Influence of Linear Diamine Counterions on the Self-Assembly of Glycine-, Alanine-, Valine-, and Leucine-Based Amphiphiles.

Electrical conductimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to investigate the aggregation behaviors of four amino acid-based surfactants (AABSs; undecanoyl-glycine, undecanoyl-l-alanine, undecanoyl-l-valine, undecanoyl-l-leucine) in the presence of five linear diamine counterions (1,2-diaminoethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,6-diaminohexane). Electrical conductimetry was used to measure the CMCs for each system, which ranged from 5.1 to 22.5 mM. With respect to counterions, the obtained CMCs decreased with increases in the interamine spacer length; this was attributed to the improved torsional binding flexibility in longer counterions. Strong linear correlations (mean R2 = 0.9443) were observed between the CMCs and predicted surfactant partition coefficients (logP; water/octanol), suggesting that micellization is primarily driven by the AABS's hydrophobicity for these systems. However, significant deviations in this linear relationship were observed for systems containing 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,4-diaminobutane, and 1,6-diaminohexane (p = 0.0774), suggesting altered binding dynamics for these counterions. pH measurements during the CMC determination experiments indicated the full deprotonation of the AABSs but did not give clear insights into the counterion protonation states, thus yielding an inconclusive evaluation of their charge stabilization effects during binding. However, DLS measurements revealed that the micellar size remained largely independent of the counterion length for counterions longer than 1,2-diaminoethane, with hydrodynamic diameters ranging from 2.2 to 2.8 nm. This was explained by the formation of charge-stabilized noncovalent dimers, with each counterion bearing a full +2 charge. Conductimetry-based estimates of the degrees of counterion binding (ß) and free energies of micellization (ΔG°M) revealed that bulky AABSs exhibit preferential binding to counterions with an even number of methylene groups. It is proposed that when these counterions form noncovalent dimers, perturbations in their natural geometries result in the formation of a binding pocket that accommodates the AABS steric bulk. While the direct application of these systems remains to be seen, this study provides valuable insights into the structure-property relationships that govern AABS aggregation.

Implementing front-of-pack nutrition warning labels in Mexico: important lessons for low- and middle-income countries.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the implementation of front-of-pack nutrition labelling (FOPNL) in Mexico. DESIGN: Review of publicly accessible documents, including legislative websites, news sources, and government, intergovernmental, and advocacy reports. Usage of the policy cycle model to analyse the implementation and evaluation stages of Mexico's General Health Law, amended with FOPNL (2019-2022). RESULTS: In October 2019, the government published a draft modification of the Norma Oficial Mexicana (Official Mexican Standard) to regulate and enforce a new FOPNL warning label system. A 60-d public consultation period followed (October-December 2019), and the regulation was published in March 2020 and implementation began in October 2020. An analysis of nine key provisions of the Standard revealed that the food and beverage industry and its allies weakened some original provisions including health claims, warnings for added sweeteners and display areas. On the other hand, local and international public health groups maintained key regulations including the ban on cartoon character advertisements, standardised portions and nutrient criteria following international best practices. Early implementation appears to have high compliance and helped contribute to reformulating unhealthy products. Continued barriers to implementation include industry efforts to create double fronts and market their cartoon characters on social media and through digitalised marketing. CONCLUSION: Early success in implementing the new FOPNL system in Mexico was the result of an inclusive and participatory regulatory process dedicated to maintaining public health advances, local and international health advocacy support, and continued monitoring. Other countries proposing and enacting FOPNL should learn from the Mexican experience to maintain scientifically proven best practices, counter industry barriers and minimise delays in implementation.

