Relationship of irisin expression with metabolic alterations and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a preliminary study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with metabolic alterations and obesity. METHODS: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on participants treated at Centro Universitário FMABC between August 2018 and July 2019, by comparing a control group (n=14) with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n=16). The control group consisted of participants aged above 21 years with no chronic diseases, diabetes, smoking, or illicit drug use. The type 2 diabetes mellitus group included patients aged above 21 years, who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least 5 years (glycated hemoglobin>7%). Exclusion criteria were not willing to continue, recent hospitalization, and failure to meet inclusion criteria. Biochemical parameters included blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, plasma irisin levels, and irisin gene expression in peripheral blood. RESULTS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients exhibited significantly higher plasma glucose levels [143 (40) vs. 92 (13) mg/dL, *p<0.05] and glycated hemoglobin levels [7.1% (1.6) vs. 5.6% (0.5), *p<0.05] compared to the control group. Irisin gene expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was lower 0.02288 (0.08050) than the control group 8.506e-006 (1.412e-005) (p=0.06). Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between irisin expression and body mass index in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Rho=0.5221, 95%CI -0.058 to 0.838, p=0.06), while plasma irisin showed a negative correlation with body mass index (Rho=-0.656, 95%CI -0.836 to 0.215, p=0.03). No significant correlations were found between plasma glucose or glycated hemoglobin levels and irisin expression. CONCLUSION: The data suggests that body mass index directly influences plasma irisin levels and the regulation of irisin gene expression, possibly linking irisin to adiposity changes observed in obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Survivin expression as a prognostic marker for breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Due to the speed of development observed in breast cancer, several studies aimed at discovering new biomarkers have been carried out in order to arrive at an early diagnosis. As survivin plays a fundamental role in the evasion of apoptosis in tumor cells, the aim of this study was to verify the expression profile of the survivin gene in paraffin-embedded breast tumor samples and associate it with the clinical characteristics of the patients. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, for which 100 tumor samples were obtained from cancer patients treated throughout the year 2019 at Instituto de Mama do Cariri (Juazeiro do Norte, in the state of Ceará). This study included women over 30 years old who had confirmed breast cancer through anatomopathological examination but excluded those with non-neoplastic breast comorbidities, other neoplasms, or chronic diseases. Survivin gene expression was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The expression of survivin is associated with the lack of expression of estrogen (p=0.027) and progesterone (p>0.0005) receptors. It means that survivin expression is higher in patients in which labeling was absent for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. CONCLUSION: Our data reinforce that survivin expression is higher in estrogen receptor-patients, thus representing an additional prognostic tool.

Survivin expression as a prognostic marker for breast cancer

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Due to the speed of development observed in breast cancer, several studies aimed at discovering new biomarkers have been carried out in order to arrive at an early diagnosis. As survivin plays a fundamental role in the evasion of apoptosis in tumor cells, the aim of this study was to verify the expression profile of the survivin gene in paraffin-embedded breast tumor samples and associate it with the clinical characteristics of the patients. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, for which 100 tumor samples were obtained from cancer patients treated throughout the year 2019 at Instituto de Mama do Cariri (Juazeiro do Norte, in the state of Ceará). This study included women over 30 years old who had confirmed breast cancer through anatomopathological examination but excluded those with non-neoplastic breast comorbidities, other neoplasms, or chronic diseases. Survivin gene expression was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The expression of survivin is associated with the lack of expression of estrogen (p=0.027) and progesterone (p>0.0005) receptors. It means that survivin expression is higher in patients in which labeling was absent for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. CONCLUSION: Our data reinforce that survivin expression is higher in estrogen receptor-patients, thus representing an additional prognostic tool.

Detection of COX-2 in liquid biopsy of patients with prostate cancer.

