Interplanting potato with grapes improved yield and soil nutrients by optimizing the interactions of soil microorganisms and metabolites.

Interplanting crops is the best method to grow crops synergistically for better utilization of land and agro-resources. Grape (Vitis vinifera) and potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) have highly efficient agricultural planting systems in China, however, how soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial communities and metabolites affect the output of grape-potato interplanting remained unknown. In this study, we employed three planting patterns (CK: grape monocropping; YY: grape interplanted with potato (variety 'Favorita'); LS: grape interplanted with potato (variety 'Longshu7')) at two experimental sites i.e., the Huizhou (2022) site and the Qingyuan site (2023). The grape variety for all planting patterns was 'Sunshine Rose'. Soil samples (top 0-20 cm) at both sites were collected to observe the diversity of bacterial communities and soil metabolites. Our findings revealed that, compared with monocropping, the interplanted systems resulted in higher concentrations of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium and enhanced the activities of acid phosphatase, urease, and protease. The potato root exudates also altered the relative abundance of Bacillus, Kaistobacter, and Streptomyces in the rhizosphere. Among the soil metabolites, lipids and organic acids showed the most significant changes. Notably, 13-L-hydroperoxylinoleic acid is the key differentially abundant metabolite involved in the regulation of linoleic acid metabolism pathways. The association analyses of the metabolome, microbiome, and soil physicochemical properties revealed that the interactions of microbes and metabolites resulted in differences in the soil nutrient content, whereas the interactions of 13-L-hydroperoxylinoleic acid and Firmicutes improved the soil nutrient levels and bacterial composition in the interplanting systems. In summary, our findings demonstrated that intercropping grapes with potato 'Favorita' was better with respect to improving soil nutrients, soil enzyme activity, the diversity of soil bacteria, and soil metabolites without causing adverse impacts on grape yield. Overall, this study explained the physiological mechanisms by which soil microorganisms and metabolites promote potato growth in grape interplanting and provided new perspectives for the utilization of soil resources in vineyards.

Deletion of the foxO1 gene reduces hypoxia tolerance in zebrafish embryos by influencing erythropoiesis.

FoxO1 (Forkhead box O1) belongs to the evolutionarily conserved FoxO subfamily and is involved in diverse physiologic processes, including apoptosis, cell cycle, DNA damage repair, oxidative stress and cell differentiation. FoxO1 plays an important role in regulating the hypoxia microenvironment such as cancers, but its role in hypoxia adaptation remains unclear in animals. To understand the function of foxO1 in hypoxia response, we constructed foxO1a and foxO1b mutant zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. It was found that foxO1a and foxO1b destruction affected the hematopoietic system in the early zebrafish embryos. Specifically, FoxO1a and FoxO1b were found to affect the transcriptional activity of runx1, a marker gene for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Moreover, foxO1a and foxO1b had complementary features in hypoxia response, and foxO1a or/and foxO1b destruction resulted in tolerance of zebrafish becoming weakened in hypoxia due to insufficient hemoglobin supply. Additionally, the transcriptional activity of these two genes was demonstrated to be regulated by Hif1α. In conclusion, foxO1a and foxO1b respond to Hif1α-mediated hypoxia response by participating in zebrafish erythropoiesis. These results will provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the function of FoxO1 in hematopoiesis and hypoxia response.

Determination and evaluation of canthaxanthin and ß-apo-8'-carotenoid ethyl ester in chicken eggs and meat in Tianjin.

Canthaxanthin and ß-apo-8'-carotenoid ethyl ester are widely used as feed additives in poultry feed for enhancing the color of poultry products. The excessive intake of the two colorants can cause health damage. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of canthaxanthin and ß-apo-8'-carotenoid ethyl ester are 0.03 mg/kg·bw and 0.015 mg/kg·bw, respectively. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (UPLC-DAD) was used to determine two colorants in chicken eggs and meat. A PRiME HLB solid-phase extraction cartridge was used to extract and clean-up the sample. BEH C18 column was used as the separation column, with water containing 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.05 mg/kg, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.1 mg/kg. The recoveries were between 90% and 104%. The daily intake of two colorants in chicken eggs and meat was evaluated based on the detection data, food consumption data and weight data of the population. The mean estimated daily intake (EDI) values of canthaxanthin through chicken eggs and meat were 1.09 µg/(kg·bw·d) and 0.013 µg/(kg·bw·d), respectively. The mean EDI value of ß-apo-8'-carotenoid ethyl ester through eggs was 0.44 µg/(kg·bw·d). The results showed that eggs were the main contributor to the daily intake of two colorants. The mean hazard quotients (HQ) values of two colorants through chicken eggs and meat was within a safe range.

