Influence of Blood on the Accuracy of Raypex 5 and Root ZX Electronic Foramen Locators: An In Vivo Study

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the accuracy of the Raypex 5 and Root ZX electronic foramen locators (EFLs) in the presence of blood in the root canal space. Forty single-canal teeth scheduled for extraction were selected. Access cavity was prepared and coronal enlargement was carried out. Approximately two drops of blood were collected by finger prick and injected into the root canal space. The electronic working length (EWL) of each tooth by each device was established twice before (NB group) and after (WB group) injecting blood into the root canal. The tooth was extracted and the actual working length (AWL) was determined. Data were analyzed using McNemar's test. The accuracy rates of Raypex 5 and Root ZX within 0.5 mm in the NB group were 88.9% and 91.5%, with 83.3% and 86.2% in the WB group, respectively. There were no significant differences between the accuracy of each EFL in the two groups (p>0.05). Considering the NB and WB groups, there were no statistically significant differences in the accuracy of the EFLs (p>0.05). The presence of blood in the root canal space did not influence the accuracy of the EFLs.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou avaliar in vivo a precisão dos localizadores foraminais eletrônicos (EFLs) Raypex 5 e Root ZX em presença de sangue no canal radicular. Foram utilizados 40 dentes unirradiculares destinados a extração. Foi preparada cavidade de acesso e feita ampliação coronária. Cerca de duas gotas de sangue obtidas por punção digital foram injetadas no canal. O comprimento eletrônico de trabalho (EWL) foi medido duas vezes antes (Grupo NB) e depois (Grupo WB) da injeção do sangue. O dente foi extraído e o comprimento real de trabalho (AWL) foi determinado. Os dados foram analisados com o teste de McNemar. As taxas de precisão a ±0,5 mm de Raypex 5 e Root ZX foram 88,9% and 91,5% no Grupo NB, e 83,3% e 86,2% para o Grupo WB, respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa entre a precisão de cada um dos EFLs em ambos os grupos (p>0,05). Considerando os grupos NB e WB, não houve diferença significativa entre as precisões dos EFLs (p>0,05). A presença de sangue no canal radicular não influencou a precisão dos EFLs.

Influence of Blood on the Accuracy of Raypex 5 and Root ZX Electronic Foramen Locators: An In Vivo Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the accuracy of the Raypex 5 and Root ZX electronic foramen locators (EFLs) in the presence of blood in the root canal space. Forty single-canal teeth scheduled for extraction were selected. Access cavity was prepared and coronal enlargement was carried out. Approximately two drops of blood were collected by finger prick and injected into the root canal space. The electronic working length (EWL) of each tooth by each device was established twice before (NB group) and after (WB group) injecting blood into the root canal. The tooth was extracted and the actual working length (AWL) was determined. Data were analyzed using McNemar's test. The accuracy rates of Raypex 5 and Root ZX within 0.5 mm in the NB group were 88.9% and 91.5%, with 83.3% and 86.2% in the WB group, respectively. There were no significant differences between the accuracy of each EFL in the two groups (p>0.05). Considering the NB and WB groups, there were no statistically significant differences in the accuracy of the EFLs (p>0.05). The presence of blood in the root canal space did not influence the accuracy of the EFLs.

Antibacterial effect of triantibiotic mixture, chlorhexidine gel, and two natural materials Propolis and Aloe vera against Enterococcus faecalis: An ex vivo study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the antimicrobial effect of triantibiotic paste, 0.2% chlorhexidine gel, Propolis and Aloe vera on Enterococcus faecalis in deep dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety fresh extracted single-rooted teeth were used in a dentin block model. Seventy-five teeth were infected with E. faecalis and divided into four experimental groups (n = 15). Experimental groups were treated with triantibiotic mixture with distilled water, 0.2% chlorhexidine gel, 70% ethanol + Propolis and Aloe vera. Fifteen teeth treated with distilled water as the positive control and 15 samples, free of bacterial contamination, were considered as the negative control. Gates-Glidden drill #4 was used for removal of surface dentin and Gates-Glidden drill #5 was used to collect samples of deep dentin. The samples were prepared and colony-forming units were counted. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. Statistical significance was defined at P < 0.05. RESULTS: Triantibiotic mixture group exhibited the least bacterial growth. However, the rate of bacterial growth showed no significant differences between chlorhexidine and Propolis groups (P > 0.05). Aloe vera had antibacterial effects on E. faecalis, but in comparison with other medicaments, it was less effective (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This experimental study showed that triantibiotic mixture, 0.2% chlorhexidine gel, Propolis and Aleo vera were relatively effective against E. faecalis. All the intracanal medicements had similar effects on E. faecalis in deep dentin except for Aloe vera.

Influence of apical periodontitis on the accuracy of 3 electronic root canal length measurement devices: an in vivo study.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the influence of apical periodontitis (AP) on the accuracy of Dentaport ZX (J Morita, Kyoto, Japan), Raypex 5 (VDW, Munich, Germany), and i-Root (S-Denti, Seoul, Korea) electronic root canal length measurement devices (ERCLMDs). METHODS: Thirty-two single-rooted teeth scheduled for extraction, consisting of 16 teeth with AP and 16 teeth with normal periapex (NP), were selected. The access cavity was prepared, and the coronal portion of the canal was flared. The electronic working length (EWL) was determined by each ERCLMD according to each manufacturer's instructions. Each tooth was extracted, and the actual working length (AWL) was determined by inserting a size 15 K-file until the tip could be seen at a position tangential to the major foramen and then 0.5 mm was subtracted from the measurement. The distance from the file tip (EWL) to the point 0.5 mm coronal to the major foramen (AWL) was calculated. Data were analyzed using the nonparametric Fisher exact test and the chi-square test. Statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: The accuracies of Dentaport ZX, Raypex 5, and i-Root within ± 0.5 mm in the AP group were 93.8%, 81.3%, and 75.0%; they were 93.3%, 86.7%, and 73.3% in the NP group, respectively. There were no significant differences between the accuracy of each device in the 2 groups (P > .05). Considering the 2 groups of AP and NP, there were no statistically significant differences in the accuracy of the ERCLMDs (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of AP did not influence the accuracy of ERCLMDs.

Biocompatibility of mineral trioxide aggregate and three new endodontic cements: An animal study.

BACKGROUND: Introducing new endodontic cements should await comprehensive investigations and new formulations have to be tested in vivo before applying in human beings. So, the purpose of this study was to compare the biocompatibility of new endodontic cements, calcium aluminate α-aluminate cement (CAAC), calcium aluminate α-aluminate plus cement (CAAC plus), and a mixture of wollastonite and CAAC cement (WOLCA) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), in subcutaneous connective tissue of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 7, 14, and 30 experimental days. Sterile polyethylene tubes were filled with MTA, CAAC, CAAC Plus, and WOLCA cement and implanted subcutaneously. Empty tubes were implanted as negative control. After the experimental periods, animals were sacrificed by anesthetic overdosing. The occurrence of inflammatory responses was scored according to the previously established scores. Data were statistically analyzed using Friedman, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. The level of significance was 5% (P<0.05). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between experimental and negative control sites in each group (P<0.05). CAAC Plus showed the highest mean scores of inflammation, compared with MTA, CAAC, and WOLCA cement sits at the end of all periods (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between inflammatory scores of each site in different experimental groups, except CAAC plus sites, in which inflammation increased significantly with time (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: According to the results of the current study, biocompatibility of CAAC and WOLCA cement were comparable with that of MTA, but CAAC Plus induced an inflammatory response higher than MTA, therefore is not biocompatible.