AIMS: To determine the profile of COX-2 gene expression in patients with prostate cancer attended at the ABC University Health Center outpatient clinic and correlate the results with patients' anatomopathological examinations. Prostate cancer is the sixth most common type of cancer worldwide and the second in Brazil. COX-2 expression is associated with an unfavourable prognosis. METHODS: 15.0 mL of peripheral blood were collected from 24 patients and 25 healthy men. RNA extraction was performed using the QIAamp RNA Blood Mini Kit. Complementary DNA synthesis was performed using SuperScript II RNAse Reverse Transcriptase. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed with specific COX-2 oligonucleotides and the endogenous GAPDH gene. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 69 years old. The Gleason scoring system showed 37.5% of patients with Gleason 6 (slow growth, low risk), 45.8% with Gleason 7 (intermediate risk) and 16.7% with Gleason 8 or 9 (risk of high-grade cancer). The median COX-2 expression in the study group was 0.97, while in the control group it was 0.11 (p<0.045). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with prostate cancer showed higher COX-2 expression at diagnosis compared with the control group. Since COX-2 detection associated with prostate-specific antigen dosage shows promise as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in patients with prostate cancer, further research is required to confirm these findings.

Relationship of irisin expression with metabolic alterations and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a preliminary study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its association with metabolic alterations and obesity. METHODS: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on participants treated at Centro Universitário FMABC between August 2018 and July 2019, by comparing a control group (n=14) with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n=16). The control group consisted of participants aged above 21 years with no chronic diseases, diabetes, smoking, or illicit drug use. The type 2 diabetes mellitus group included patients aged above 21 years, who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for at least 5 years (glycated hemoglobin>7%). Exclusion criteria were not willing to continue, recent hospitalization, and failure to meet inclusion criteria. Biochemical parameters included blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, plasma irisin levels, and irisin gene expression in peripheral blood. RESULTS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients exhibited significantly higher plasma glucose levels [143 (40) vs. 92 (13) mg/dL, *p<0.05] and glycated hemoglobin levels [7.1% (1.6) vs. 5.6% (0.5), *p<0.05] compared to the control group. Irisin gene expression in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was lower 0.02288 (0.08050) than the control group 8.506e-006 (1.412e-005) (p=0.06). Correlation analysis revealed a positive association between irisin expression and body mass index in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Rho=0.5221, 95%CI -0.058 to 0.838, p=0.06), while plasma irisin showed a negative correlation with body mass index (Rho=-0.656, 95%CI -0.836 to 0.215, p=0.03). No significant correlations were found between plasma glucose or glycated hemoglobin levels and irisin expression. CONCLUSION: The data suggests that body mass index directly influences plasma irisin levels and the regulation of irisin gene expression, possibly linking irisin to adiposity changes observed in obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Effect of Subchronic Selenium Treatment in the Liver of BALB/C Mice with Transplantable Ehrlich Tumor.

Selenium has an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and possibly antitumoral action. Thus, we hypothesized that this element could be an ally in cancer treatment. We evaluated the effect of chelated selenium treatment of BALB/c mice with Erhlich Tumor on tumor size, histology, and biochemical parameters of the liver. A total of 96 male mice were treated for 7, 15, and 30 days with different doses of chelated selenium. During the 7 days of treatment, livers presented mild hydropic degeneration; after 15 days, the livers presented mild hydropic degeneration, inflammatory infiltrate, and steatosis, which was intensified in the animals treated for 30 days. Biochemical analysis showed an increase of the alanine transaminase enzyme in those animals, indicating hepatotoxicity. At the beginning of treatment, selenium was able to inhibit tumor growth. After 30 days of treatment, however, hepatotoxicity could be seen.

Biochemical markers and anthropometric profile of children enrolled in public daycare centers

Abstract Objective: The nutritional status resultant from dietary habits along with socioeconomic conditions and the school environment are directly related to the individual's health condition not only in their childhood but also throughout adulthood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of socioeconomic factors on the anthropometric profile and to analyze a probable association between this profile and biochemical markers in children attending public daycare centers. Methods: It is a transversal study developed in a probability sample of clusters of children from 6 months to 5 years old. Anthropometric and socioeconomic data were gathered at the CMEIs, questionnaires on the nutritional status were applied and blood was collected at the Family Health Units (USFs). Results: Female children are three times more likely to be underweight; in families with five members, it is 1/3 more likely that children of higher-educated parents are overweight. Among the results of the biochemical tests, hypervitaminosis A was a relevant aspect, positively correlating with copper (p=0.005) and zinc (p=0.008). Conclusion: Therefore, since the influence of the family is an important predictor of overweight and its future outcomes related to nutritional deficiencies and inadequate dietary intake, educational interventions are vital as a way to pave the path to prevention.

