Polyphenolic content and bioactivities of Crataegus oxyacantha L. (Rosaceae).

Solid-Liquid Extraction (SLE) using solvent of different polarities (CHCl3, EtOAc, and n-BuOH) has been applied to leaves and fruits from (Crataegus oxyacantha L.), a deciduous shrub with an expected rich phytochemical profile. The total polyphenols content and the radical scavenging activity of each extract were evaluated. These extracts were analyzed by HPLC-DAD and rutin, quercetin-3-glucoside, caftaric and caffeic acid had been positively identified. The phytochemical study of the ethyl acetate extract of C. oxyacantha, led to the isolation and structural elucidation of quercetin (1); quercetin-3-O-ß-glucoside (2); epicatechin (3); naringenin (4), reported for the first time from this species except caffeic acid and epicatechin. These compounds were identified by 1D and 2D NMR combined analysis as well as by MS and UV.The antimicrobial activity of these extracts has also been tested, showing strong antibacterial activity-solvent dependent-against Gram positive bacteria. Additionally, bactericidal power was demonstrated in fruit extracts.

Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase and Antiproliferative Effects of Algerian Pistacia atlantica Desf. Extracts.

BACKGROUND: Pistacia atlantica Desf. (Anacardiaceae) has various applications for dietetic and medicinal purposes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate antioxidant, antiproliferative and anticholinesterase activities of different extracts from leaf and stem of Pistacia atlantica Desf. METHODS: The antioxidant activity was performed by four methods: DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC and reducing power assays. Anti-cholinesterase activity was performed against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. Antiproliferative assays were investigated against HeLa cell lines using xCELLigence RTCA instrument. The secondary metabolites composition was established by HPLC-TOF/MS analysis. RESULTS: In DPPH, reducing power and in ABTS .+ scavenging activity, all the extracts showed strong inhibitory activity compared to synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), in which the activities were almost equal to the two standards. The results were less significant in CUPRAC assay. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts exhibited the best antioxidant activity in all tests. Moreover, P. atlantica extracts inhibited AChE and BChE activities in a dose-dependent manner. The strongest AChE and BuChE inhibition activities were obtained for EtOAc extract of the stem (IC50 values 15.14±0.74 and 24.01±0.21 µg/mL, respectively) compared to galantamine (IC50 values 6.27±1.15 and 34.75±1.99 µg/mL, respectively). P. atlantica extracts also showed significant antiproleferative activity against HeLa cell lines, the best antiproleferative activity was obtained for the methanol and EtOAc extracts. The observed biological activities can be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the extracts. The HPLC-TOF/MS analysis identified the presence of 22 phytochemicals. Gallic acid and rutin were the main compounds detected. Cichoric, gentisic, vanillic, protocatechuic and rosmarinic acids as well as catechin and quercetin were also present. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated good antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antiproliferative activities of P. atlantica extracts, which opens up new possibilities for pharmaceutical and food industries.

Chemical constituents, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of ethyl acetate extract obtained from Cytisus triflorus l'Her.

The present study investigates the phenolic composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of an ethyl acetate extract from C. triflorus L'Her. The phytochemical study on the aerial parts of C. triflorus belonging to the Fabaceae family led to the isolation and structural elucidation of 5-Hydroxy-7-O-glucosylflavone (P1), 5-Hydroxy-7-O-galactosylflavone (P2), 5,7-Dihydroxy-flavone (P3), 5,7,3'-Trihydroxy,4'-methoxy-flavone (P4). These compounds were identified by 1D and 2D NMR combined analysis as well as by UV.Ethyl acetate extract of C. triflorus showed a significant and dose-dependent antioxidant activity in vitro, related to the presence of phenolics (180.33 ± 12.22 µg GAE/mg) and flavonoids (16.78 ± 1.54 µg QE/mg). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus CECT 240 and Escherichia coli CECT 4099, by agar-diffusion method. The most active antibacterial activity was expressed by ethyl acetate extract of C. triflorus against Gram-positive bacteria S. aureus. The gathered results suggest that C. triflorus polyphenols and flavonoids are closely associated to its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Hepatoprotective Effects of Algerian Crataegus oxyacantha Leaves.

BACKGROUND: Hawthorn (C. oxyacantha), a common edible plant, is widely used for the preparation of a different foodstuff and is also used in traditional medicine to treat heart problems and gastrointestinal ailments. Recently, a few patents of Crataegus preparation for protective effects (prevention of cardiovascular and hepatic diseases) have been developed. OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to explore the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of nbutanol extract of Crataegus oxyacantha leaves in acute liver damage induced by Doxorubicin (DOX). METHODS: Crataegus oxyacantha (100 mg/kg body weight) or vitamin E as a standard antioxidant (100 mg/kg body weight) were administered orally to female rats for 10 days, in the presence or absence of hepatotoxicity induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of DOX (15 mg/kg on the 8th day). On day 11, blood and liver samples were analyzed for biomarker levels and histopathological changes. Liver homogenates were used for determination of oxidative stress parameters that include Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH) level and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activity. RESULTS: Treatment with n-butanol extract of C. oxyacantha leaves significantly improved the altered liver enzyme activities and oxidative stress markers. The histopathological observations confirm the results of biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION: The obtained results support the traditional use of C. oxyacantha to cure gastrointestinal ailments and highlighted its possible use in the food and pharmaceutical industries as a source of natural antioxidant.

Alcohol Induced Hepato Cardiotoxicity and Oxidative Damage in Rats: The Protective Effect of n-butanol Extract of Green Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze).

BACKGROUND: The principal aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative effects of acute alcohol consumption on the functions of the heart and the liver and the possible modification of this effect by phenolic compounds from n-butanol extract of Camellia sinensis supplementation. METHOD: Three experimental groups of rats were used: control, ethanol-exposed (40% v/v, 5 g/kg per oral every 12 hours for 3 doses, binge model), and ethanol-exposed plus n-butanol extract of Camellia sinensis (100 mg/kg once a day for three days before and simultaneously with ethanol administration). Serum transaminases, cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid peroxidation (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were estimated to assess organs damage. RESULTS: n-butanol extract of Camellia sinensis at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight exhibited a significant reversal effect in all biochemical parameters measured such as extent of lipid peroxidation, GSH, lipid profile, and serum aminotransferase activities. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that n-butanol extract of Camellia sinensis protected the heart and the liver from binge ethanol induced injury through attenuating oxidative stress.