Binge drinking as a risk factor for violence among secondary school students in a nationally representative sample in Puerto Rico.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the association between binge drinking and violence in a representative sample of secondary-school students in Puerto Rico. METHODS: Consulta Juvenil VII (a biennial survey of school-aged youths in Puerto Rico) has a representative sample of adolescent students in Puerto Rico. A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling design was used. The sampling frame of Consulta Juvenil VII includes all the public and private schools registered with the Department of Education and the Council of General Education in Puerto Rico. The study utilizes a self-administered questionnaire that was translated and adapted from the "Student Survey of Risk and Protective Factors and Prevalence of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use". "Binge drinking" was defined as having 5 or more alcoholic drinks in a row during the 30 days preceding the survey. RESULTS: Almost 20% of the sample members reported that at least 1 instance of binge drinking had taken place during the 2 weeks prior to the survey (17.7%). After controlling for gender, age, school level, the type of system, and the parents' educational levels, the odds of a given binge drinker reporting violent behaviors were 5 times greater than the odds among non-binge drinkers (OR: 5.6; 95% CI: 4.7-6.7). CONCLUSION: The study shows an association between binge drinking and violence in Puerto Rican adolescents, indicating that Hispanic youths who abuse alcohol may be at increased risk of violence. These findings suggest that violence prevention programs should be integrated with substance use prevention programs. [PR Health

Miocardiopatía del atleta / Athlete's cardiomyopathy

La práctica de los deportes de alto nivel es cada vez más común. En el presente trabajo se revisa una serie de conceptos sobre la muerte súbita en atletas y cómo se puede incluir el concepto de "miocardiopatía del atleta" en el conocimiento disponible hasta la fecha. La prevalencia de muerte súbita en atletas es mayor que en la población general (1.5:100,000 contra 0.2:100,000 respectivamente). Esta diferencia puede ser secundaria a ciertos cambios miocárdicos derivados del ejercicio de resistencia. Consistentemente se han estado describiendo cambios anatómicos y funcionales de predominio ventricular derecho que semejan a una displasia arritmogénica, lo que da lugar a la hipótesis de que el ejercicio de resistencia de alto nivel puede inducir una forma de miocardiopatía que explica un cierto número de casos de muerte súbita en atletas. Los profesionales de la salud deben conocer esta posibilidad de riesgo en atletas entrenados, al tiempo que deben estimular la realización de ejercicio moderado regular como una práctica saludable en la población general.

High performance sports practice is more common every day. In the present work we evaluate several concepts regarding sudden death among athletes and the recently described "Athlete's cardiomyopathy". The prevalence of sudden death among athletes is higher than among the general population (1.5:100,000 versus 0.2:100,000 respectively). This difference can be related to myocardial changes derived from endurance exercise. There are consistent descriptions of anatomical and functional changes, more specific to the right ventricle that simulate an arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. This can originate the hypothesis that such a cardiomyopathy can explain a certain number of sudden deaths among athletes. As healthcare professionals we have to be aware of this possibility among trained athletes, although we must continue to encourage moderate physical activity as a healthy behaviour among the general population.

Comparative study of the morphology of stridulatory organs of the Iberian lycaenid butterfly pupae (Lepidoptera).

We compared the pupal stridulatory organs of 35 species and one subspecies of Iberian Lycaenidae using scanning electron microscopy. The studied species belong to the tribes Theclini, Eumaeini, Lycaenini, and Polyommatini. Nine species do not show stridulatory organs on the pupae but all other species possess them. Stridulatory organs are formed by a stridulatory plate (pars stridens) placed on the fifth abdominal segment and a file (plectron) in the sixth abdominal segment. The plate has tubercles in the Theclini and Lycaenini, tubercles, ridges, or undulations in the Eumaenini, and tubercles, teeth, or unspecialized structures in the Polyommatini. Morphological differences can be found in the files of the different tribes, regarding the number of teeth, their form and size. Cuticular formations of the organs were studied on a surface of 2,500 µm(2) and the average of ridges, tubercles, and teeth was measured searching for relevant taxonomic information. Stridulatory organs were thought to be an adaptation to myrmecophily but we show that they are present both in myrmecophilous and nonmyrmecophilous species; therefore, we suggest that this trait probably did not evolve in relation with myrmecophily, but may be used to enhance relationships with ants.

Cultural tailoring and feasibility assessment of a sexual health middle school curriculum: a pilot test in Puerto Rico.