Introgression drives adaptation to the plateau environment in a subterranean rodent.

BACKGROUND: Introgression has repeatedly been shown to play an important role in the adaptation of species to extreme environments, yet how introgression enables rodents with specialized subterranean lifestyle to acclimatize to high altitudes is still unclear. Myospalacinae is a group of subterranean rodents, among which the high-altitude plateau zokors (Eospalax baileyi) and the low-altitude Gansu zokors (E. cansus) are sympatrically distributed in the grassland ecosystems of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Together, they provide a model for the study of the role of introgression in the adaptation of low-altitude subterranean rodents to high altitudes. RESULTS: Applying low-coverage whole-genome resequencing and population genetics analyses, we identified evidence of adaptive introgression from plateau zokors into Gansu zokors, which likely facilitated the adaptation of the latter to the high-altitude environment of the QTP. We identified positively selected genes with functions related to energy metabolism, cardiovascular system development, calcium ion transport, and response to hypoxia which likely made critical contributions to adaptation to the plateau environment in both plateau zokors and high-altitude populations of Gansu zokors. CONCLUSIONS: Introgression of genes associated with hypoxia adaptation from plateau zokors may have played a role in the adaptation of Gansu zokors to the plateau environment. Our study provides new insights into the understanding of adaptive evolution of species on the QTP and the importance of introgression in the adaptation of species to high-altitude environments.

ESE-YOLOv8: A Novel Object Detection Algorithm for Safety Belt Detection during Working at Heights.

To address the challenges associated with supervising workers who wear safety belts while working at heights, this study proposes a solution involving the utilization of an object detection model to replace manual supervision. A novel object detection model, named ESE-YOLOv8, is introduced. The integration of the Efficient Multi-Scale Attention (EMA) mechanism within this model enhances information entropy through cross-channel interaction and encodes spatial information into the channels, thereby enabling the model to obtain rich and significant information during feature extraction. By employing GSConv to reconstruct the neck into a slim-neck configuration, the computational load of the neck is reduced without the loss of information entropy, allowing the attention mechanism to function more effectively, thereby improving accuracy. During the model training phase, a regression loss function named the Efficient Intersection over Union (EIoU) is employed to further refine the model's object localization capabilities. Experimental results demonstrate that the ESE-YOLOv8 model achieves an average precision of 92.7% at an IoU threshold of 50% and an average precision of 75.7% within the IoU threshold range of 50% to 95%. These results surpass the performance of the baseline model, the widely utilized YOLOv5 and demonstrate competitiveness among state-of-the-art models. Ablation experiments further confirm the effectiveness of the model's enhancements.

Analyzing urinary hippuric acid as a metabolic health biomarker through a supramolecular architecture.

The prevalence of metabolic disorders has been found to increase concomitantly with alternations in habitual diet and lifestyle, indicating the importance of metabolic health monitoring for early warning of high-risk status and suggesting effective intervention strategies. Hippuric acid (HA), as one of the most abundant metabolites from the gut microbiota, holds potential as a regulator of metabolic health. Accordingly, it is imperative to establish an efficient, sensitive, and affordable method for large-scale population monitoring, revealing the association between HA level and metabolic disorders. Upon systematic screening of macrocycle•dye reporter pair, a supramolecular architecture (guanidinomethyl-modified calix[5]arene, GMC5A) was employed to sense urinary HA by employing fluorescein (Fl), whose complexation behavior was demonstrated by theoretical calculations, accomplishing quantification of HA in urine from 249 volunteers in the range of 0.10 mM and 10.93 mM. Excitedly, by restricted cubic spline, urinary HA concentration was found to have a significantly negative correlation with the risk of metabolic disorders when it exceeded 0.76 mM, suggesting the importance of dietary habits, especially the consumption of fruits, coffee, and tea, which was unveiled from a simple questionnaire survey. In this study, we accomplished a high throughput and sensitive detection of urinary HA based on supramolecular sensing with the GMC5A•Fl reporter pair, which sheds light on the rapid quantification of urinary HA as an indicator of metabolic health status and early intervention by balancing the daily diet.

Primary oocytes with cellular senescence features are involved in ovarian aging in mice.