Early mobilization in victims of traumatic brain injury / Mobilização precoce em vítimas de traumatismo cranioencefálico

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have shown that early mobilization is safe and beneficial for patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs), especially for those with mechanical ventilation (MV). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the benefits of early mobilization physiotherapeutic techniques applied to patients who suffered craniocerebral trauma (CCT). METHODS: This is an experimental study that evaluated clinical data from 27 patients. In sedated patients, mobilization and passive stretching were performed on the upper and lower limbs; in those without sedation, active-assisted, free and resisted exercises were included. RESULTS: The experimental group was composed of 51.8% of the participants and the control group by 48.2%, the majority being male (81.5%) with a median age of 43 years. The patients in the experimental group had an average of 9.5 days (2.2-14.7) of mechanical ventilation (MV), and those belonging to the control group, of 17 days (7-21.7) with MV (p=0.154). The patients in the experimental group had an average of 13.5 days in the ICU, against an average of 17 days in the control group (p=0.331), and an average of 20.5 days in hospital against 24 days in the control group (p=0.356). CONCLUSION: Early mobilization should be applied to critically ill patients as it can decrease the length of stay in the ICU and the hospital.

INTRODUÇÃO: Diversos estudos têm mostrado que a mobilização precoce é segura e benéfica para pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTIs), especialmente para aqueles com ventilação mecânica (VM). OBJETIVO: Investigar os benefícios das técnicas fisioterapêuticas de mobilização precoce aplicada aos pacientes que sofreram traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE). MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo quasi-randomizado, que incluiu 27 com TCE divididos em dois grupos: controle (n=13) e experimental (n=14) pacientes. No grupo experimental, os pacientes sedados foram submetidos à mobilização e alongamentos passivos nos membros superiores e inferiores; naqueles sem sedação, foram incluídos exercícios ativo-assistidos, livres e resistidos. RESULTADOS: O grupo experimental foi composto por 51,8% dos participantes da pesquisa e o grupo controle por 48,2%, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (81,5%) com mediana de idade de 43 anos. Os pacientes do grupo experimental apresentaram média de 9,5 dias (2,2-14,7) de ventilação mecânica, e os pertencentes ao grupo controle, de 17 dias (7-21,7) com de VM (p=0,154). Os pacientes do grupo experimental apresentaram média de 13,5 dias de internação em UTI, contra média de 17 dias do grupo controle (p=0,331), e média de 20,5 dias de internação hospitalar contra 24 dias do grupo controle (p=0,356). CONCLUSÃO: A mobilização precoce é uma técnica que deve ser aplicada em pacientes críticos dentro das UTIs, pois pode diminuir o tempo de internação na UTI e hospitalar.

Relationship between Lifestyle and Residence Area with 25(OH)D Levels in Older Adults.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the habitat of older adults living in the urban and rural areas is a contributing factor to altered serum 25(OH)D levels. An analytical, cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach was conducted in the upper backwoods of Paraíba with older adults registered at the Reference Center for Social Assistance (CRAS), addressing residents of both rural area (n = 41) and urban area (n = 43) who were randomly chosen to participate in the study. Data collection took place between January and February 2020. Higher rates of handgrip strength were observed in rural older adults (29.22 ± 8.92 Kgf) with serum 25(OH)D levels in the range of 30 to 40 ng/mL when compared to older adults with concentrations below 30 ng/mL (21.82 ± 5.00 Kgf) and above 40 ng/mL (23.47 ± 6.88 Kgf). Older people living in the urban area, with 25(OH)D levels above 40 ng/mL, presented a lower muscle power index when compared to individuals with vitamin levels from 21 to 29 ng/mL (17.40 ± 6.34 s; 15.33 ± 2.00 s). The urbanization associated with 25(OH)D levels can cause changes in skeletal and respiratory muscle strength, because the habitat associated with 25(OH)D levels affects the parameters of muscle strength of the upper limbs for older adults living in a rural area and the muscle strength of the lower limbs for those living in an urban area.

Comparative Study on the Effects of Paullinia cupana, PC-18 and Magnesium Chloride on Solid Ehrlich Tumor.

