RESUMO
Mastocytosis is a group of diseases related to abnormal accumulation and proliferation of mast cells in one or more organs. They may be associated with an acquired point mutation and the activation of the receptor tyrosine-kinase c-KIT of CFS (mast cell growth factor). The clinical manifestations are varied and secondary to the release of mast cell mediators and/or infiltration of various organs. There are two main types of mastocytosis: pure cutaneous mastocytosis and systemic mastocytosis when more than two organs are involved in mast cell infiltration (bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, bone, liver and spleen, lymph nodes). Mastocytosis affects children in two thirds of cases, most frequently as an isolated cutaneous form. The most common clinical form in children is urticaria pigmentosa and solitary mastocytoma; bullous diffuse mastocytosis is rare. We report the case of an 8-month-old infant who presented with a diffuse pruritic bullous eruption. The histology and immunohistochemistry results were suggestive of mastocytosis. A serum tryptase test yielded positive results. Laboratory investigations did not identify systemic involvement. The patient was given antihistamine H1 medication and local care. Advice regarding the disease was offered to the parents. The course of the disease was marked by a decrease in the number of blisters and attenuation of the pruritus at the 6-month follow-up. This observation emphasizes the importance of awareness of this rare entity, which should be considered in all cases of bullous dermatosis in children, thereby allowing for early treatment.
Assuntos
Mastocitose Cutânea/patologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Prurido/etiologia , Triptases/sangueRESUMO
Pyoderma gangrenosum is an amicrobial neutrophilic dermatosis of unknown cause with a chronic course. We report a case in a 30-month-old child who presented with progressive and painful skin ulcers. Lesions were quickly extensive, refractory to local and systemic antibiotic therapy. Histopathology of the skin biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum. Only 4% of the cases reported in the literature are in children below the age of 4 years. This neutrophilic dermatosis is associated in half of the cases with a systemic disease. The treatment is based on corticosteroids. Immunosuppressant drugs such as tacrolimus, cyclosporine, and mycophenolate mofetil may be effective for pyoderma gangrenosum refractory to corticosteroids. Currently, anti-TNF is a promising treatment for refractory PG.
Assuntos
Pioderma Gangrenoso/diagnóstico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Masculino , Pioderma Gangrenoso/tratamento farmacológico , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
A total of 554 fleas were collected in the Moroccan Casablanca and Tiznit regions from domesticated animals and ruminants between August 2007 and October 2008 and were tested for the presence of Rickettsia spp. and Bartonella spp. using molecular methods. For the first time in Morocco, we found Rickettsia felis, the agent of flea-borne spotted fever in Ctenocephalides felis; B. henselae, an agent of cat scratch disease; and Bartonella clarridgeiae, a cat pathogen and potentially a human pathogen.
Assuntos
Infecções por Bartonella/veterinária , Bartonella/patogenicidade , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/veterinária , Rickettsia felis/patogenicidade , Sifonápteros/microbiologia , Animais , Infecções por Bartonella/diagnóstico , Infecções por Bartonella/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bartonella/microbiologia , Bartonella henselae/patogenicidade , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/veterinária , Gatos , Cães , Cabras , Humanos , Marrocos/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Infecções por Rickettsia/epidemiologia , Análise de Sequência de DNA , OvinosAssuntos
Rickettsia/classificação , Rickettsia/isolamento & purificação , Carrapatos/microbiologia , Animais , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Citrato (si)-Sintase/genética , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Marrocos , Plantas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Prevalência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Homologia de Sequência de AminoácidosAssuntos
Febre Botonosa/epidemiologia , Febre Botonosa/fisiopatologia , Rickettsia conorii/genética , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Febre Botonosa/microbiologia , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Marrocos/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/epidemiologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/microbiologia , Infecções por Rickettsia/fisiopatologia , Rickettsia conorii/classificação , Rickettsia conorii/imunologia , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
We investigated the toxicity of the fixed oil of Nigella sativa L seeds in mice and rats through determination of LD50 values and examination of possible biochemical, hematological and histopathological changes. The acute toxicity of Nigella sativa fixed oil was investigated in mice. LD50 values, obtained by single doses, orally and intraperitoneally administered in mice, were 28.8 ml/kg body wt. p.o. [26.2-31.6] and 2.06 ml/kg body wt. i.p. [1.86-2.26], respectively. Chronic toxicity was studied in rats treated daily with an oral dose of 2 ml/kg body wt. for 12 weeks. Changes in key hepatic enzymes levels, including aspartate-aminotransferase, alanine-aminotranferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase and histopathological modifications (heart, liver, kidneys and pancreas) were not observed in rats treated with Nigella sativa after 12 weeks of treatment. The serum cholesterol, triglyceride and glucose levels and the count of leukocytes and platelets decreased significantly, compared to control values, while hematocrit and hemoglobin levels increased significantly. A slowing of body weight gain was also observed in Nigella sativa treated rats, as compared to control animals. The low toxicity of Nigella sativa fixed oil, evidenced by high LD50 values, key hepatic enzyme stability and organ integrity, suggests a wide margin of safety for therapeutic doses of Nigella sativa fixed oil, but the changes in hemoglobin metabolism and the fall in leukocyte and platelet count must be taken into consideration.