In mammalian females, quiescent primordial follicles serve as the ovarian reserve and sustain normal ovarian function and egg production via folliculogenesis. The loss of primordial follicles causes ovarian aging. Cellular senescence, characterized by cell cycle arrest and production of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), is associated with tissue aging. In the present study, we report that some quiescent primary oocytes in primordial follicles become senescent in adult mouse ovaries. The senescent primary oocytes share senescence markers characterized in senescent somatic cells. The senescent primary oocytes were observed in young adult mouse ovaries, remained at approximately 15% of the total primary oocytes during ovarian aging from 6 to 12 months, and accumulated in aged ovaries. Administration of a senolytic drug ABT263 to 3-month-old mice reduced the percentage of senescent primary oocytes and the transcription of the SASP factors in the ovary, in addition, led to increased numbers of primordial and total follicles and a higher rate of oocyte maturation. Our study provides experimental evidence that primary oocytes, a germline cell type that is arrested in meiosis, become senescent in adult mouse ovaries and that senescent cell clearance reduced primordial follicle loss and mitigated ovarian aging phenotypes.

Impacts of climate change and human activities on three Glires pests of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

BACKGROUND: The range of Glires is influenced by human activities and climate change. However, the extent to which human activities and environmental changes have contributed to this relationship remains unclear. We examined alterations in the distribution changes and driving factors of the Himalayan marmot, plateau pika, and plateau zokor on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model and a geographical detector (Geodetector). RESULTS: The MaxEnt model showed that the contribution rates of the human footprint index (HFI) to the distribution patterns of the three types of Glires were 46.70%, 58.70%, and 59.50%, respectively. The Geodetector results showed that the distribution pattern of the Himalayan marmot on the QTP was influenced by altitude and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The distribution patterns for plateau pikas and plateau zokors were driven by HFI and NDVI. Climate has played a substantial role in shaping suitable habitats for these three Glires on the QTP. Their suitable area is expected to decrease over the next 30-50 years, along with their niche breadth and overlap. Future suitable habitats for the three Glires tended to shift toward higher latitudes on the QTP. CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the impacts of environmental and human factors on the distribution of the three Glires on the QTP. They have enhanced our understanding of the intricate relationships between Glires niches and environments. This can aid in identifying necessary interventions for developing effective early warning systems and prevention strategies to mitigate Glires infestations and plague epidemics on the QTP. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Determination of nine bisphenol analogues in human urine by high-throughput solid-phase extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis.

Bisphenol analogues (BPs) are a class of typical environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This study aimed to establish a highly sensitive and high-throughput method utilizing 96-well solid-phase extraction (96-well SPE) in conjunction with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) employing multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), information-dependent acquisition (IDA), and enhanced product ion (EPI) scan modes for the identification and quantitative analysis of nine BPs in human urine. Urine samples were initially thawed to room temperature, followed by digestion using ß-glucuronidase in an ammonium acetate buffer solution at 37 °C overnight. Subsequently, they were purified using 96-well SPE and finally analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS. The limits of detection (LOD) for the nine BPs ranged from 0.05 µg∙kg-1 to 0.3 µg kg-1. Average recoveries fell within the range of 92.8 % to 111.7 %. Moreover, both the intra-day and inter-day precisions were satisfactory, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranging from 2.2 % to 6.7 % and 3.5 % to 6.3 %, respectively. The targets in the samples exhibited a perfect match, with a purity fit value exceeding 70 % from the self-built library. The analytical method developed in this study demonstrates high accuracy and sensitivity. In addition, the MRM-IDA-EPI mode can effectively identifies the target BPs and prevents false positive detection of analytes in the urine.

The effect of illness perception on psychosocial adjustment of patients with breast cancer and their spouses: actor-partner independence model.