New perspectives arise in the therapeutic practice for cancer, with the objective to not only treat patients, but also improve their quality of life. Guarana, a plant from Brazilian Amazon presents a wide range of pharmacological actions. This study evaluated the effect of Guarana (Paullinia cupana) extract, pure and dry Guarana (PC-18) extract and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) in mice of the Balb/c strain inoculated with the Ehrlich tumor regarding gene expression of inflammatory markers transforming growth factor-ß1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha and oxidative stress (OS) and fatigue, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase 4 and analyzed myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. After euthanasia, blood was collected to analyze the complete blood count and measured the levels of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase). Hepatoprotective actions of the crude extract of P. cupana and PC-18 extract were noticed. The PC-18 and MgCl2 group showed the best result regarding animal welfare. There were no associations between compounds and gene expression regarding fatigue and OS. PC-18 reduced the tumor and may have an antitumor action. The crude extract of Guarana presented hepatoprotective action.

Magnesium Supplementation: Effect on the Expression of Inflammation Genes in Erlich's Tumor.

Magnesium supplementation may be beneficial for cancer patients due to its action as a modulator of cell proliferation and metabolism and its anti-inflammatory effect. Tumor metabolism can influence the bioavailability and absorption of nutrients, leading to an increase in the individual's nutritional needs. In this work, the effects of supplementing different dosages of magnesium chloride in mice with solid Ehrlich's tumors were investigated by analyzing their hematological, inflammatory and anthropometric biomarkers. Three dosages of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) were administered for 28 consecutive days. Animal welfare was assessed according to the criteria stipulated by the National Center for the Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs). The inverted grid method was used to analyze muscle strength and fatigue. Difference in expression of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) and the Growth Transformation Factor (TGF-ß1) genes was determined by the 2-ΔCt method. The hematological evaluation consisted of the erythrogram, white blood cell and platelet counts were used for the hematological evaluation and treatment cytotoxicity. Difference in the expression of the TNF-α and TGF-ß genes showed that the group that received a high dose of magnesium had a decrease in TNF-α and RNL, an improvement in well-being with a tendency to increase muscle strength and less tumor progression according to the days of treatment. The group that received a low dosage of magnesium had a smaller tumor volume and a more controlled tumor growth according to the days. The group that received an intermediate dosage presented cytotoxicity.

Biochemical markers and anthropometric profile of children enrolled in public daycare centers.

OBJECTIVE: The nutritional status resultant from dietary habits along with socioeconomic conditions and the school environment are directly related to the individual's health condition not only in their childhood but also throughout adulthood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of socioeconomic factors on the anthropometric profile and to analyze a probable association between this profile and biochemical markers in children attending public daycare centers. METHODS: It is a transversal study developed in a probability sample of clusters of children from 6 months to 5 years old. Anthropometric and socioeconomic data were gathered at the CMEIs, questionnaires on the nutritional status were applied and blood was collected at the Family Health Units (USFs). RESULTS: Female children are three times more likely to be underweight; in families with five members, it is 1/3 more likely that children of higher-educated parents are overweight. Among the results of the biochemical tests, hypervitaminosis A was a relevant aspect, positively correlating with copper (p=0.005) and zinc (p=0.008). CONCLUSION: Therefore, since the influence of the family is an important predictor of overweight and its future outcomes related to nutritional deficiencies and inadequate dietary intake, educational interventions are vital as a way to pave the path to prevention.

Lung cancer biomarkers. A literature review / Biomarcadores de câncer de pulmão. Uma revisão de literatura

ABSTRACT Lung cancer is the first in terms of incidence and mortality, being responsible worldwide for about 1.8 million deaths. In Brazil 31,270 new cases were diagnosed in 2018, 18,740 in men and 12,350 in women. One of the main challenges about lung cancer is performing an early diagnosis, in most cases the disease is detected in the late stages, which implies in poor prognoses. Tumor biomarkers are hugely relevant in early diagnosis, understanding of carcinogenesis, prognostic determination and therapeutic choice. The present paper reviews non-small cell lung cancer biomarkers described in the literature and their diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications, intervention and therapeutic control for individualized therapy. Although there is still a vast universe to be explored, studies reveal a promising future for lung cancer treatment with increasingly personalized and assertive therapies that increase the chances of progression-free survival.

