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Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Neoplasias , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Humanos , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/complicações , Infecções dos Tecidos Moles/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus , Lipoglicopeptídeos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Glicopeptídeos/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
COVID-19 , Planejamento em Desastres , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
In this work nanocomposites based on alginate (Alg) and halloysite as a nanotubular clay (Hy) were developed. Characterization techniques reveal that Hy/Alg nanocomposites are cation exchangers with predominantly negative charge density and good thermal stability. The adsorption equilibrium of Cd(II) in aqueous solution onto Hy/Alg nanocomposites revealed that by increasing the mass of halloysite in the nanocomposite, the adsorption capacity diminished significantly due to the halloysite-alginate interactions. Maximum adsorption capacities of 8, 65, 88, and 132 mg/g of Cd(II) were obtained for samples Hy, Hy/Alg 50%, Hy/Alg 95%, and Alg, respectively. In addition, the adsorption equilibrium of Cd(II) on the Hy/Alg bionanocomposites was affected by the pH and temperature of the solution, demonstrating the presence of electrostatic interactions during adsorption and that this is an exothermic process. The controlling mechanism of adsorption was cation exchange influenced by electrostatic forces. The Cd(II) adsorption rate studies were interpreted by the diffusion-permeation model and reveal that the presence of Hy in the structure of the nanocomposites enhances the permeation coefficient, that is, the adsorption rate was increased. The values of the permeation coefficient varied from 1.95 × 10-7 to 8.50 × 10-7 cm2/s for Hy/Alg 50% and from 1.70 × 10-7 to 3.55 × 10-7 cm2/s for Hy/Alg 95%.
Assuntos
Alginatos , Nanocompostos , Argila/química , Adsorção , Alginatos/química , Cádmio , Minerais , Cinética , Concentração de Íons de HidrogênioRESUMO
The effect of chestnut flour (Castanea sativa Mill) on L. plantarum viability and physicochemical characteristics in a dry-cured sausage (Longaniza de Pascua) during storage is discussed. Four batches were prepared: CL with 3% chestnut flour added; CPL with 3% chestnut flour and 8.5 log CFU/g L. plantarum added; PL with 8.5 log CFU/g L. plantarum added and L, the batch control. The sausages were stored at 4 °C and 20 °C, and vacuum packed for 43 d. L. plantarum viability was affected by storage time (P < 0.001). However, higher L. plantarum counts at the final of storage were reached due to chestnut flour addition (P < 0.001). At room storage, chestnut flour caused a higher increase in TBARS values (P = 0.022). Nevertheless, all lipid oxidation treatments were in the range of accepted values at the sensory detection level. In conclusion, Longaniza de Pascua can be kept at 4 °C or 20 °C for 43 d without causing any rancidity problems.
Assuntos
Fagaceae , Lactobacillus plantarum , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Probióticos , Animais , Bovinos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Armazenamento de Alimentos , Produtos da Carne/análise , Nozes , Suínos , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análiseAssuntos
Ar , Cateterismo , Espaço Epidural , Idoso , Espaço Epidural/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a syndrome with predominantly defective B cell function. However, abnormalities in the number and function of other lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood (PB) have been described in most patients. We have analysed the distribution of iNKT cell subpopulations in the PB of CVID patients and the ability of these cells to provide in vitro cognate B cell help. The total of iNKT cells was reduced in the PB of CVID patients, especially CD4+, CD4-/CD8- and CCR5+/CXCR3+. These findings were associated with an enrichment of memory-like and a tendency towards a reduction in TNF-α-expressing effector iNKT cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of CVID patients. Moreover, an accumulation of follicular helper iNKT cells in the PB of CVID patients was demonstrated. CVID αGalCer-pulsed iNKT cells are not able to induce autologous B cell proliferation although they do induce proliferation to healthy donor B cells. Interestingly, autologous and heterologous co-cultures did not differ in the amount of immunoglobulin secreted by B cells in vitro. Finally, reduced intracellular SAP expression in iNKT cells and other lymphocytes in the blood from CVID patients was observed. These results provide further insights into the immunological mechanisms underlying the iNKT cell defects and the potential targets to improve B cell help in CVID.