OBJECTIVE: With the increase in the prevalence rate and improvements in the survival of breast cancer patients, there is a growing interest in understanding the level of psychosocial adjustment in these patients. The study aimed to describe the illness perception and psychosocial adjustment levels of both breast cancer patients and their spouses, to use the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) to clarify the actor-partner relationships between spouses, and to explore the impact of illness perception on psychosocial adjustment to the disease within the joint actions of both spouses. METHODS: A total of 216 female patients with breast cancer and their spouses participated in the study. They were selected from two tertiary hospitals in Guangdong Province, China from October 2022 to May 2023 using a convenience sampling method. The participants were assessed using the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale to examine the relationship between illness perception and psychosocial adjustment. AMOS24.0 was used to test and analyze the actor-partner interdependence model. RESULTS: The illness perception score (57.75 ± 10.91) was slightly higher than that of the spouse (57.10 ± 11.00), and the psychosocial adjustment score (64.67 ± 6.33) was slightly lower than that of the spouse (64.76 ± 7.49). The results of the actor-partner interdependence model indicated that there was a couple partner between breast cancer patients and their spouses: the spouse's illness perception significantly affected the patient's psychosocial adjustment (ß = 0.095, p = 0.015); the patient's illness perception also significantly affected the spouse's psychosocial adjustment (ß = 0.106, p = 0.033). Among them, the patient's psychosocial adjustment was found to be related to the patient's illness comprehensibility or coherence of illness (ß = 0.433, p = 0.009), the spouse's emotional illness representation (ß = 0.218, p = 0.037), and the spouse's illness comprehensibility or coherence of illness (ß = 0.416, p = 0.007), while the spouse's psychosocial adjustment was only related to the spouse's illness comprehensibility or coherence of illness (ß = 0.528, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: The psychosocial adjustment of breast cancer patients is affected by both their own and spouse's illness perception. Therefore, in the future, the healthcare staff can implement early psychological interventions for patients diagnosed with breast cancer and their spouses as a unit to promote the psychosocial adjustment of them.

Surface electrocardiogram f wave analysis in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing thoracoscopic epicardial ablation.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the predictive values of surface electrocardiogram-derived parameters in patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent thoracoscopic epicardial ablation. METHODS: The present study included 102 patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent thoracoscopic epicardial ablation and whose baseline 12-lead electrocardiograms were available. Frequency domain analysis was performed to calculate the electrocardiogram-derived parameters. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify predictive risk factors for postoperative recurrence. RESULTS: At 36-month interval, the overall rate of freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmia without antiarrhythmic drugs was 58.5%. The results of the univariable and multivariable analyses showed that larger left atrial diameter (hazard ratio: 1.074, 95% confidence interval: 1.021-1.130, P = 0.006) was an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation recurrence, while higher fibrillatory wave amplitude was a protective factor (hazard ratio: 0.292, 95% confidence interval: 0.157-0.542, P < 0.001). The associations were clarified by the restricted cubic splines. The dominant frequency and organization index were not identified as statistically significant parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The fibrillatory wave amplitude has the highest predictive value for atrial fibrillation recurrence in electrocardiogram-derived parameters. Together with left atrial diameter, it may help identify patients in whom thoracoscopic ablation is likely to be effective.

Spermatocytes are the terminals of germ cell differentiation in plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) during the non-breeding season.

Plateau zokor (Eospalax baileyi) is a subterranean rodent and seasonal breeder. During the non-breeding season, the testicles regress, leading to the arrest of spermatogenesis and loss of fertility. The identification of the specific germ cell type at which spermatogenesis is arrested, as well as potential regulatory factors during the non-breeding season, is important for understanding seasonal spermatogenesis in subterranean species. This study analyzed genes in spermatocytes of plateau zokor by referring to single-cell RNA results in mice. We discovered that spermatogenesis is arrested at the spermatocyte during the non-breeding season, which was corroborated via immunofluorescence staining results. The analysis of gene expression during different stages of meiotic prophase I has revealed that germ cell development may be arrested, starting from zygonema, during the non-breeding season. Meanwhile, we discovered that the apoptosis genes were up-regulated, leading to apoptosis in spermatocytes. To confirm that the germ cell differentiation was blocked during the non-breeding season due to a decrease in the androgen level, we used androgen receptor antagonist (flutamide) to intervene in the breeding season and found that the inner diameter of the seminiferous tubules was significantly reduced, spermatogenesis was arrested, and spermatocytes underwent apoptosis. This study revealed that spermatocytes are the terminal of germ cell differentiation in plateau zokor during the non-breeding season and that the arrest of differentiation is attributed to a decline in androgen levels. Our results complement the theoretical basis of seasonal reproduction in plateau zokor.

Sulfonated Azocalix[4]arene-Modified Metal-Organic Framework Nanosheets for Doxorubicin Removal from Serum.

