apoia a decisão clínica do enfermeiro fornecendo conteúdo completo e atualizado para a prática de Enfermagem em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.

Method for the modeling and structuring of computerized Nursing in intensive care / Metodología para el modelado y estructura del proceso de Enfermería computarizado en cuidados intensivos / Metodologia para modelagem e estruturação do processo de Enfermagem informatizado em terapia intensiva

ABSTRACT Hybrid study of technological production and methodological research aimed at restructuring and organize data and information from the Computerized Nursing Process, based on the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP(r)) version 2.0 for Intensive Care Units. Study carried out in four stages: review of conceptual modeling and system logic; grouping of clinical situations in order of increasing complexity; determination of diagnoses and interventions for each clinical situation and; selection and registration of diagnoses and nursing interventions in the computerized system. As a result, 1,349 possibilities for clinical evaluations, 949 diagnoses and 438 nursing interventions were organized, restructured and divided into nine human body systems. The Computerized Nursing Process based on ICNP(r) can measure results, is adaptable to any reality and allows nurses to use this tool as a structured knowledge base.

RESUMEN Estudio híbrido de producción tecnológica e investigación metodológica que tuvo por objetivo reestructurar y organizar los datos e información del Proceso de Enfermería Computarizada de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería (CIPE(r)) Versión 2.0 en unidades de cuidados intensivos. Estudio realizado en cuatro etapas: revisión de modelado conceptual y lógica del sistema; agrupación de situaciones clínicas en orden de complejidad creciente; determinar los diagnósticos e intervenciones para cada situación clínica y; selección y registro de diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería en el sistema informatizado. Se obtuvo como resultado la organización de 1.349 posibilidades para las evaluaciones clínicas, 949 diagnósticos y 438 intervenciones de enfermería, reestructurados y distribuidas en nueve sistemas del cuerpo humano. El Proceso de Enfermería Informatizado basado en CIPE(r) puede medir los resultados, es adaptable a cualquier realidad y permite a las enfermeras a utilizar esta herramienta como base estructura de su conocimiento.

RESUMO Estudo híbrido de produção tecnológica e pesquisa metodológica que objetivou reestruturar e organizar os dados e informações do Processo de Enfermagem Informatizado, a partir da Classificação Internacional para as Práticas de Enfermagem (CIPE(r)) versão 2.0 para Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Estudo desenvolvido em quatro etapas: revisão da modelagem conceitual e lógica do sistema; agrupamento de situações clínicas por ordem de complexidade crescente; determinação de diagnósticos e intervenções para cada situação clínica; e seleção e cadastro dos diagnósticos e intervenções de enfermagem no sistema informatizado. Obteve-se, como resultado, a organização de 1.349 possibilidades de avaliações clínicas, 949 diagnósticos e 438 intervenções de enfermagem, reestruturadas e distribuídas em nove sistemas do corpo humano. O Processo de Enfermagem Informatizado baseado na CIPEÒ pode mensurar resultados, é adaptável a qualquer realidade e permite ao enfermeiro utilizar esta ferramenta como base estruturada de conhecimento.

[Usability of computerized nursing process from the ICNP® in intensive care units]. / Usabilidade do processo de enfermagem informatizado a partir da CIPE® em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the usability of Computerized Nursing Process (CNP) from the ICNP(®) 1.0 in Intensive Care Units in accordance with the criteria established by the standards of the International Organization for Standardization and the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards of systems. METHOD: This is a before-and-after semi-experimental quantitative study, with a sample of 34 participants (nurses, professors and systems programmers), carried out in three Intensive Care Units. RESULTS: The evaluated criteria (use, content and interface) showed that CNP has usability criteria, as it integrates a logical data structure, clinical assessment, diagnostics and nursing interventions. CONCLUSION: The CNP is a source of information and knowledge that provide nurses with new ways of learning in intensive care, for it is a place that provides complete, comprehensive, and detailed content, supported by current and relevant data and scientific research information for Nursing practices.

Usability of computerized nursing process from the ICNP® in intensive care units / Usabilidad del proceso de enfermería informatizado desde la CIPE® en unidades de cuidados intensivos / Usabilidade do processo de enfermagem informatizado a partir da CIPE® em unidades de terapia intensiva*

OBJECTIVE To analyze the usability of Computerized Nursing Process (CNP) from the ICNP® 1.0 in Intensive Care Units in accordance with the criteria established by the standards of the International Organization for Standardization and the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards of systems. METHOD This is a before-and-after semi-experimental quantitative study, with a sample of 34 participants (nurses, professors and systems programmers), carried out in three Intensive Care Units. RESULTS The evaluated criteria (use, content and interface) showed that CNP has usability criteria, as it integrates a logical data structure, clinical assessment, diagnostics and nursing interventions. CONCLUSION The CNP is a source of information and knowledge that provide nurses with new ways of learning in intensive care, for it is a place that provides complete, comprehensive, and detailed content, supported by current and relevant data and scientific research information for Nursing practices. .