Assuntos
Linfócitos B/imunologia , Comunicação Celular , Imunodeficiência de Variável Comum/imunologia , Células T Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Saposinas/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos CD4/metabolismo , Antígenos CD8/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Técnicas de Cocultura , Feminino , Galactosilceramidas/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas/metabolismo , Memória Imunológica , Ativação Linfocitária , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores CCR5/metabolismo , Receptores CXCR3/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
SWINGS was a cooperation project between the European Union and India, aiming at implementing state of the art low-cost technologies for the treatment and reuse of domestic wastewater in rural areas of India. The largest wastewater treatment plant consists of a high-rate anaerobic system, followed by vertical and horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands with a treatment area of around 1,900 m2 and a final step consisting of solar-driven anodic oxidation (AO) and ultraviolet (UV) disinfection units allowing direct reuse of the treated water. The implementation and operation of two pilot plants in north (Aligarh Muslim University, AMU) and central India (Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, IGNTU) are shown in this study. The overall performance of AMU pilot plant during the first 7 months of operation showed organic matter removal efficiencies of 87% total suspended solids, 95% 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and 90% chemical oxygen demand, while Kjeldahl nitrogen removal reached 89%. The UV disinfection unit produces water for irrigation and toilet flushing with pathogenic indicator bacteria well below WHO guidelines. On the other hand, the AO disinfection unit implemented at IGNTU and operated for almost a year has been shown to produce an effluent of sufficient quality to be reused by the local population for agriculture and irrigation.
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Conservação dos Recursos Naturais/métodos , Desinfecção , Luz Solar , Águas Residuárias/microbiologia , Purificação da Água/métodos , Áreas Alagadas , Agricultura , Análise da Demanda Biológica de Oxigênio , Índia , Nitrogênio/análise , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Águas Residuárias/química , Microbiologia da Água , Poluentes Químicos da ÁguaRESUMO
The HIGHWET project combines the hydrolytic up-flow sludge bed (HUSB) anaerobic digester and constructed wetlands (CWs) with forced aeration for decreasing the footprint and improving effluent quality. The HIGHWET plant in A Coruña (NW of Spain) treating municipal wastewater consists of a HUSB and four parallel subsurface horizontal flow (HF) CWs. HF1, HF2 and HF3 units are fitted with forced aeration, while the control HF4 is not aerated. All the HF units are provided with effluent recirculation, but different heights of gravel bed (0.8â m in HF1 and HF2, and 0.5â m in HF3 and HF4) are implemented. Besides, a tobermorite-enriched material was added in the HF2 unit in order to improve phosphorus removal. The HUSB 76-89% of total suspended solids (TSS) and about 40% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD). Aerated HF units reached above 96% of TSS, COD and BOD at a surface loading rate of 29-47â g BOD5/m2·d. An aeration regime ranging from 5â h on/3â h off to 3â h on/5â h off was found to be adequate to optimize nitrogen removal, which ranged from 53% to 81%. Average removal rates of 3.4 ± 0.4â g total nitrogen (TN)/m2·d and 12.8 ± 3.7â g TN/m3·d were found in the aerated units, being 5.5 and 4.1 times higher than those of the non-aerated system. The tobermorite-enriched HF2 unit showed a distinct higher phosphate (60-67%) and total phosphorus (54%) removal.
