RESUMO
Background: Healthcare work is a major risk for having musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), including low back pain (LBP). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of LBP and define its associated risk factors among resident physicians. Material and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among all resident physicians of all specialties in Abha city during the period from July 2020 to September 2020. Data were collected using an online pre-structured data collection tool. The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) (back pain section) was applied to assess the effect of LBP on the residents' ability to perform job duties effectively. Results: A total of 312 resident physicians responded. Their age ranged between 25 and 41 years. Males represented 57.7% of them. The prevalence of LBP was 64.7%. The most common reported aggravating factors for LBP were working in uncomfortable posture (73.3%), standing for long periods (64.4%), and long sitting sessions (51.5%). Regarding the pain-relieving factors, sleeping ranked first (60.4%), followed by taking analgesics (48.5%) and maintaining a good posture (35.6%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that obese subjects were at higher risk than underweight subjects to develop LBP (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =6.18, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26-30.34, P = 0.025). Compared to resident physicians without family history of back pain, those with such history were at almost 4-fold higher risk of developing LBP (AOR = 3.90, 95% CI: 2.33-6.52, P < 0.001). Conclusion: LBP is a very prevalent problem among resident physicians, particularly obese subjects and those with family history of back pain. LBP adversely impacts the work performance of the affected physicians.
RESUMO
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a burgeoning global health concern, closely associated with the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively evaluate the prevalence of NAFLD in DM patients in Saudi Arabia, a country undergoing rapid socioeconomic changes. Our multifaceted search strategy identified four high-quality studies conducted between 2003 and 2022, covering hospital and community settings. The aggregate prevalence rate of NAFLD in DM patients was notably high, ranging from 47.8% to 72.8%. However, substantial heterogeneity (I² = 90.6%) was observed, indicating variability attributed to diverse study characteristics. The uniform application of ultrasound for diagnosis was noteworthy but raised concerns regarding sensitivity. This analysis underscores the urgency of public health measures for early detection and management of NAFLD in DM-prone populations in Saudi Arabia.