RESUMO
The functions of salivary glands are under the regulation of both sympathetic as well as parasympathetic nerve fibers. Further, it has also been demonstrated that chronic administration of a beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (IPR) results in hypertrophy and hyperplasia of submandibular gland [Schneyer C A, Am J Physiol, 203 (1962) 232]. Specific purpose of the present attempt was to look for metabolic responses of submandibular gland of oestrous female rats at very short intervals after 10 min of administration of 5, 10 and 15 micrograms of IPR to females in oestrous condition; pharmacological action and clearance time being only 8 min. The results indicated significant reduction in case of enzymic activities of phosphorylase, total ATPase and Na(+)-K+ ATPase. Cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase and succinate dehydrogenase activities were suppressed only with 5 micrograms dose, but with rising dose levels the effect was not so apparent. Protein content of the gland was reduced slightly by administration of IPR. Hence, it became clear that submandibular gland responds rapidly to IPR administration. Implications of these observations are discussed.
Assuntos
Agonistas Adrenérgicos beta/administração & dosagem , Isoproterenol/administração & dosagem , Glândula Submandibular/efeitos dos fármacos , 3',5'-AMP Cíclico Fosfodiesterases/metabolismo , Adenosina Trifosfatases/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Fosforilases/metabolismo , Ratos , Glândula Submandibular/enzimologia , Succinato Desidrogenase/metabolismoRESUMO
Possible significance of licking of anogenital region by female rat in the initial steps of precopulatory behaviour was studied in short bouts of 3 min each. The order of conspicuous events was--(1) exploratory behaviour, (2) partners pursuing each other, (3) head-to-tail orientation and mutual licking of anogenital regions; particularly when females were in oestrous and metoestrous stages and (4) obvious avoidance and even aggressive behaviour by female during dioestrous stage.
Assuntos
Copulação , Comportamento Sexual Animal , Canal Anal , Animais , Feminino , Genitália Feminina , Masculino , RatosRESUMO
Effect of spaying on liver and plasma phospholipid components was studied in 4-day cyclic rats (Haffkin Institute Strain). Rats were ovariectomized during diestrous stage of estrous cycle. Ovariectomy (OVX) was shown to increase the total phospholipid content in both the liver lobes after 24 hr interval, it remained higher in spigelian lobe up to 72 hr but it was lowered in the right lobe at 48 hr interval. Concentration of sphingomyelin (SHP) in total phospholipids, as assessed by TLC, was slightly increased in both lobes after 48 hr of spaying. It declined significantly by 72 hr only in the spigelian lobe. Phosphotidylcholin, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine concentrations showed fluctuating pattern up to 48 hr of spaying, but most of these changes were seen to be restored to the normal level by 72 hr interval. Results indicate that the relative lack of ovarian hormones due to ovariectomy have obvious influence on hepatic lipid metabolism particularly that of phospholipid components. There appears to be an inverse relationship between hepatic lipid components and blood plasma. Spigelian lobe exhibits distinctly different responses to ovariectomy as compared to those of the right lobe. Maximal alterations are observable by 48 hr post-OVX interval.
Assuntos
Fígado/metabolismo , Fosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Esterilização Reprodutiva , Animais , Feminino , Ovariectomia , Fosfolipídeos/sangue , RatosRESUMO
This report concerns changes brought about in the submandibular salivary gland during different stages of the oestrous cycle in the concentrations of total lipids, cholesterol and protein, together with an assessment of the activities of cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase, ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase and an estimation of plasma glucose concentrations. As it is known that the ovarian steroids influence metabolic processes, it was thought desirable to study such metabolic alterations. During the transition from a dioestrous to oestrous stage, lipid accumulation occurred. However, during the metoestrous stage, catabolic tendencies predominated although there was some protein synthesis.