RESUMO O câncer de pulmão é o primeiro em incidência e mortalidade, sendo responsável mundialmente por cerca de 1,8 milhão de mortes. No Brasil, 31.270 casos novos foram diagnosticados em 2018, sendo 18.740 em homens e 12.350 em mulheres. Um dos principais desafios do câncer de pulmão é o diagnóstico precoce, na maioria das vezes a doença é detectada em fases tardias, o que implica em mau prognóstico. Os biomarcadores tumorais são extremamente relevantes no diagnóstico precoce, compreensão da carcinogênese, determinação do prognóstico e escolha terapêutica. O presente trabalho revisa biomarcadores de câncer de pulmão de células não pequenas descritos na literatura e suas aplicações diagnósticas, prognósticas e terapêuticas, intervenção e controle terapêutico para terapia individualizada. Embora ainda exista um vasto universo a ser explorado, estudos revelam um futuro promissor para o tratamento do câncer de pulmão com terapias cada vez mais personalizadas e assertivas que aumentam as chances de sobrevida livre de progressão.

The influence of social isolation on the incidence of positivity in COVID-19 tests in a metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil / A influência do isolamento social na incidência de positividade nos testes de COVID-19 em região metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: With the arrival of the SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus 2 of severe acute respiratory syndrome) pandemic in Brazil, especially in the city of São Paulo, there was a need to apply social isolation policies associated with testing, covering all municipalities. The Clinical Analysis Laboratory of Centro Universitário FMABC was one of the first laboratories to receive certification and qualification to perform RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase reaction followed by polymerase chain reaction) tests in the metropolitan region of São Paulo OBJECTIVE: Aim to analyze the influence of adopting social isolation on the incidence of positivity in COVID-19 tests in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil METHODS: a descriptive study carried out from March to May 2020, epidemiological data were collected from each unit served and organized by the data controllership team of the Clinical Analysis Laboratory of FMABC. Epidemiological, demographic, and laboratory data were extracted from the Matrix® outpatient data management system. Clinically suspected cases and confirmed by laboratory tests (RT-PCR and serological tests) were entered. The tests were divided into serological tests using the RT-PCR molecular test, on samples of nasopharyngeal mucosal scrapings collected with sterile Swab RESULTS: It were evaluated PCR test and antibody presence (IgA, IgM and IgG) in blood samples of 16.297 patients. 22.718 tests were performed for the diagnosis of COVID-19, both RT-PCR (10.410 tests) and serological tests to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, IgA, IgM and IgG, a total of 16.297 patients were assessed, 63% women and 37% men. It was observed that the social isolation policies adopted during this period contained the massive expansion of contamination, at least while the social isolation rates were above 55% CONCLUSION: The data of this study demonstrated the effectiveness of social isolation in containing the positive contamination of SARS-CoV-2 in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, at least for the first three months

INTRODUÇÃO: com a chegada da pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus 2 da síndrome respiratória aguda grave) ao Brasil, especialmente na cidade de São Paulo, houve a necessidade de aplicar medidas de distanciamento social associado a testagem, que abrangesse todos os municípios. A região metropolitana de São Paulo compreende 39 municípios e possui uma rede de laboratórios habilitados a realizar a testagem para a detecção do coronavírus, tanto testes sorológicos quanto moleculares. O Laboratório de Análises Clínicas do Centro Universitário ABC/FMABC foi um dos primeiros laboratórios a receber a certificação e habilitação para realizar os testes RT-PCR (reação da transcriptase reversa seguida pela reação em cadeia da polimerase) na região metropolitana de São Paulo OBJETIVO: analisar a influência da adoção do isolamento social na incidência de positividade nos testes de COVID-19 em região metropolitana de São Paulo, Brasil MÉTODO: estudo descritivo realizado no período de março a maio de 2020, os dados epidemiológicos foram coletados de cada unidade atendida e organizada pela equipe de controladoria de dados do Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da FMABC. Os dados epidemiológicos, demográficos e laboratoriais foram extraídos do sistema Matrix® de gerenciamento de dados ambulatoriais. Foram inseridos os casos clinicamente suspeitos e confirmados por testes de laboratório (RT-PCR e testes sorológicos). Os testes foram divididos em testes sorológicos no teste molecular RT-PCR, em amostras de raspado de mucosa nasofaríngea coletada com Swab estéril RESULTADOS: foram avaliados o teste de RT-PCR e a presença de anticorpos (IgA, IgM e IgG) em amostras de sangue de 16.297 pacientes. Foram realizados 22.718 testes para o diagnóstico de COVID-19, tanto RT-PCR (10.410 testes), quanto testes sorológicos para detecção de anticorpos anti-SARS-CoV-2, IgA, IgM e IgG, um total de 16.297 pacientes foram avaliados, 63% mulheres e 37% homens. Observou-se que as políticas de isolamento social adotadas nesse período continham a expansão massiva da contaminação, pelo menos enquanto as taxas de isolamento social eram superiores a 55% CONCLUSÃO: nossos dados demonstraram a efetividade do isolamento social na retenção da positividade da contaminação do SARS-CoV-2 nas cidades contempladas pelo serviço de testagem do Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, pelo menos nos três primeiros meses

