Patients' experience of telehealth clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional study.

Globally, the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in 2019 has accelerated the adoption of telehealth technologies. The implementation of the Saudi Telemedicine Network (STN) and other digital health initiatives, such as the telehealth clinic (THC) at King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAAUH), exemplifies this trend in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to explore the patients' experience of THC in KAAUH during the COVID-19 pandemic and their' beliefs about their readiness to replace the traditional onsite clinical visits with THC from March to September 2020. A cross-sectional study targeted all 1398 patients who utilized THC at KAAUH. A self-administrated, validated survey collected the data. The survey used a Likert scale and included questions on satisfaction with THC services and the perceived effectiveness of telehealth as a substitute for in-person visits. The collected data was analyzed using frequency and percentage. A total of 252 patients responded to the THC postvisit survey. Overall, 217 patients (86%) were satisfied, 32 patients (13%) were dissatisfied, and only 3 patients (1%) were neutral about THC. Most patients (65.5%) agree that THC provided enough information about their health conditions, which can substitute for clinical visits. About 18.3% of patients were neutral, while 16.3% disagreed with the effectiveness of THC services and believed that they could not replace onsite visits. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most patients were satisfied at KAAUH-THC in Saudi Arabia and believed that it could replace the onsite visit to a physician's clinic. The 2 main causes of the patient's belief that THC could not replace an onsite clinical visit were: First, nonadherence to appointments led to missed calls and a complete medical service. Second, the patient's perception is that a physical examination and lab investigation cannot be completed through THC.

Unravelling the dilemma of self-medication in Egypt: a cross-sectional survey on knowledge, attitude, and practice of the general Egyptian population.

BACKGROUND: Self-medication (SM) is a rising public health issue, especially in developing countries. It can be associated with various problems such as the delayed seeking of medical advice, drug interactions, and serious events such as antimicrobial drug resistance. We aimed to evaluate the Egyptian general population's knowledge, attitudes, and practices of SM. METHODS: We employed a cross-sectional design between February 7th and March 8th, 2023 using a self-administered questionnaire available in Arabic. The questionnaire was developed based on previous studies and included four domains: sociodemographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practice of SM. We utilized both online (Google Forms) and paper surveys, utilizing convenience and snowball sampling methods. Data were analyzed using R Statistical Software (v4.1.3; R Core Team 2022). RESULTS: 1630 Egyptian individuals (838 females and 792 males) from the seven provinces were enrolled, with a median age of 25 years (IQR: 22-40). Around 55.97% and 48.28% of the participants had good knowledge and favorable attitudes regarding SM respectively, while 62.8% had practiced SM in the previous three months. The most frequently used medications were painkillers (60.74%) followed by antibiotics (32.13%) and antipyretics (28.61%). The pharmacist's recommendation was the source of SM for 53.61% while 31.53% used old medications at home. Most participants (59.08%) practiced SM because they thought they had simple or minor symptoms. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that females had significantly higher knowledge of SM than males (aOR: 2.10; 95%CI: 1.64-2.71; p-value < 0.001), with no significant differences in practice (aOR: 1.24; 95%CI: 0.99 - 1.56; p-value = 0.065). Individuals working or studying in the medical field were significantly more knowledgeable about SM (aOR: 4.30; 95%CI: 3.27-5.69; p-value < 0.001) and more likely to practice SM (aOR: 1.65; 95%CI: 1.26-2.17; p-value < 0.001). The odds of SM decreased with favorable attitudes (aOR: 0.44; 95%CI: 0.36-0.55; p-value < 0.001) while surprisingly, knowledge level was not significantly contributing to SM practice (aOR: 1.15; 95%CI: 0.90-1.48; p-value = 0.268). CONCLUSIONS: SM is prevalent in Egypt, highlighting the importance of raising awareness and encouraging physician consultation as a priority. Governments, healthcare organizations, and educational institutions need to collaborate to provide the necessary support and resources.