Assuntos
Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/enzimologia , Óleos de Plantas/toxicidade , Doença Aguda , Administração Oral , Alanina Transaminase/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Aspartato Aminotransferases/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicemia , Colesterol/sangue , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Doença Crônica , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemoglobinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Dose Letal Mediana , Contagem de Leucócitos , Camundongos , Pâncreas/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Contagem de Plaquetas , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sementes , Triglicerídeos/sangue , gama-Glutamiltransferase/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The present study indicates the efficacy of extracts and fractions of Quercus lusitania var. infectoria galls (Oliv.) as larvicidal agents and their possible use in biological control of Culex pipiens, the urban nuisance mosquito. Extracts and fractions were tested against second and fourth instar larvae. The LC(50) values of gallotannins were 335 and 373 ppm, respectively for the 2nd and 4th instar period. The most interesting value of LC(50) (24 h) is obtained with the fraction F(2) (60 ppm).
Assuntos
Culex/química , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Quercus/parasitologia , Animais , Culex/citologia , Culex/efeitos dos fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Larva/citologia , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Estruturas Vegetais/parasitologiaRESUMO
We investigated the effects of the fixed oil of Nigella sativa seeds in rats by monitoring blood homeostasis and body weight as well as toxicity. Animals were treated daily with an oral dose of 1 ml/kg body weight of the N. sativa seed fixed oil for 12 weeks. Changes in key hepatic enzymes levels were not observed in N. sativa treated rats after 12 weeks of treatment. The serum cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels and the count of leukocytes and platelets decreased significantly by 15.5, 22, 16.5, 35 and 32%, compared to control values, respectively; while haematocrit and haemoglobin levels increased significantly by 6.4 and 17.4%, respectively. In parallel, significant slowdown of the body weight evolution was observed in N. sativa treated animals comparatively to the animal control group. On the other hand, no mortality was noted for ten times the therapeutic dose in mice, during 15 days period after the oil administration (10 ml/kg p.o.). These results support the traditional use of N. sativa seeds as a treatment of the dyslipidemia and the hyperglycaemia, and related abnormalities; however, indicate a relative toxicity of this plant. Acute and chronic toxicity, and the mode of the action of the N. sativa fixed oil must be studied.