OBJETIVO Analizar la usabilidad del Proceso de Enfermería Informatizado (PEI) desde la CIPE® 1.0 en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos de acuerdo con los criterios establecidos por los estándares de la International Organization for Standartization y Asociación Brasileña de Normas Técnicas de sistemas. MÉTODO Se trata de estudio cuantitativo, semiexperimental del tipo antes y después, con una muestra de 34 participantes (enfermeros, profesores y programadores de sistemas), realizado en tres Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos. RESULTADOS Los criterios evaluados (uso, contenido e interfaz) evidenciaron que el PEI tiene criterios de usabilidad, pues integra una estructura lógica de datos, evaluación clínica, diagnósticos e intervenciones de Enfermería. CONCLUSIÓN El PEI es una fuente de informaciones y conocimientos que facilita a los enfermeros nuevas modalidades de aprendizaje en terapia intensiva, al ser un espacio que proporciona un contenido amplio, completo y detallado, cimentado por datos e informaciones de investigaciones científicas actuales y relevantes para la práctica de Enfermería. .

OBJETIVO Analisar a usabilidade do Processo de Enfermagem Informatizado (PEI) a partir da CIPE® 1.0 em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pelos padrões da International Organization for Standartization e Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas de sistemas. MÉTODO Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, semiexperimental do tipo antes e depois, com uma amostra de 34 participantes (enfermeiros, professores e programadores de sistemas), realizado em três Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. RESULTADOS Os critérios avaliados (uso, conteúdo e interface) evidenciaram que o PEI possui critérios de usabilidade, pois integra uma estrutura lógica de dados, avaliação clínica, diagnósticos e intervenções de Enfermagem. CONCLUSÃO O PEI é uma fonte de informações e conhecimentos que disponibiliza aos enfermeiros novas modalidades de aprendizagem em terapia intensiva, por ser um espaço que fornece um conteúdo amplo, completo e detalhado, alicerçado por dados e informações de pesquisas científicas atuais e relevantes para prática de Enfermagem. .

Application of a low-level laser therapy and the purified protein from natural latex (Hevea brasiliensis) in the controlled crush injury of the sciatic nerve of rats: a morphological, quantitative, and ultrastructural study.

This study analyzed the effects of a low-level laser therapy (LLLT, 15 J/cm(2), 780 nm wavelength) and the natural latex protein (P1, 0.1%) in sciatic nerve after crush injury (15 Kgf, axonotmesis) in rats. Sixty rats (male, 250 g) were allocated into the 6 groups (n = 10): CG-control group; EG-nerve exposed; IG-injured nerve without treatment; LG-crushed nerve treated with LLLT; PG-injured nerve treated with P1; and LPG-injured nerve treated with LLLT and P1. After 4 or 8 weeks, the nerve samples were processed for morphological, histological quantification and ultrastructural analysis. After 4 weeks, the myelin density and morphological characteristics improved in groups LG, PG, and LPG compared to IG. After 8 weeks, PG, and LPG were similar to CG and the capillary density was higher in the LG, PG, and LPG. In the ultrastructural analysis the PG and LPG had characteristics that were similar to the CG. The application of LLLT and/or P1 improved the recovery from the nerve crush injury, and in the long term, the P1 protein was the better treatment used, since only the application of LLLT has not reached the same results, and these treatments applied together did not potentiate the recovery.

Structural and ultrastructural features of the agouti tongue (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1766).

The agouti (Dasyprocta aguti Linnaeus, 1766) is a wild rodent belonging to the family Dasyproctidae that is found throughout Brazil and feeds on fruits and seeds. The aim of the present study was to describe the following features of the tongue of agouti: its morphological structures, the three-dimensional characteristics of the lingual papillae surface, the connective tissue cores (CTCs) and the epithelial cell ultrastructure. Four types of papillae were observed on the dorsal surface of the tongue with a triangular shape: filiform, fungiform, foliate and vallate. Filiform papillae were distributed throughout the tongue surface, and removal of the epithelial surface revealed conical CTCs and multifilaments. Fungiform papillae were observed in the rostral and middle regions, whereas foliate papillae developed in pairs on the lateral margin of the caudal region. Removal of the epithelium in these regions revealed CTCs with parallel laminar conformation. Vallate papillae were arranged in a V-shape in the caudal region, and their CTCs ranged in shape from elongate to ovoid. The ultrastructural components of the dorsal epithelium were the basal, spinous, granular and keratinised layers. A broad area with cytoplasmic projections was identified in the interface region between the lamina propria and the basal layer. Flattened cells with intermediate filaments were observed in the transitional region between spinous and granular layers. The keratinised layer was composed of superimposed epithelial cells where desmosomes and cell-surface microridges were observed. These structural features, including the three-dimensional aspects of the lingual papillae, the CTCs and the epithelial ultrastructure, indicate that when compared with other animals, particularly other rodent species, the morphological features of the tongue of agouti are relatively well developed, especially regarding foliate and vallate papillae.