Assuntos
Estro/fisiologia , Glândula Submandibular/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratos , Glândula Submandibular/enzimologiaRESUMO
Titres of oestrogen are known to rise from dioestrous to proestrous stage of the oestrous cycle. Such a rising level of estrogen may be responsible for rise in intracellular concentration of cAMP. The estrogen primed tissue, changing from proestrous to oestrous, under known increasing progesterone level and preovulatory LH surge, may led to a sort of balancing action on the varying levels of glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase enzyme activities so as to play a role in maintaining a steady state of glycogen concentration in the salivary gland. Therefore, alterations in glycogen concentration and the activities of concerned enzymes viz. glycogen synthetase, phosphorylase and cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) have been studied in albino rats. An abrupt but significant drop in cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (cAMP-PDE) activity was found to facilitate corresponding reduction in glycogen and lowering protein concentration of the gland, during transition from oestrous to metoestrous. Main features of the meteostrous stage were depletion of glycogen and protein concentration. Taking into consideration the alteration of glandular glycogen and protein concentration, during various stages of oestrous cycle, variation in the viscosity of saliva has been suggested; in phase with the cyclicity.
Assuntos
Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Estro/fisiologia , Glândula Submandibular/metabolismo , Animais , Feminino , RatosRESUMO
To elucidate the possible involvement of ascorbic acid in gonadal steroidogenesis and role of gonadal steroids on the vitamin's turnover, ascorbic acid levels were quantified in the liver, gonads, kidney, and blood serum in both sexes of the Indian feral blue rock pigeon (Columba livia gmelin) during the breeding (March to April) and nonbreeding (June to July) seasons. Low concentrations were observed during the breeding season and significantly higher cencentrations during the nonbreeding season. These changes are discussed in relation to the synthesis and distribution of ascorbic acid, gonadal steroidogenesis, and probable influence of gonadal function on ascorbic acid levels.
Assuntos
Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Columbidae/metabolismo , Reprodução , Estações do Ano , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Ácido Ascórbico/sangue , Feminino , Gônadas/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , MasculinoRESUMO
The histological changes in the liver of Tilapia mossambica were observed after exposure to a sublethal level (2.5 ppm) of monocrotophos. The changes observed after 2 days of exposure were characterized by necrosis and vacuolation of hepatocytes. Fatty degeneration was observed after 10 days of exposure. However, normalization of histological picture was evident after 15 days of treatment, though some patches of degenerating zones were also found to exist concomitantly. A wave of secondary intensively degenerative changes was observed from 30 days up to 45 days of experimentation. The possible significance of histological lesions and adaptation to exposure after sublethal doses as well as continuous exposure are discussed.
Assuntos
Peixes/anatomia & histologia , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Monocrotofós/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Poluentes da Água/toxicidade , Animais , Fígado/patologia , Fígado/ultraestrutura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Histochemical observations were made on the activities of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH), 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSDH) and 3 oC-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 oC-HSDH) in the preputial glands of normal and isoproterenol treated animals. Observed decrease in the activities of all the three HSDH's are correlated with the possibility of decreased biological effectiveness of circulating steroids after isoproterenol treatment.
Assuntos
Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenases/antagonistas & inibidores , Isoproterenol/farmacologia , Glândulas Sebáceas/enzimologia , 17-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenases/antagonistas & inibidores , 3-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenases/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Histocitoquímica , Masculino , Pênis , Ratos , Glândulas Sebáceas/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase activities were observed in the neuronal and non-neuronal components of the preputial gland. Histological, histochemical and experimental studies clearly indicate that the preputial gland of the rat is innervated by cholinergic as well as adrenergic nerves.
Assuntos
Glândulas Sebáceas/inervação , Acetilcolinesterase/análise , Fibras Adrenérgicas/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Fibras Colinérgicas/anatomia & histologia , Masculino , Monoaminoxidase/análise , Pênis/inervação , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
Extrusion of preformed sebum from the preputial glands of rat after phenylephrine and adrenaline treatment, and its inhibition by alpha-receptor blocking agents under in vitro conditions, shows that secretory response of the glands is influenced by alpha-adrenergic receptors, and isoproterenol--a beta-agonist--is not effective in elicitation of exudation of secretion from the preputial gland.