Assuntos
Sangue/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleos de Plantas/toxicidade , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Homeostase/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/enzimologia , Camundongos , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos WKYRESUMO
Nigella sativa (ranunculaceae) is used in Arab folk medicine as a diuretic and hypotensive plant. We report here the diuretic and hypotensive effects of dichloromethane extract of Nigella sativa seeds in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). An oral dose of Nigella sativa extract (0.6 ml/kg/day) and furosemide (5 mg/kg/day) increased significantly the diuresis by 16 and 30 per cent respectively after 15 days of treatment; urinary excretion of Cl-, Na+, K+ and urea is also increased. Simultaneously, the mean arterial pressure decreased respectively by 22 and 18 per cent in the Nigella sativa treated rat and nifédipine treated rat (0.5 mg/kg/day). In conclusion, the diuretic activity observed in the SHR rat treated with Nigella sativa seeds may be partially responsible for its diuretic action; it seems that other pathways may also be involved in their cardiovascular effects.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Diuréticos/farmacologia , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/toxicidade , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Diurese/efeitos dos fármacos , Diuréticos/toxicidade , Medicina Arábica , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHRRESUMO
During 1994, 10 isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Salmonella typhimurium were recovered from children transferred to our hospital from two different centers. Two additional isolates were recovered from two nurses from one of these centers. The aim of this study was to determine if there is any relationship between these isolates. The characterization was done by phenotypic and genotypic methods: biotyping, phage typing, antibiotic susceptibility pattern determination, plasmid analysis, ribotyping (by the four endonucleases EcoRI, SmaI, BglII, and PvuII), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of genome macrorestriction patterns with XbaI, and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) pattern determination (with the three primers 217 d2, B1, and A3). The same biotype, the same serotype, and an identical antibiotype were found. All isolates were resistant to oxyimino-beta-lactams, gentamicin, tobramycin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. All isolates showed an indistinguishable pattern by ribotyping and very similar patterns by PFGE and RAPD. The overall results indicated the spread of a closely related strain of S. typhimurium in children and nurses.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Salmonella typhimurium/classificação , Salmonella typhimurium/enzimologia , beta-Lactamases/biossíntese , Sequência de Bases , Criança , Primers do DNA/genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Fenótipo , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Salmonella typhimurium/genéticaRESUMO
Extended-spectrum b-lactamases (ESBLs) derive mainly from TEM and SHV b-lactamases. These enzymes confer resistance to all oxyimino cephalosporins and monobactams except cephamycins and carbapems. ESBLs are often encoded by large plasmids that carry resistance determinants to multiple antibiotics and spread among the members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Since the first outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae expressing an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase reported in 1984, nosocomial infections due to Enterobacteriaceae species which produce ESBLs have been generally recovered from patients hospitalized in intensive care units. The most frequently isolated ESBL-producing strains belong to the genus Klebsiella, Escherichia, Enterobacter and Proteus; ESBLs are rarely associated with the genus Salmonella. The first Salmonella were detected in France in 1984 (Salmonella typhimurium), in Tunisia in 1988 (Salmonella wien) and in Argentina in 1991 (Salmonella typhimurium). In 1994, 10 isolates of Salmonella typhimurium expressing an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase were isolated for the first time from 10 children hospitalized in a pediatric unit of the hospital Ibn-Rochd, Casablanca. Previous study showed that all isolates belonged the same serotype, and biotype, and showed a resistance to oxyimino beta-lactams, gentamycin, tobramycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole but remained susceptible to tetracycline, chloramphenicol and quinolones. Oxyimino beta-lactams resistance determinant of all strains of Salmonella typhimurium was transferred by conjugation to Escherichia coli; Resistance to gentamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was also cotransferred. In this study, we characterized the relationship between all isolates by comparing plasmid profiles and patterns of proteins because there appear to be the more effective method for evaluating epidemiologic relationship between Salmonella species, and the protein profiles method has been used for many bacterial species. These two methods have the advantages of speed and simplicity. All isolates presented the same plasmid pattern characterised by three plasmids and the same pattern of proteins composed of 36 bands. We concluded by combining results that this outbreak involved the spread of the same strain of Salmonella typhimurium between the ten children. As this type of resistance is easily transferred by these isolates to other bacterial species, the major risk would be its transfer to Salmonella typhi.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Salmonella/tratamento farmacológico , Salmonella typhimurium/classificação , Salmonella typhimurium/enzimologia , beta-Lactamases/biossíntese , 4-Quinolonas , Fatores Etários , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Criança , Resistência ao Cloranfenicol , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Humanos , Plasmídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Plasmídeos/isolamento & purificação , Salmonella typhimurium/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/isolamento & purificação , Resistência a Tetraciclina , Resistência beta-LactâmicaRESUMO
We evaluated the acute and chronic experimental toxicity of a water extract of saponins from Argania spinosa following oral and intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration in mice (Iops Ofa) and rats (Wistar). The DL50 obtained were 79 mg/kg for the i.p. route and 1,300 mg/kg for the oral route. For the chronic toxicity studies, we administred 100 and 200 mg/kg orally once a day during a 3 month period. There was a decrease in blood sugar in the third month of each therapy. Blood creatinine levels increased, thus evoking a renal pathology. A slight increase in transaminases levels was not significatif. Hematologic parameters were unchanged during the treatment and the histopathologic study showed hepatic glycogen decrease and a focal renal tube deterioration.