Chemotherapy is one of the most commonly used methods for treating cancer, but its side effects severely limit its application and impair treatment effectiveness. Removing off-target chemotherapy drugs from the serum promptly through adsorption is the most direct approach to minimize their side effects. In this study, we synthesized a series of adsorption materials to remove the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin by modifying MOF nanosheets with sulfonated azocalix[4]arenes. The strong affinity of sulfonated azocalix[4]arenes for doxorubicin results in high adsorption strength (Langmuir adsorption constant = 2.45-5.73 L mg-1) and more complete removal of the drug. The extensive external surface area of the 2D nanosheets facilitates the exposure of a large number of accessible adsorption sites, which capture DOX molecules without internal diffusion, leading to a high adsorption rate (pseudo-second-order rate constant = 0.0058-0.0065 g mg-1 min-1). These adsorbents perform effectively in physiological environments and exhibit low cytotoxicity and good hemocompatibility. These features make them suitable for removing doxorubicin from serum during "drug capture" procedures. The optimal adsorbent can remove 91% of the clinical concentration of doxorubicin within 5 min.

Single Molecular Nanomedicines Based on Macrocyclic Carrier-Drug Conjugates for Concentration-Independent Encapsulation and Precise Activation of Drugs.

Nanomedicines often rely on noncovalent self-assembly and encapsulation for drug loading and delivery. However, challenges such as reproducibility issues due to the multicomponent nature, off-target activation caused by premature drug release, and complex pharmacokinetics arising from assembly dissociation have hindered their clinical translation. In this study, we introduce an innovative design concept termed single molecular nanomedicine (SMNM) based on macrocyclic carrier-drug conjugates. Through the covalent linkage of two chemotherapy drugs to a hypoxia-cleavable macrocyclic carrier, azocalix[4]arene, we obtained two self-included complexes to serve as SMNMs. The intramolecular inclusion feature of the SMNMs has not only demonstrated comprehensive shielding and protection for the drugs but also effectively prevented off-target drug leakage, thereby significantly reducing their side effects and enhancing their antitumor therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, the attributes of being a single component and molecularly dispersed confer advantages such as ease of preparation and good reproducibility for SMNMs, which is desirable for clinical applications.

Review: Mechanism of herbivores synergistically metabolizing toxic plants through liver and intestinal microbiota.

Interspecific interactions are central to ecological research. Plants produce toxic plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) as a defense mechanism against herbivore overgrazing, prompting their gradual adaptation to toxic substances for tolerance or detoxification. P450 enzymes in herbivore livers bind to PSMs, whereas UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase increase the hydrophobicity of the bound PSMs for detoxification. Intestinal microorganisms such as Bacteroidetes metabolize cellulase and other macromolecules to break down toxic components. However, detoxification is an overall response of the animal body, necessitating coordination among various organs to detoxify ingested PSMs. PSMs undergo detoxification metabolism through the liver and gut microbiota, evidenced by increased signaling processes of bile acids, inflammatory signaling molecules, and aromatic hydrocarbon receptors. In this context, we offer a succinct overview of how metabolites from the liver and gut microbiota of herbivores contribute to enhancing metabolic PSMs. We focused mainly on elucidating the molecular communication between the liver and gut microbiota involving endocrine, immune, and metabolic processes in detoxification. We have also discussed the potential for future alterations in the gut of herbivores to enhance the metabolic effects of the liver and boost the detoxification and metabolic abilities of PSMs.

High-Performance Photoinduced Tunneling Self-Driven Photodetector for Polarized Imaging and Polarization-Coded Optical Communication based on Broken-Gap ReSe2/SnSe2 van der Waals Heterojunction.

Novel 2D materials with low-symmetry structures exhibit great potential applications in developing monolithic polarization-sensitive photodetectors with small volume. However, owing to the fact that at least half of them presented a small anisotropic factor of ≈2, comprehensive performance of present polarization-sensitive photodetectors based on 2D materials is still lower than the practical application requirements. Herein, a self-driven photodetector with high polarization sensitivity using a broken-gap ReSe2/SnSe2 van der Waals heterojunction (vdWH) is demonstrated. Anisotropic ratio of the photocurrent (Imax/Imin) could reach 12.26 (635 nm, 179 mW cm-2). Furthermore, after a facile combination of the ReSe2/SnSe2 device with multilayer graphene (MLG), Imax/Imin of the MLG/ReSe2/SnSe2 can be further increased up to13.27, which is 4 times more than that of pristine ReSe2 photodetector (3.1) and other 2D material photodetectors even at a bias voltage. Additionally, benefitting from the synergistic effect of unilateral depletion and photoinduced tunneling mechanism, the MLG/ReSe2/SnSe2 device exhibits a fast response speed (752/928 µs) and an ultrahigh light on/off ratio (105). More importantly, MLG/ReSe2/SnSe2 device exhibits excellent potential applications in polarized imaging and polarization-coded optical communication with quaternary logic state without any power supply. This work provides a novel feasible avenue for constructing next-generation smart polarization-sensitive photodetector with low energy consumption.

