Exploring the Relationship between Cerebral Palsy and Hip Dysplasia: Insights from the National Inpatient Sample.

Background and Objective: Cerebral palsy (CP) significantly impacts quality of life globally. Hip dysplasia (HD) is a common musculoskeletal issue in CP patients. This study investigates the prevalence, risk factors, and impact of HD on CP patients using a large national database. Materials and Methods: Data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database (2016-2019) were used, identifying CP and HD diagnoses through ICD-10 codes. Baseline characteristics were tabulated. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses examined predictors of HD development in CP patients, presenting data as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among 3,951,040 pediatric patients, 28,880 had CP (27,466 without HD, and 1414 with HD), and 3,922,160 did not have CP. CP significantly increased the likelihood of developing HD in univariate (OR = 35.03, 95% CI [33.01, 37.17], p < 0.0001) and multivariate (OR = 26.61, 95% CI [24.94, 28.40], p < 0.0001) analyses. Among patients with CP, race was significantly associated with HD, with ORs below 1 for all racial categories compared to Whites. Females had nearly twice the odds of HD compared to males (OR = 1.96, 95% CI [1.86, 2.05], p < 0.0001). Age was significantly associated with HD, with each additional year increasing the odds (OR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.026, 1.034], p < 0.0001). Individuals in the high 51st-75th income quartile had a 17% increase in the odds of HD (OR = 1.17, 95% CI [1.09, 1.25], p < 0.0001) compared to the low 1st-25th income quartile. Conclusions: This study reinforces the strong association between CP and HD, highlighting the need for further research and prospective studies to validate these findings.

Correlation between Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Cerebral Palsy in Children: A Comprehensive Analysis Using the National Inpatient Sample Dataset.

Background: The existing literature lacks conclusive evidence regarding the relationship between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and cerebral palsy (CP). This large epidemiological study aimed to explore the co-occurrence of BPD and CP among children. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) dataset from 2016 to 2019, investigating pediatric patients with BPD and CP diagnoses. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including univariate and multivariate regression analyses, were conducted to explore the association between BPD and CP. Results: Overall, 3,951,039 patients were analyzed. Among them, 28,880 patients had CP (n = 796 with BPD and n = 28,084 without BPD). The rates of intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 and 4, central nervous system anomalies, chromosomal disorders, retinopathy of prematurity (≥grade 3), periventricular leukomalacia, prematurity, and low birth weight were significantly higher in the CP-with-BPD arm contrasted to the CP-without-BPD arm. Univariate regression demonstrated a significant BPD-CP association (odds ratio [OR] = 7.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.24-8.37, p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis, adjusting for various confounders, reinforced this association (OR = 5.70, 95% CI: 5.17-6.28, p < 0.0001). We observed a significant association between increasing prematurity in neonates with BPD and an elevated risk of CP. Conclusions: This nationwide study identified a strong correlation between the co-occurrence of BPD and CP, though it does not establish causality. Rigorous adjustments revealed that patients with BPD appear to have a six-fold increased likelihood of being diagnosed with CP later on, compared to those without BPD. While aligned with the existing literature, this study represents the largest sample size with recommendations for targeted preventive strategies to mitigate the burden of CP.

Prevalence, Correlates, and Impact of Psychiatric Disorders and Treatment Utilization Among Muslims in the United States: Results from the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions.

There is a paucity of research on the true prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Muslim Americans. This research aims to explore the prevalence, correlates and impact of mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in Muslims as compared with a non-Muslim sample. We used propensity scores to match 372 individuals who self-identified as Muslims from The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III with a control group (n = 744) from the same dataset. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was similar in Muslim Americans and non-Muslims. Help-seeking was generally low, but Muslims with a lifetime history of PTSD were less likely than non-Muslims with PTSD to seek help through self-help groups (2.2% vs. 21.1%, p < 0.05). Moreover, Muslims with mood disorders experienced lower mental health scores compared to non-Muslims with mood disorders. Efforts need to be made to identify psychiatric disorders in this faith group and engage in treatment.