Assuntos
Saponinas/toxicidade , Administração Oral , Animais , Sequência de Carboidratos , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Dose Letal Mediana , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Saponinas/administração & dosagem , ÁrvoresRESUMO
We studied analgesic and antiinflammatory actions of saponins of Argania spinosa cakes in mice and rats. With oral doses of 50 to 300 mg/kg, we found peripheric analgesic actions equivalent to the acetyl salicylic acid ones. The maximum protection was obtained with 500 mg/kg per os. There is no morphine-like central analgesic effect. Antiinflammatory studies were done in vivo using oedema due to carrageenine or experimental trauma in rats. There was a decrease in the paw swelling at doses of 10 mg/kg per os. At doses of 50 to 100 mg/kg per os, the antiinflammatory effect was similar to the one of indomethacin at doses of 10 to 20 mg/kg per os. In vitro, there was an inhibition of beef synovial fluid degradation by OH. radicals. The inhibition action is evaluated with an IC20 > or = 6 microM. Argania spinosa saponins have also an antiradical action against DPPH (IC25 = 85 mM) and against OH. radicals (IC25 = 0.56 M). Since they do not have any inhibition effect on PGE2 synthesis, their antiinflammatory activity can be explained by their action on leucotriens in the metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Saponinas/farmacologia , Animais , Aspirina/farmacologia , Edema , Indometacina/farmacologia , Camundongos , Dor , Ratos , ÁrvoresRESUMO
A seroprevalence study of canine leishmaniasis was carried out in five provinces in northern Morocco: Taounate, Al Hoceima, Zouagha Moulay Yacoub, Chefchaouen and Ouezzane. 55 localities have been concerned and a total of 1,013 dogs were screened, which represents almost 100% of the canine census. Of the screened dogs: 87 showed antibody titer > or = 100 when tested by IFAT (seroprevalence of 8.6%) and were distributed in 83 asymptomatics (without clinical symptoms) and four symptomatics (with one or several symptoms of leishmaniasis) with important variations according to the locality. Relative frequency of asymptomatic dogs was observed (8.2%), and the seroprevalence increased in middle altitude (500 m < altitude < 1,000 m) and high altitude (> or = 1,000 m). Parasites isolated from dogs were identified as L. infantum MON-1 by isoenzyme profile and Rsal digestion.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Leishmania infantum/imunologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Animais , DNA de Protozoário/análise , Cães , Eletroforese em Gel de Amido , Técnica Indireta de Fluorescência para Anticorpo/veterinária , Isoenzimas/análise , Leishmania infantum/classificação , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Marrocos/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
In this work, we have studied the molluscicidal activity of different extracts obtained from Cotula cinerea and Quercus lusitania var. infectoria galls. The hydroalcoholic extract of Cotula cinerea, acetonic extract and gallotanin of Quercus infectoria galls have presented high activity against Bulinus truncatus. The hydroalcoholic extract of Cotula cinerea was fractionated by chromatography on silica gel column. We have isolated two very active fractions at concentrations respectively of 52.5 and 27.5 ppm.
Assuntos
Moluscocidas/análise , Extratos Vegetais/química , Árvores , Estudos de Avaliação como AssuntoRESUMO
Different extracts of aerial parts of Sium nodiflorum were examined for their antifungal activity against two groups of fungi: the growth of both yeast and mold was significantly inhibited. Analgesic activity study of these extracts was also carried out but showed no significant effect in mice on the writhing induced by acetic acid.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ácido Acético/administração & dosagem , Ácido Acético/toxicidade , Analgésicos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Meios de Cultura , Etanol/química , Masculino , Camundongos , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Plantas Medicinais , Água/químicaRESUMO
New compounds containing 5,6-dihydro imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole, 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and 2,3-dihydro imidazo[2,1-b]benzothiazole rings, substituted by heterocycles analogue to chromones, were synthesized and screened against three nematodes, in vitro. The results indicate moderate anthelmintic properties, compared to levamisole; nevertheless, some products exhibit a significant degree of activity.