Effects of Physical Training on the Myocardium of Oxariectomized LDLr Knockout Mice: MMP 2/9, Collagen I/III, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress / Efeitos do Treinamento Físico sobre o Miocárdio de Camundongos LDLr Knockout Ovariectomizadas: MMP-2 e -9, Colágeno I/III, Inflamação e Estresse Oxidativo

Abstract Background: The emergence of coronary heart disease is increased with menopause, physical inactivity and with dyslipidemia. Physical training is known to promote the improvement of cardiovascular functions. Objective: To investigate the effects of aerobic physical training on the left ventricle in ovariectomized LDL knockout mice. Methods: Thirty animals were divided into 6 groups (n = 5): Sedentary non-ovariectomized control; Sedentary ovariectomized control; Trained ovariectomized control; Sedentary non-ovariectomized LDL-knockout, sedentary ovariectomized LDL-knockout and trained ovariectomized LDL-knockout. We analyzed the average parameters of apparent density of collagen fibers types I and III, and metalloproteinase type 2 and type 9, were considered significant p < 0.05. Results: The results showed that the proposed exercise protocol altered the volume of type I collagen fibers, altered collagen remodeling parameters (MMP-2), and also reduced the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) oxidative stress parameter. Conclusion: Moderate intensity aerobic training acts on collagen fiber volume, on collagen remodeling with the reduction of oxidative stress in the left ventricles of ovariectomized LDL-knockout mice.

Resumo Fundamento: O surgimento da doença cardíaca coronariana aumenta com a menopausa, inatividade física e dislipidemia. Sabe-se que o treinamento físico promove a melhora das funções cardiovasculares Objectivo: Investigar os efeitos do treinamento físico aeróbico sobre o ventrículo esquerdo em camundongos LDL knockout ovariectomizadas. Métodos: Trinta animais foram divididos em 6 grupos (n = 5): controle sedentário não ovariectomizado, controle sedentário ovariectomizado, controle treinado ovariectomizado, sedentário LDL-knockout não ovariectomizado, sedentário LDL-knockout ovariectomizado e treinado LDL-knockout ovariectomizado. Analisamos os parâmetros médios da densidade de volume de fibras colágenas tipo I e III, e metaloproteinases 2 e 9. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: Os resultados mostram que o protocolo de exercício proposto alterou o volume de fibras colágenas do tipo I e os parâmetros de remodelamento do colágeno (MMP-2), e ainda reduziu o parâmetro de estresse oxidativo do 8-hidroxi-2'-deoxiganosina (8-OhdG). Conclusão: O treinamento aeróbico de intensidade moderada age sobre o volume das fibras colágenas e sobre o remodelamento de colágeno, com redução do estresse oxidativo em ventrículos esquerdos de camundongos ovariectomizados LDLr Knockout.

Liquid biopsy in cancer using the Z-scan technique: a new approach to discover biomarkers in cancer.

AIM: Biomarkers have been broadly studied as a tool for the diagnosis and prognosis for different types of cancer. Z-scan is a kind of measurement technique that generates a nonlinear refractive index (n2). Today, Z-scan has been used in oncology to discriminate between solid tumors and to identify tumor circulating cell-free DNA in liquid samples. MATERIALS & METHODS: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined in this review, 35 articles were selected. CONCLUSION: The use of this technique for this kind of measurement will allow for a rapid and precise diagnosis of different types of tumor and may lead to better therapeutic approaches.