[Computerized nursing process: methodology to establish associations between clinical assessment, diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes]. / Processo de enfermagem informatizado: metodologia para associação da avaliação clínica, diagnósticos, intervenções e resultados.

The Nursing Process is a care technology that guides the sequence of clinical reasoning and improves the quality of care. This article reports the development of a Computerized Nursing Process (CNP) for the Intensive Care Unit. The study was conducted in three main steps: discussion and understanding of the International Organization for Standard 18104; theoretical expertise regarding the ICNP® 1.0; and the association of information with nursing diagnoses and interventions. The knowledge base was organized according to the ICNP® Version 1.0. The result was a restructuring of the CNP from the association of clinical evaluations to diagnosis and interventions that allow documentation of the clinical practice of nursing and provide support for decision-making. The methodological steps employed permitted the creation of an association between the clinical evaluation, diagnoses, interventions and results of the ICNP ® 1.0 with ISO 18104.

Processo de enfermagem informatizado: metodologia para associação da avaliação clínica, diagnósticos, intervenções e resultados / Computerized nursing process: methodology to establish associations between clinical assessment, diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes / Proceso de enfermería informatizado: metodología para asociación de la evaluación clínica, diagnósticos, intervenciones y resultados

O Processo de Enfermagem é uma tecnologia do cuidado que orienta a sequência do raciocínio clínico e melhora a qualidade do cuidado. Este artigo trata-se do relato do desenvolvimento de um Processo de Enfermagem Informatizado (PEI) para Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido em três principais etapas: discussão e compreensão da norma International Organization for Standard 18.104; aprofundamento teórico sobre a CIPE® 1.0; associação das informações aos diagnósticos e intervenções de Enfermagem. A base do conhecimento foi organizada segundo a CIPE® Versão 1.0. O resultado foi a reestruturação do PEI a partir da associação das avaliações clínicas aos diagnósticos e intervenções que permitem documentar a prática clínica de enfermagem, além de fornecerem apoio para a tomada de decisão. As etapas metodológicas empregadas permitiram fazer a associação entre a avaliação clínica, os diagnósticos, as intervenções e os resultados da CIPE® 1.0 com a ISO 18.104.

The Nursing Process is a care technology that guides the sequence of clinical reasoning and improves the quality of care. This article reports the development of a Computerized Nursing Process (CNP) for the Intensive Care Unit. The study was conducted in three main steps: discussion and understanding of the International Organization for Standard 18104; theoretical expertise regarding the ICNP® 1.0; and the association of information with nursing diagnoses and interventions. The knowledge base was organized according to the ICNP® Version 1.0. The result was a restructuring of the CNP from the association of clinical evaluations to diagnosis and interventions that allow documentation of the clinical practice of nursing and provide support for decision-making. The methodological steps employed permitted the creation of an association between the clinical evaluation, diagnoses, interventions and results of the ICNP ® 1.0 with ISO 18104.

El Proceso de Enfermería es una tecnología que orienta la secuencia del razonamiento clínico y mejora la calidad del cuidado. Este artículo relata el desarrollo de un Proceso de Enfermería Informatizado (PEI) para Unidad de Terapia Intensiva. El estudio se desarrolló en tres etapas principales: discusión y comprensión de la norma International Organization for Standardization 18.104; profundización teórica de la CIPE® 1.0; asociación de las informaciones a los diagnósticos e intervenciones de Enfermería. La base del conocimiento se organizó según CIPE® 1.0. El resultado fue la reestructuración del PEI a partir de la asociación de las evaluaciones clínicas a los diagnósticos e intervenciones que permite documentar la práctica clínica de enfermería, además de brindar respaldo para la toma de decisiones. Las etapas metodológicas empleadas permitieron hacer la asociación entre la evaluación clínica, los diagnósticos, las intervenciones y los resultados de la CIPE® 1.0 con la ISO 18.104.