RESUMO
No data exists regarding the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene polymorphisms in Turkish alcoholic cirrhotics. We studied the polymorphisms of ADH1B, ADH1C and ALDH2 genes in alcoholic cirrhotics and compared the results with non-cirrhotic alcoholics and healthy volunteers. Overall, 237 subjects were included for the study: 156 alcoholic patients (78 cirrhotics, 78 non-cirrhotic alcoholics) and 81 healthy volunteers. Three different single-nucleotide-polymorphism genotyping methods were used. ADH1C genotyping was performed using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The identified ADH1C genotypes were named according to the presence or absence of the enzyme restriction sites. ADH1B (Arg47Hys) genotyping was performed using the allele specific primer extension method, and ALDH2 (Glu487Lys) genotyping was performed by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction using two allele-specific primer pairs. For ADH1B, the frequency of allele *1 in the cirrhotics, non-cirrhotic alcoholics and healthy volunteers was 97.4%, 94.9% and 99.4%, respectively. For ADH1C, the frequency of allele *1 in the cirrhotics, non-cirrhotic alcoholics and healthy volunteers was 47%, 36.3% and 45%, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the groups for ADH1B and ADH1C (p>0.05). All alcoholic and non-alcoholic subjects (100%) had the allele *1 for ALDH2. The obtained results for ADH1B, ADH1C, and ALDH gene polymorphisms in the present study are similar to the results of Caucasian studies. ADH1B and ADH1C genetic variations are not related to the development of alcoholism or susceptibility to alcoholic cirrhosis. ALDH2 gene has no genetic variation in the Turkish population.
Assuntos
Álcool Desidrogenase/genética , Alcoólicos , Alcoolismo/genética , Aldeído Desidrogenase/genética , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/etnologia , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/genética , Alcoolismo/epidemiologia , Alcoolismo/etnologia , Aldeído-Desidrogenase Mitocondrial , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Frequência do Gene/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/epidemiologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença/etnologia , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Cirrose Hepática Alcoólica/etnologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Turquia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: It is reported that there are many risk factors for the development of separation anxiety disorder (SAD) in children and adolescents. One of the most important factors is the mother-child relationship. It is thought that the temperamental characteristics of the mother have an important role to play in the quality of this relationship. The present study aimed to determine the temperamental characteristics of mothers whose preschool children were diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder. METHOD: The study included 60 mothers of children with separation anxiety disorder (diagnosed between 4 and 7 years of age) and 60 mothers of healthy children who were matched by sociodemographic factors with children with SAD. All cases were evaluated with a sociodemographic form, the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) and The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San-Diego Auto questionnaire (TEMPS-A). RESULTS: Mean age of the children (32 female, 28 male) was 5.12+/-.0.85 years. The children with an anxiety disorder had higher behavioral problem CBCL scores than the control group. The mothers of the children with anxiety disorders had higher depressive, cyclothymic, irritabl and anxious temperament scores than the control group mothers. CONCLUSION: The mothers of the children with separation anxiety disorder had higher scores on depressive, cyclothymic, irritability and anxious temperament scores than the control group mothers. We think that this study can be used to inform future community based, prospective studies.
Assuntos
Ansiedade de Separação/psicologia , Relações Mãe-Filho , Mães/psicologia , Temperamento , Transtornos de Ansiedade/complicações , Ansiedade de Separação/epidemiologia , Ansiedade de Separação/etiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/complicações , Pré-Escolar , Transtorno Ciclotímico/complicações , Transtorno Depressivo/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Humor Irritável , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
It is well known that the prevalence of alcohol use disorders is increasing and represents an important health problem worldwide. Nonetheless, there are an insufficient number of population-based prevalence studies on alcohol use disorders among the general population and women in Turkey. Among the studies performed in Turkey, it has been reported that alcohol use disorders are more common among males and that alcohol use among females is increasing, as in other countries. The alcohol use among females differs from males' in many respects. The purpose of this article was to review the physical differences between males and females relevant to the metabolism of alcohol, and to organic and mental problems caused by alcohol use. In addition we sought to draw attention to the necessity for effective preventative and treatment methods for women.