Investigation of the effect of rhamnetin on mice injected with solid and ehrlich ascites tumor.

Rhamnetin is a flavonoid which contained in especially clove, such as apple, tea, and onion plant. Rhamnetin has been used in cancer research due to its antitumor and antioxidant properties. In this study, effects of rhamnetin administration at different doses on ascites and solid tumors were investigated in Balb/C mice bearing EAT model that originating from rat breast adenocarcinoma. Experimental procedure: Overall, 92 Balb-c mice were used in this study. EAT cells (1 × 106 cells) that harvested from stock animals were injected to all rats via intraperitoneal and subcutaneous route. Rhamnetin (100 µg/kg-200 µg/kg) were given intraperitoneally and subcutaneously during 10 and 15 days to the animals bearing ascites tumor and solid tumor, respectively. Throughout experiments, weight changes were recorded in all groups. The maximum weight increase was observed in the control group among all groups (ascites and solid tumor groups). In the treatment groups, the least weight increase were determined in 200-µg/kg rhamnetin applied. The lowest increase in tumor volume was observed in the group that received 200-µg/kg rhamnetin (2.84) when compared to tumor control group (3.67). Result and conclusion: We determined that the number of live and dead cells in the treatment groups administered with the mean rhamnetin dose (2.5 µg/ml) was found in the count made in the EAT cell line after the incubation periods. We observed that rhamnetin plays an important role against cancer formation. We have obtained important results in our study, but detailed studies on the relationship between rhamnetin and cancer are needed.

The investigation of the antitumoral effect of Cornus mas L in mice with ehrlich solid tumor.

AIM: Cornus mas L is commonly used due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and anti-oxidant properties. In the study, the effects of C. mas L extract on a solid tumor were examined in the Ehrlich solid tumor model developed in Balb/C type mice. METHODS: Ehrlich acid tumor (EAT) cells (1x106 EAT cell) from the stock animal were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) through the nape of the mice. Treatment groups of solid tumor-induced animals received 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of C. mas L extract intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 14 days. RESULTS: Tumor volumes and animal weights were found to be statistically significant compared to the control group (p < 0.05). AgNOR staining was performed in tumor tissues. Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of TAA/NA ratio (p < 0.05). Immunohistochemical and biochemical parameters were also evaluated. An estimation of tumor proliferation of the lung, liver, brain, kidney, testis and tumor antioxidant parameters viz. lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was made. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the anti-tumor effect of C. mas L in assisted tumor development with EAT cells, was mediated by the enhancement of oxidative stress with multiple mechanisms (Tab. 6, Fig. 12, Ref. 38).

Use of Continuous Metabolic Syndrome Score in Overweight and Obese Children.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS) for predicting metabolic syndrome (MS) and determine the cut-off values in overweight and obese children. METHODS: This study was conducted among 104 children (7-14 y) attending obesity clinics of a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India. The cMetS was computed by standardizing the residuals of waist circumference (WC), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) by regressing them according to age and sex and aggregating them. The optimal cut-off of cMetS for predicting MS was determined by the receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: The cMetS increased significantly with increase in the number of MS risk factors. It was significantly high in children with MS than those without it (boys: 1.070 + 1.834 vs. -1.478 + 2.262; girls: 2.092 + 1.963 vs. -2.253 + 2.140; combined children group: 1.572 + 1.950 vs. -1.907+ 2.374; p < 0.001). The score predicted MS with high accuracy in girls; (AUC of 0.95, 95% CI: 0.90-1.00), moderate accuracy in boys (AUC of 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.92) and in the combined group (AUC of 0.87, 95% CI 0.80-0.94) respectively. The cut-off of cMetS yielding maximal sensitivity and specificity for predicting the MS was -1.009 in boys (sensitivity 93% and specificity 62%); -0.652 in girls (sensitivity 96.4% and specificity 77%) and - 0.6881 in the combined group (sensitivity 91.2% and specificity 70.2%). CONCLUSIONS: cMetS predicted MS with moderate to high accuracy. It had high sensitivity and specificity in predicting MS in overweight and obese children.