Spectrum learning for super-resolution tomographic reconstruction.

Objective. Computed Tomography (CT) has been widely used in industrial high-resolution non-destructive testing. However, it is difficult to obtain high-resolution images for large-scale objects due to their physical limitations. The objective is to develop an improved super-resolution technique that preserves small structures and details while efficiently capturing high-frequency information.Approach. The study proposes a new deep learning based method called spectrum learning (SPEAR) network for CT images super-resolution. This approach leverages both global information in the image domain and high-frequency information in the frequency domain. The SPEAR network is designed to reconstruct high-resolution images from low-resolution inputs by considering not only the main body of the images but also the small structures and other details. The symmetric property of the spectrum is exploited to reduce weight parameters in the frequency domain. Additionally, a spectrum loss is introduced to enforce the preservation of both high-frequency components and global information.Main results. The network is trained using pairs of low-resolution and high-resolution CT images, and it is fine-tuned using additional low-dose and normal-dose CT image pairs. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed SPEAR network outperforms state-of-the-art networks in terms of image reconstruction quality. The approach successfully preserves high-frequency information and small structures, leading to better results compared to existing methods. The network's ability to generate high-resolution images from low-resolution inputs, even in cases of low-dose CT images, showcases its effectiveness in maintaining image quality.Significance. The proposed SPEAR network's ability to simultaneously capture global information and high-frequency details addresses the limitations of existing methods, resulting in more accurate and informative image reconstructions. This advancement can have substantial implications for various industries and medical diagnoses relying on accurate imaging.

Primary oocytes with cellular senescence features are involved in ovarian aging in mice.

In mammalian females, quiescent primordial follicles serve as the ovarian reserve and sustain normal ovarian function and egg production via folliculogenesis. The loss of primordial follicles causes ovarian aging. Cellular senescence, characterized by cell cycle arrest and production of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), is associated with tissue aging. In the present study, we report that some quiescent primary oocytes in primordial follicles become senescent in adult mouse ovaries. The senescent primary oocytes share senescence markers characterized in senescent somatic cells. The senescent primary oocytes were observed in young adult mouse ovaries, remained at approximately 15% of the total primary oocytes during ovarian aging from 6 months to 12 months, and accumulated in aged ovaries. Administration of a senolytic drug ABT263 to 3-month-old mice reduced the percentage of senescent primary oocytes and the transcription of the SASP cytokines in the ovary. In addition, led to increased numbers of primordial and total follicles and a higher rate of oocyte maturation and female fertility. Our study provides experimental evidence that primary oocytes, a germline cell type that is arrested in meiosis, become senescent in adult mouse ovaries and that senescent cell clearance reduced primordial follicle loss and mitigated ovarian aging phenotypes.

Histiocytic sarcoma following CAR T-cell therapy: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Development of secondary tumor after CART treatment is not well investigated. We report a pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patient who developed histiocytic sarcoma shortly after CART therapy. CASE REPORT: A 9-year-old boy diagnosed with relapsed B-ALL presenting the KRAS A146T mutation received autologous mouse-derived CD19 and CD22 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy at our center (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000032211). Thirty days post-CART therapy, the bone marrow showed complete remission. At 85 days post-CART therapy, the boy presented with fever and chills. An abdominal CT scan showed massive hepatomegaly with multiple low-density lesions in the liver. At 130 days post-CART therapy, a bone marrow smear showed abnormal proliferation of macrophages, some of which exhibited phagocytosis. On day 136 post-CART therapy, laparoscopic liver biopsy was performed, revealing multiple yellow-white lesions on the surface of the liver. Microscopically, multifocal lesions were observed, predominantly composed of cells with abundant cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining indicated histiocytic origin. Based on the immunohistochemical results, histiocytic sarcoma was diagnosed. The same cytogenetic markers were identified in histiocytic sarcoma. CONCLUSION: Our case illustrates a rare complication after CART therapy. The diagnosis and treatment of histiocytic sarcoma pose many challenges.