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Reatores Biológicos , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Áreas Alagadas , Compostos de Amônio/análise , Anaerobiose , Análise da Demanda Biológica de Oxigênio , Hidrólise , Nitratos/análise , Nitritos/análise , Nitrogênio/análise , Fosfatos/análise , Fosfatos/química , Fósforo/análise , Fósforo/química , Poaceae , Águas Residuárias/análise , Águas Residuárias/química , Poluentes da Água/análise , Poluentes da Água/químicaRESUMO
Soft-tissue sarcomas are uncommon and heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin. A soft-tissue mass that is increasing in size, greater than 5 cm, or located under deep fascia are criteria for suspicion of sarcoma. Diagnosis, treatment, and management should preferably be performed by a multidisciplinary team in reference centers. MRI and lung CT scan are mandatory for local and distant assessment. A biopsy indicating histological type and grade is needed previous to the treatment. Wide surgical resection with tumor-free tissue margin is the primary treatment for localized disease. Radiotherapy is indicated in large, deep, high-grade tumors, or after marginal resection not likely of being improved with reexcision. Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy improve survival in selected cases, usually in high-grade sarcomas of the extremities. In the case of metastatic disease, patients with exclusive lung metastasis could be considered for surgery. First-line treatment with anthracyclines (or in combination with ifosfamide) is the treatment of choice. New drugs have shown activity in second-line therapy and in specific histological subtypes.
Assuntos
Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Sarcoma/diagnóstico , Sarcoma/terapia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/terapia , Humanos , Gradação de Tumores , Metástase Neoplásica , EspanhaRESUMO
The aim of this research was to determine methane and carbon dioxide emissions from a hybrid constructed wetland (CW) treating anaerobically pre-treated sewage. The CW was constituted of two horizontal flow (free water surface followed by a subsurface) units. A long-term study was carried out as both CW units were monitored for three campaigns in Period 1 (0.9-1.5years after start-up), and four campaigns in Period 2 (4.5-5.8years after start-up). The closed chamber method with collecting surfaces of 1810cm(2) was used. For this system, variability due to position in the transverse section of CW, plant presence or absence and recommended sampling period was determined. Overall methane emissions ranged from 96 to 966mgCH4m(-2) d(-1), depending on several factors as the operation time, the season of the year and the position in the system. Methane emissions increased from 267±188mgCH4m(-2)d(-1) during the second year of operation to 543±161mgCH4m(-2)d(-1) in the sixth year of operation. Methane emissions were related to the age of the CW and the season of the year, being high in spring and becoming lower from spring to winter. Total CO2 emissions ranged mostly from 3500 to 5800mgCO2m(-2)d(-1) during the sixth year of operation, while nitrous oxide emissions were below the detection limit of the method.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Metano/análise , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Áreas Alagadas , Monitoramento Ambiental , Efeito EstufaRESUMO
The aim of this work was to develop chitosan edible films added with essential oils obtained from two Thymus species, Thymus moroderi (TMEO) and Thymus piperella (TPEO) to determine their application for enhancing safety (antioxidant and antibacterial properties) and shelf-life of cooked cured ham (CCH) stored at 4 °C during 21 days. Addition of TMEO and TPEO into chitosan films decreased the aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts in coated cooked cured ham samples as compared with uncoated samples. Both AMB and LAB showed the lowest counts in CCH samples coated with chitosan films added with TPEO at 2 %. In regard to lipid oxidation, the CCH samples coated with chitosan films added with TMEO or TPEO had lower degrees of lipid oxidation than uncoated control samples. Chitosan films added with TPEO at 2 % showed the lowest values. The addition of TPEO or TMEO in chitosan films used as coated in CCH improved their shelf life.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The main objective of the study is to analyze the perception of difficult encounters experienced by the various professional groups involved in patient care. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The methodology used is qualitative, using focus groups. Four groups were formed: doctors, nurses, primary care receptionists, and experts in communication skills. The location was primary care, in Ourense area. Sampling was purposive. Patients were recruited by a member of the same professional group. Each session was recorded on audio and video. Information was categorized by reference to the bibliography and information resulting from conversations. RESULTS: The following categories were established: the concept of a difficult patient/difficult encounter, reasons for difficulty, consequences for the professional and patient, individual strategies of management, and strategies that institutions should take. The concept of difficulty varies among the different groups. All are capable of recognizing the professional responsibility, but this aspect does not arise spontaneously, except in the group of experts. In relation to difficult encounter management, most express strategies based on common sense and experience. The expert group uses more sophisticated techniques. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in the quality of discourse and positioning relative to the user from the group of experts and other groups. Training in communication techniques is recommended to encourage a change in attitudes towards a patient-centered code, but the content of training should be developed based on knowledge of the group to which they are addressed.