BACKGROUND: To assess the need for cultural tailoring of an effective sexual health middle school curriculum, "It's Your Game: Keep It Real" (IYG), prior to implementation in Puerto Rican (PR) middle schools. METHODS: Seventy-three seventh-grade bilingual students participated in IYG curriculum activities (both group-based and computer-based) in two 2-hour testing sessions in spring 2008. Rating scales of acceptability, understandability, credibility, ease of use, and motivational appeal and qualitative feedback via open-ended responses and group process provided insight into needed surface and deep structure cultural tailoring. RESULTS: Students rated IYG highly on cultural tailoring and motivational parameters and were highly engaged by the lesson content. School personnel rated IYG as a feasible strategy for use in PR middle schools. While surface cultural elements (eg, characters, attire, body language) were identified as important foci for adaptation, content related to deeper cultural elements such as core behaviors, risky situations, attitudes, and specific skills were considered as relevant to PR youth as to their US counterparts. CONCLUSION: Effective human immunodeficiency virus, sexually transmitted disease, and pregnancy skills training prevention programs such as IYG that are developed for minority US youth may offer a feasible option for international implementation when extensive cultural adaptation is not a viable option.

Caracterización fenotípica de cepas de Aeromonas aisladas de pacientes con enfermedad diarreica aguda / Phenotypic characterization of Aeromonas isolated from patients with acute diarrheal diseases

INTRODUCCIÓN: las enfermedades diarreicas agudas constituyen una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en los niños menores de 5 años y en la población general, esto ocasiona una gran demanda de atención en los servicios de salud. La situación se agrava por el abuso de los antimicrobianos y el desarrollo de resistencia bacteriana, suceso que hoy día constituye un problema emergente de salud en diversas regiones del mundo. Entre los microorganismos causantes de enfermedades diarreicas agudas se encuentran los pertenecientes al género Aeromonas, los cuales han sido reconocidos como patógenos emergentes de riesgo II. OBJETIVOS: determinar las especies de Aeromonas más frecuentemente aisladas a partir de muestras de heces de pacientes con enfermedades diarreicas agudas y su susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. MÉTODOS: se determinó la susceptibilidad mediante el método de Bauer-Kirby frente a diferentes antimicrobianos a 100 aislamientos remitidos desde los centros provinciales de higiene y epidemiología del país durante 2007-2008. RESULTADOS: En 67 por ciento de los aislamientos se logró la identificación hasta especie, se observó el predominio de A. caviae (33 por ciento) y A. hydrophila (29 por ciento). Se demostró que 100 por ciento de los aislamientos resultaron resistentes al menos a un antimicrobiano de los investigados. El porcentaje más elevado de resistencia se observó frente a la cefalotina, las sulfonamidas y el ácido nalidíxico. CONCLUSIONES: se propone a la tetraciclina y el cloranfenicol como fármacos de elección para el tratamiento de las infecciones intestinales producidas por estos microorganismos en Cuba.

INTRODUCTION: the acute diarrheal diseases are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children aged under 5 years and in the general population; this demands a great deal of care in the healthcare services. The situation worsens due to the overuse of antimicrobials and the development of bacterial resistance, being the latter an emerging health problem in different areas of the world. Among the causative microorganisms of acute diarrheal diseases are those of Aeromonas genus, recognized as second risk emerging pathogens. OBJECTIVES: to determine the most frequently isolated Aeromonas species in fecal samples from acute diarrheal patients and their antimicrobial susceptibility. METHODS: the Bauer-Kirby´s method allowed identifying the susceptibility to several antimicrobials of 100 isolated samples coming from the provincial hygiene and epidemiology centers during 2007 and 2008. RESULTS: identification of the species was accomplished in 67 percent of isolates, being A. caviae (33 percent) y A. hydrophila (29 percent) the predominant species. It was demonstrated that 100 percent of isolates got resistant to at least one of the studied antimicrobials. Drug resistance to cefalotine, sulfonamides and nalidixic acid showed the highest percentages. CONCLUSIONS: tetracycline and chloramphenicol are recommended as the drugs of choice for treating intestinal infections caused by these microorganisms in Cuba.

[Phenotypic characterization of Aeromonas isolated from patients with acute diarrheal diseases]. / Caracterización fenotípica de cepas de Aeromonas aisladas de pacientes con enfermedad diarreica aguda.