Effects of Physical Training on the Myocardium of Oxariectomized LDLr Knockout Mice: MMP 2/9, Collagen I/III, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.

BACKGROUND: The emergence of coronary heart disease is increased with menopause, physical inactivity and with dyslipidemia. Physical training is known to promote the improvement of cardiovascular functions. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of aerobic physical training on the left ventricle in ovariectomized LDL knockout mice. METHODS: Thirty animals were divided into 6 groups (n = 5): Sedentary non-ovariectomized control; Sedentary ovariectomized control; Trained ovariectomized control; Sedentary non-ovariectomized LDL-knockout, sedentary ovariectomized LDL-knockout and trained ovariectomized LDL-knockout. We analyzed the average parameters of apparent density of collagen fibers types I and III, and metalloproteinase type 2 and type 9, were considered significant p < 0.05. RESULTS: The results showed that the proposed exercise protocol altered the volume of type I collagen fibers, altered collagen remodeling parameters (MMP-2), and also reduced the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG) oxidative stress parameter. CONCLUSION: Moderate intensity aerobic training acts on collagen fiber volume, on collagen remodeling with the reduction of oxidative stress in the left ventricles of ovariectomized LDL-knockout mice.

The role of Survivin as a biomarker and potential prognostic factor for breast cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the primary health problems worldwide. As the most common cancer in women in the world and in Brasil, behind only non-melanoma skin cancer, this neoplasm corresponds to approximately 28% of new cases per year in the country. BC also affects men, although the incidence corresponds to only 1% of total cases. Currently, most of the chemotherapeutic agents used in BC treatment are extremely toxic and cause long-term side effects. There is also a need to obtain earlier diagnoses, more accurate prognoses and make new therapies available that are more selective and effective in order to improve the current scenario. Therefore, this work sought to evaluate the importance of the biomarker survivin (Sur) in relation to BC, through the detailing of the role of Sur as a biomarker, the correlation between this protein and the prognosis of BC patients, and a summary of therapeutic strategies that target Sur for the development of new anticancer therapies.

The role of Survivin as a biomarker and potential prognostic factor for breast cancer

SUMMARY Breast cancer (BC) is one of the primary health problems worldwide. As the most common cancer in women in the world and in Brasil, behind only non-melanoma skin cancer, this neoplasm corresponds to approximately 28% of new cases per year in the country. BC also affects men, although the incidence corresponds to only 1% of total cases. Currently, most of the chemotherapeutic agents used in BC treatment are extremely toxic and cause long-term side effects. There is also a need to obtain earlier diagnoses, more accurate prognoses and make new therapies available that are more selective and effective in order to improve the current scenario. Therefore, this work sought to evaluate the importance of the biomarker survivin (Sur) in relation to BC, through the detailing of the role of Sur as a biomarker, the correlation between this protein and the prognosis of BC patients, and a summary of therapeutic strategies that target Sur for the development of new anticancer therapies.

RESUMO O câncer de mama (CM) é um dos principais problemas de saúde em todo o mundo. Como o câncer mais comum em mulheres no mundo e no Brasil, precedido apenas pelo câncer de pele não melanoma, essa neoplasia corresponde a aproximadamente 28% dos novos casos por ano no país. O CM também afeta homens, embora a incidência corresponda a apenas 1% do total de casos. Atualmente, a maioria dos agentes quimioterápicos utilizados no tratamento do CM são extremamente tóxicos e causam efeitos colaterais a longo prazo. Há também a necessidade de se obterem diagnósticos mais precoces, prognósticos mais precisos e disponibilizar novas terapias seletivas e efetivas, a fim de melhorar o cenário atual. Portanto, este trabalho buscou avaliar a importância do biomarcador Survivina (Sur) em relação ao CM, por meio do detalhamento do papel do Sur como biomarcador, da correlação entre essa proteína com o prognóstico de pacientes com CM e de um resumo do tratamento terapêutico e das estratégias que visam utilizar a Sur para o desenvolvimento de novas terapias anticâncer.