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Comunicação , Pessoal de Saúde/psicologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Competência Clínica , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although single, high doses of vitamin D effectively maintain vitamin D sufficiency in several populations, no studies have evaluated healthy adults over winter, during which vitamin D status declines. This study investigated whether high-dose vitamin D3 given once to healthy adults before winter will (1) prevent the wintertime decline in vitamin D status, (2) promote vitamin D sufficiency 1 year following the dose and (3) prevent the rise of parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we assessed plasma 25(OH)D and PTH concentrations at baseline, 5, 90 and 365 days after drug administration in 28 healthy adults. In all, >80% of subjects returned at each time point. RESULTS: At baseline, the young, healthy participants had a mean plasma 25(OH)D concentration of 17.5±6.1 ng/ml. Only two subjects exhibited plasma 25(OH)D concentrations >30 ng/ml. At 5 days, subjects randomized to vitamin D3 had a higher mean plasma 25(OH)D concentration compared with the placebo group (39.1 vs 19.1 ng/ml, P<0.001). Plasma 25(OH)D concentrations returned to baseline at 90 and 365 days in the vitamin D3 group and remained unchanged in the placebo group. PTH and calcium concentrations were unrelated to changes in 25(OH)D levels and similar between groups over time. CONCLUSIONS: A dose of 250,000 IU of vitamin D3 given once in November resulted in a robust increase in plasma 25(OH)D after 5 days, but it was unable to sustain this increase after 90 days. A larger or more frequent dosing regimen may be needed for long-term vitamin D sufficiency.
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Colecalciferol/uso terapêutico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Estações do Ano , Deficiência de Vitamina D/tratamento farmacológico , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Cálcio/sangue , Colecalciferol/sangue , Colecalciferol/farmacologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Masculino , Valores de Referência , Vitamina D/análogos & derivados , Vitamina D/sangue , Vitamina D/farmacologia , Vitamina D/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de Vitamina D/sangue , Vitaminas/sangue , Vitaminas/farmacologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Dates are an interesting source of bioactive compounds, and coproducts from the date industry are of potential use in the manufacturing of meat products. In the present research, spreadable pork liver pâtés were made using fresh date coproducts (2.5% and 7.5%) as a potential functional ingredient and an ethanolic annatto extract (128 mg/kg) as colorant. The effect of these 2 ingredients on the lipid oxidation and microbial quality of the pâtés was assessed during 21 d of storage. The pâtés containing 7.5% date paste were seen to have the highest content of phenolic compounds during storage. The combination of 2.5% date paste and annatto protected pâtés against lipid oxidation throughout the 21 d of storage, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances values being 0.47 mg MDA/kg at the end of this period, while other combinations increased oxidation compared to the control pâté. The control and those made with 2.5% date paste alone showed the highest counts of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, while the addition of annatto and/or 7.5% date paste reduced this count. The results suggest that a combination of both ingredients is necessary to reduce oxidation and microbial growth, but whereas the concentration of 2.5% is more appropriate to reduce oxidation, the combination with 7.5% date paste reduces the microbial counts. Both ingredients could have an opportunity of valorization in the meat industry for improving the quality.
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Carotenoides/farmacologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Produtos da Carne/microbiologia , Phoeniceae/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Bixaceae , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Manipulação de Alimentos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Fígado , Produtos da Carne/análise , Oxirredução , Fenóis/análise , Suínos , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análise , Água/análiseRESUMO
During recent decades, the food industry, consumers, and regulatory authorities have developed a significant interest in functional foods because of their potential benefits for human health over and above their basic nutritional value. Tomato is the second most important vegetable crop in the world. The amount of the related wastes is estimated at up to 50,000 tons per year, representing a serious disposal problem with a consequent negative impact on the environment. Tomato byproducts contain a great variety of biologically active substances, principally lycopene, which have been demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies to possess antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and anticarcinogenic activities. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the functional and physiological properties of the principal bioactive compound present in tomato and tomato byproducts, lycopene, its addition to meat, and meat products.