INTRODUCTION: The acute diarrheal diseases are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children aged under 5 years and in the general population; this demands a great deal of care in the healthcare services. The situation worsens due to the overuse of antimicrobials and the development of bacterial resistance, being the latter an emerging health problem in different areas of the world. Among the causative microorganisms of acute diarrheal diseases are those of Aeromonas genus, recognized as second risk emerging pathogens. OBJECTIVES: To determine the most frequently isolated Aeromonas species in fecal samples from acute diarrheal patients and their antimicrobial susceptibility. METHODS: The Bauer-Kirby's method allowed identifying the susceptibility to several antimicrobials of 100 isolated samples coming from the provincial hygiene and epidemiology centers during 2007 and 2008. RESULTS: Identification of the species was accomplished in 67% of isolates, being A. caviae (33%) y A. hydrophila (29%) the predominant species. It was demonstrated that 100% of isolates got resistant to at least one of the studied antimicrobials. Drug resistance to cefalotine, sulfonamides and nalidixic acid showed the highest percentages. CONCLUSIONS: Tetracycline and chloramphenicol are recommended as the drugs of choice for treating intestinal infections caused by these microorganisms in Cuba.

Suceptibilidad antimicrobiana de bacilos gramnegativos anaerobios facultativos oxidasa positiva / Susceptibility antimicrobial of bacilli gram negative facultative anaerobes positive oxidase

El carácter autolimitado de las infecciones entéricas provocadas por los bacilos gramnegativos anaerobios facultativos oxidasa positiva reserva la terapia antimicrobiana para los casos de disentería severa, enfermedad parecida al cólera o en las diarreas prolongadas, para los pacientes inmunocomprometidos con enfermedades subyacentes y ante una evidencia de infección extraintestinal. En esta investigación se estudió la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de 89 cepas de bacilos gramnegativos anaerobios facultativos oxidasa positiva aislados de pacientes con enfermedad diarreica aguda enviados al Laboratorio Nacional de Referencias de Enfermedad Diarreica Aguda del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kouri aislados de heces de pacientes con enfermedad diarreica aguda, frente a 23 antimicrobianos utilizando el método de Bauer-kirby con el fin de conocer en nuestro país la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana de estos microorganismos. El estudio de la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana mostró elevados porcentajes de resistencia de Aeromonas spp. frente a la cefazolina, cafalotina y cefalexina, la mayoría de las cepas de Vibrio cholerae no-01 y Plesiomonas shigelloides fueron resistentes al trimetoprim sulfametoxazol y cefazolina, respectivamente. Mientras que, la resistencia a la ampicilina fue común para los tres géneros. No se observaron cepas de Vibrio cholerae no-01 multirresistentes. Los resultados obtenidos señalan la importancia de implementar una continua y sistemática vigilancia microbiológica de estos agentes

The self limit character of the enteric infections caused by the gramnegative bacilli anaerobes medical oxidasa positive reservation the therapy antimicrobiana for the cases of severe dysentery, similar illness to the cholera or in the lingering diarrhoeas, for the patient inmunocomprometidos with underlying illnesses and before an evidence of infection extraintestinal. In this investigation the susceptibility antimicrobiana of 89 stumps of bacilli gramnegativos isolated anaerobes medical positive oxidasa was studied of patient with illness diarrheic sharp correspondents to the National Laboratory of References of Illness Sharp Diarrheic of the Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro isolated Kouri of grounds of patient with illness sharp diarrheic, in front of 23 antimicrobianos using the method of Bauer-kirby with the purpose of knowing in our country the susceptibility antimicrobiana of these microorganisms. The study of the susceptibility antimicrobiana showed high percentages of resistance of Aeromonas spp. in front of the cefazolina, cafalotina and cefalexina, most of the stumps of Vibrio cholerae no-01 and Plesiomonas shigelloides went resistant to the trimetoprim sulfametoxazol and cefazolina, respectively. While, the resistance to the ampicilina was common for the three goods. Strains of Vibrio cholerae were not observed no-01 multirresistentes. The obtained results point out the importance of implementing a continuous and systematic surveillance microbiological of these agents

Factores de virulencia en cepas de Aeromonas aisladas de pacientes con enfermedad diarreica aguda en Cuba / Virulence factors in Aeromonas strains isolated from patients with acute diarrheas in Cuba

