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1.
J Biomed Mater Res A ; 108(5): 1186-1202, 2020 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32031743

RESUMO

In pursuit of a preventive therapeutic for maternal autoantibody-related (MAR) autism, we assessed the toxicity, biodistribution, and clearance of a MAR specific peptide-functionalized dextran iron oxide nanoparticle system in pregnant murine dams. We previously synthesized ~15 nm citrate-coated dextran iron oxide nanoparticles (DIONPs), surface-modified with polyethylene glycol and MAR peptides to produce systems for nanoparticle-based autoantibody reception and entrapments (SNAREs). First, we investigated their immunogenicity and MAR lactate dehydrogenase B antibody uptake in murine serum in vitro. To assess biodistribution and toxicity, as well as systemic effects, we performed in vivo clinical and post mortem pathological evaluations. We observed minimal production of inflammatory cytokines-interleukin 10 (IL-10) and IL-12 following in vitro exposure of macrophages to SNAREs. We established the maximum tolerated dose of SNAREs to be 150 mg/kg at which deposition of iron was evident in the liver and lungs by histology and magnetic resonance imaging but no concurrent evidence of liver toxicity or lung infarction was detected. Further, SNAREs exhibited slower clearance from the maternal blood in pregnant dams compared to DIONPs based on serum total iron concentration. These findings demonstrated that the SNAREs have a prolonged presence in the blood and are safe for use in pregnant mice as evidenced by no associated organ damage, failure, inflammation, and fetal mortality. Determination of the MTD dose sets the basis for future studies investigating the efficacy of our nanoparticle formulation in a MAR autism mouse model.


Assuntos
Dextranos/toxicidade , Epitopos/toxicidade , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Ferro/toxicidade , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/análise , Dextranos/análise , Dextranos/farmacocinética , Epitopos/análise , Feminino , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Ferro/análise , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Gravidez , Distribuição Tecidual
2.
Nanomedicine ; 21: 102067, 2019 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31349087

RESUMO

Recently, the causative agents of Maternal Autoantibody-Related (MAR) autism, pathological autoantibodies and their epitopic targets (e.g. lactate dehydrogenase B [LDH B] peptide), have been identified. Herein, we report on the development of Systems for Nanoparticle-based Autoantibody Reception and Entrapment (SNAREs), which we hypothesized could scavenge disease-propagating MAR autoantibodies from the maternal blood. To demonstrate this functionality, we synthesized 15 nm dextran iron oxide nanoparticles surface-modified with citric acid, methoxy PEG(10 kDa) amine, and LDH B peptide (33.8 µg peptide/cm2). In vitro, we demonstrated significantly lower macrophage uptake for SNAREs compared to control NPs. The hallmark result of this study was the efficacy of the SNAREs to remove 90% of LDH B autoantibody from patient-derived serum. Further, in vitro cytotoxicity testing and a maximal tolerated dose study in mice demonstrated the safety of the SNARE formulation. This work establishes the feasibility of SNAREs as the first-ever prophylactic against MAR autism.


Assuntos
Transtorno Autístico/tratamento farmacológico , Autoanticorpos , Nanopartículas , Peptídeos , Animais , Transtorno Autístico/sangue , Transtorno Autístico/imunologia , Transtorno Autístico/patologia , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Nanopartículas/química , Nanopartículas/uso terapêutico , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Células RAW 264.7
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