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Carotenoides , Indústria Alimentícia , Promoção da Saúde , Carne , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Ração Animal , Antioxidantes , Disponibilidade Biológica , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Carotenoides/isolamento & purificação , Carotenoides/farmacocinética , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Tecnologia de Alimentos , Alimento Funcional , Humanos , Licopeno , Produtos da Carne , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Valor NutritivoAssuntos
Laparoscopia/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Neurilemoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Retroperitoneais/cirurgia , Região Sacrococcígea/cirurgia , Humanos , Neurilemoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Retroperitoneais/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In the last decades has increased significantly The birth of children from 37 to 38 weeks of gestation, a period called early term, has significantly increased in the past twenty years or so, parallel to the increase in induced deliveries and the cesarean rate. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective cohorts population study, which included those babies born between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation in the period 1992-2011 (n=35.539). This population was divided into two cohorts, early term newborn (RNTP) of 37-38 weeks (n=11,318), and full term newborn (RNTC), of 39-41 weeks of gestation (n=24,221). The rates of cesarean section, neonatal unit admission, respiratory morbidity, apnea and need for assisted ventilation, hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy, hypoglycemia, seizures, hypoxic-ischemia encephalopathy, need for parenteral nutrition and early sepsis were all reviewed. RESULTS: There was a progressive increase in the number of caesarean sections throughout the period studied (from 30.9% to 40.3%). The cesarean section rate was higher in RNTP than in the RNTC (38.3% vs 31.3%, P<.0001). On comparing the two groups, significant differences were found in the rate of admission to neonatal unit, 9.1% vs 3.5% (P<.0001); respiratory morbidity (hyaline membrane 0.14% vs 0.007% [P<.0001], transient tachypnea 1.71% vs 0.45% [P<.0001], mechanical ventilation 0.2% vs 0.07% [P<.009], continuous positive airway pressure 0.11% vs 0.01% [P<.0001]), phototherapy 0.29% vs 0.07% (P<.0001), hypoglycemia 0.54% vs 0.11% (P<.0001), parenteral nutrition 0.16% vs 0.04% (P<.0001). There were no significant differences in the rate of early sepsis, pneumothorax, aspiration syndromes, seizures and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. CONCLUSIONS: In our environment, there is a significant number of RNTP, which have a significantly higher morbidity than newborns RNTC registered. After individualizing each case, it is essential not end a pregnancy before 39 weeks of gestation, except for maternal, placental or fetal conditions indicating that continuing the pregnancy may increase the risk for the fetus and/or the mother.
Assuntos
Doenças do Prematuro/epidemiologia , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The potential of foundry sands, industrial waste from the iron foundry industry, was evaluated for the removal of Cr (VI) using discontinuous assays. Chemical foundry sands are composed of fine silica sand, furanic resins as binder, chemical catalyst and residual iron particles. The influence ofpH, agitation rate and metal concentration on the removal process was investigated. Kinetic and equilibrium tests were conducted to determine Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions at a temperature range of 25-55 degrees C. Cr (VI) removal of 40-100% for a range of pH 6-1.6 was obtained. This removal was attributed to the presence of a large number of protonated silanol and aluminol groups. Cr (VI) adsorption in foundry sands follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic reaction (Ho model, r2 > 0.999) reaching kinetic constants of 0.341, 0.551, 0.775 and 0.920 g/mg h at 25, 35, 45 and 55 degrees C, respectively. The adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model (r > 0.99) obtaining adsorption capacities (q(max)) of 1.99, 2.40, 2.50, and 3.14 mg Cr (VI)/g sand at 25, 35, 45 and 55 degrees C, respectively. Calculated Gibbs free energy change (deltaG0), adsorption energy (E) and activation energy (E(a)) values indicate that a physisorption mechanism governs Cr (VI) adsorption process in foundry sands.