Objetivo: se realizó un estudio en cepas de Aeromonas aisladas de pacientes con enfermedad diarreica aguda en Cuba, para conocer la expresión fenotípica de la citotoxina y la enterotoxina como factores de virulencia. Métodos: se investigaron 46 cepas (A. hydrophila, A. veronii biovar sobria, A. caviae, A. veronii biovar veronii y Aeromonas spp.), aisladas de heces de pacientes con enfermedad diarreica aguda, en el período comprendido entre 2005 y 2006. Todas las cepas tenían identificado su patrón de susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. Se comprobó la expresión fenotípica de la citotoxina y la enterotoxina en la línea celular Vero. Resultados: el estudio demostró que 91,31 por ciento de las cepas mostraron actividad citotóxica y 43,48 por ciento actividad enterotóxica. De las cepas multirresistentes, 93,75 por ciento presentó al menos un factor de virulencia estudiado. Conclusiones: los resultados demostraron que los 2 factores de virulencia investigados estuvieron presentes en las cepas estudiadas, contribuyendo así a los múltiples esfuerzos que se realizan para conocer los mecanismos de enteropatogenicidad de este género bacteriano.

Objective: A study was carried out in Aeromonas strains isolated from patients with acute diarrheas in Cuba to find out the phenotypical expression of the cytotoxin and the enterotoxin as virulence factors. Methods: Forty six strains of the genus Aeromonas (A. hydrophila, A. veronii bv sobria, A. caviae, A. veronii bv veronii and Aeromonas spp.) isolated from stool specimens taken form patients with acute diarrheal disease were studied from 2005 to 2006. All the strains had their pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern identified. The phenotypic expression of the cytotoxin and the enterotoxin in the Vero cell line was checked. Results: It was demonstrated that 91,31 percent of the strains showed cytotoxic activity and 43,48 percent of them enterotoxic activity. Regarding multiresistant strains, 93,75 percent presented with at least one of the studied virulence factors. Conclusions: these results proved that the two researched virulence factors did exist in the studied strains, thus contributing to the many efforts that are being made to learn about the mechanisms of enteropathogenicity of this bacterial genus.

Aislamiento e identificación de Aeromonas y Plesiomonas en el embalse Niña Bonita, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba / Isolation and identification of Aeromonas and Plesiomonas in Niña Bonita dam in City of Havana province, Cuba

Objetivo: se realizó un estudio del agua del embalse Niña Bonita situado en Ciudad de La Habana para conocer la circulación de microorganismos de los géneros Aeromonas y Plesiomonas. Métodos: se colocaron 10 hisopos de Moore en diferentes puntos del embalse en 2002, los cuales fueron trabajados en el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de Enfermedades Diarreicas Agudas del Instituto de Medicina Tropical Pedro Kourí. Las especies del género Aeromonas se determinaron aplicando los esquemas Aerokey II y Aeroesquema, este último fue además utilizado para la identificación de Plesiomonas. El serotipaje se realizó según el Esquema de Serotipaje Internacional. Resultados: de los hisopos se aislaron 23 cepas, de las cuales 18 (78 por ciento) pertenecían al género Aeromonas y 5 (22 por ciento) al género Plesiomonas. Las especies de Aeromonas identificadas en orden de frecuencia resultaron: A. veronii bv sobria (33 por ciento), A. trota (28 por ciento), A. jandaei (22,5 por ciento), A. hydrophila (11 por ciento) y A. caviae (5,5 por ciento). De las 5 cepas de Plesiomonas shigelloides, 3 resultaron no tipables y 2 pertenecían a los serotipos O9:H2 y O76:H39; este último circulaba por primera vez en Cuba. Conclusiones: se demostró la presencia de cepas de Aeromonas y Plesiomonas en el embalse Niña Bonita, que pudieran constituir un riesgo para la salud humana.

Objective: A study on Niña Bonita reservoir waters located in City of Havana province was conducted to find out the circulation of Aeromonas and Plesiomonas genus microorganisms. Methods: Ten Moore swabs were placed at different points of this reservoir in 2002, which were examined in the National Reference Laboratory of Diarrheal Diseases of Pedro Kourí Institute. Aeromonas species were determined through Aerokey II and Aeroesquema schemes, being the latter also used for Plesiomonas detection. Serotyping was performed according to the International Serotyping Scheme. Results: twenty three strains were isolated from the swabs of which 18 (78 por ciento) belonged to the Aeromonas genus and 5 (22 percent) to Plesiomonas genus. In order of frequency, the identified Aeromonas species were A. veroniir bv sobria (33 por ciento), A. trota (28 percent), A. jandaei (22.5 percent), A. hydrophila (11 percent) and A. caviae (5.5 percent). Out of the 5 Plesiomonas shigelloides strains, 3 were non-typable and 2 corresponded to serotypes O9:H2 and O76:H39, being the latter detected for the first time in our country. Conclusions: The circulation of Aeromonas and Plesiomonas strains in Niña Bonita reservoir was confirmed, which could pose a risk for human health.

Caracterización de un brote de Shigella boydii 14 por primera vez en Cuba / Characterization of an aoutbreak of Shigella boydii 14 for the first time in Cuba

Se propuso la caracterización de 14 cepas de Shigella boydii 14 aisladas de pacientes con enfermedad diarreica aguda mediante sus plásmidos de resistencia y de las proteínas de la membrana externa presentes en ellas. Se realizó la determinación de la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana por el método de concentración mínima inhibitoria, la extracción de plásmidos R fue según Manaitis, los extractos proteicos de las cepas se obtuvieron según el método de Blaser modificado y las proteínas de la membrana externa fueron separadas por SDS-PAGE por el método de Laemmli. Se comprobó que las cepas resultaron resistentes a la ampicilina (100 porciento), la tetraciclina (70 porciento) y al cotrimoxazol (50 porciento), y sensibles al ácido nalidíxico y a la ciprofloxacina. Se observó la presencia de plásmidos al nivel de los 43; 23; 20; 5,6 y 1,2 kb. Las proteínas de la membrana externa y el perfil proteico demostraron diferencias con otras especies de Shigella. Este serotipo de Shigella se aísla por primera vez en Cuba y y sus características la hacen altamente patógena y de muy difícil diagnóstico, por lo que la caracterización de este brote es importante desde el punto de vista epidemiológico

Aplicación de la técnica de hibridación en colonias para la identificación de Vibrio cholerae 01 toxigénico

Por medio de la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (RPC), se obtuvo una sonda para el gen que codifica la subunidad B de la toxina colérica (CTxB) que portaba una cepa de referencia de Vibrio cholerae 01. La comprobación del producto amplificado se realizó por la técnica de hibridación en colonias. El producto amplificado hibridó con el gen que codifica para la subunidad B de la toxina colérica aislada de Perú y Ecuador, representante de la presente epidemia en América Latina y no lo hizo con las cepas filogenéticamente relacionadas.

By means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) it was obtained a probe for the gen that codifies the subunit B of cholerae toxin (CTxB), which carried a Vibrio cholerae 01 reference strain. The checking of the amplified product was performed by using the hybridization techniques in colonies. This product hybridized with the gen that codifies for the subunit B of cholerae toxin isolated from Peru and Ecuador, representing the present epidemics in Latin America, but it did not so with the phylogenetically related strains.

Placenta: hallazgos macroscópicos y su relación con el peso / Placentae : macroscopic findings and his relation with weight

Se realizó un estudio prospectivo sobre los hallazgos macroscópicos de la placenta y su relación con el peso, en el centro materno infantil San Lorenzo de Los Mina durante el año 1989.

Conocimientos sobre sexualidad humana impartidos a las estudiantes de la Fundacion Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Enfermeria Hospital San Jose / Knowledge on human sexuality given to the students of Fundacion Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Enfermeria Hospital San Jose

Para este trabajo se tomo como base la filosofia de la Facultad de Enfermeria de la Fundacion Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, los conocimientos que sobre sexualidad poseen las estudiantes matriculadas en el periodo academico enero-julio 1987 y la forma como afecta estos conocimientos en el establecimientos de la comunicacion terapeutica enfermera-paciente, se llevo a cabo el estudio aplicando una encuesta que revelo conocimientos y actitudes en sexualidad humana en dicha poblacion. Al analizar los datos se evidencio la deficiencia en conocimientos y actitudes que sobre sexualidad humana posee la poblacion encuestada para establecer una adecuada relacion terapeutica enfermera-paciente..