Hospitalizations in Brazil according to National Health Survey estimates, 2013 and 2019.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the profile and prevalence of hospitalizations in Brazil based on estimates from the National Health Survey (PNS), 2013 and 2019. METHODS: A cross-sectional study that used data from the 2013 PNS and the 2019 PNS. The outcome was having been hospitalized for 24 hours or more in the last 12 months. We calculated the proportion of the population in different categories of age group, presence or absence of chronic diseases, and perception of health status. We estimated the total number of hospitalizations and the proportion corresponding to each category of age group, chronic disease, and perceived health status. We calculated the prevalence of hospitalization according to geographic, socioeconomic, and health conditions. We compared the estimates of two editions of the PNS using Student's t-test for independent samples. We considered significant differences when the p-value was less than 0.01. And finally, we compared hospitalization estimates with administrative data to assess data consistency. RESULTS: We observed that the proportion of chronically ill people in the population increased from 15.04% to 31.48%. This group was responsible for 36.76% of the total number of hospitalizations in 2013 and 57.61% in 2019. The prevalence of hospitalizations increased significantly between the two surveys and the increases were higher in the Southeast region and among people who have private health insurance. A discrepancy was found between administrative data and survey estimates. Obstetric hospitalizations and health insurance hospitalizations were underestimated. CONCLUSION: There was an increase in overall hospitalization rates in the period between the PNS 2013 and PNS 2019, especially among people with better access to health services. The hospitalization profile also changed-in the 2013 PNS, hospitalizations of people without chronic diseases predominated. This was reversed in PNS 2019.

Hospitalizations in Brazil according to National Health Survey estimates, 2013 and 2019 / Hospitalizações no Brasil pelas estimativas da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013 e 2019

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To compare the profile and prevalence of hospitalizations in Brazil based on estimates from the National Health Survey (PNS), 2013 and 2019. METHODS A cross-sectional study that used data from the 2013 PNS and the 2019 PNS. The outcome was having been hospitalized for 24 hours or more in the last 12 months. We calculated the proportion of the population in different categories of age group, presence or absence of chronic diseases, and perception of health status. We estimated the total number of hospitalizations and the proportion corresponding to each category of age group, chronic disease, and perceived health status. We calculated the prevalence of hospitalization according to geographic, socioeconomic, and health conditions. We compared the estimates of two editions of the PNS using Student's t-test for independent samples. We considered significant differences when the p-value was less than 0.01. And finally, we compared hospitalization estimates with administrative data to assess data consistency. RESULTS We observed that the proportion of chronically ill people in the population increased from 15.04% to 31.48%. This group was responsible for 36.76% of the total number of hospitalizations in 2013 and 57.61% in 2019. The prevalence of hospitalizations increased significantly between the two surveys and the increases were higher in the Southeast region and among people who have private health insurance. A discrepancy was found between administrative data and survey estimates. Obstetric hospitalizations and health insurance hospitalizations were underestimated. CONCLUSION There was an increase in overall hospitalization rates in the period between the PNS 2013 and PNS 2019, especially among people with better access to health services. The hospitalization profile also changed—in the 2013 PNS, hospitalizations of people without chronic diseases predominated. This was reversed in PNS 2019.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Comparar o perfil e a prevalência das hospitalizações no Brasil com base nas estimativas da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), 2013 e 2019. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal seriado que utilizou os dados das PNS 2013 e PNS 2019. O desfecho foi ter ficado internado por 24 horas ou mais nos últimos 12 meses. Calculamos a proporção da população nas diversas categorias de faixa etária, de presença ou ausência de doenças crônicas e de percepção do estado de saúde. Estimamos o número total de hospitalizações e a proporção correspondente a cada categoria de faixa etária, de doença crônica e de percepção do estado de saúde. Calculamos a prevalência de internação segundo fatores geográficos, socioeconômicos e condições de saúde. Comparamos as estimativas das duas edições da PNS utilizando o teste t de Student para amostras independentes. Consideramos as diferenças significativas quando o valor de p foi menor que 0,01. E finalmente comparamos as estimativas de hospitalização com os dados administrativos para avaliar a consistência dos dados. RESULTADOS Observamos que a proporção de doentes crônicos na população passou de 15,04% para 31,48%. Este grupo foi responsável por 36,76% do total de internações em 2013 e de 57,61% em 2019. A prevalência de hospitalizações aumentou significativamente entre os dois inquéritos e os incrementos foram maiores na região Sudeste e entre pessoas que possuem plano de saúde privado. Foi encontrada uma discrepância entre os dados administrativos e as estimativas dos inquéritos. As internações obstétricas e as internações por plano de saúde foram subestimadas. CONCLUSÃO Houve um aumento nas taxas globais de hospitalização no período compreendido entre as PNS 2013 e 2019, especialmente entre as pessoas com melhor acesso aos serviços de saúde. O perfil de hospitalização também mudou - na PNS 2013 predominaram internações de pessoas sem doenças crônicas. Isto se inverteu na PNS 2019.

New considerations on pupillary block mechanism.

PURPOSE: To study the mechanisms of pupillary block in eyes with occludable angle by ultrasound biomicroscopy. METHODS: Initially, a pilot study of 13 eyes with acute primary angle-closure without medication was executed. Ultrasound biomicroscopy measurements of the angle, posterior chamber depth and iris thickness were performed in the temporal quadrant under light and dark conditions. Afterwards, ultrasound biomicroscopy measurements of iris-lens contact distance and iris-lens angle in the temporal quadrant and central anterior chamber depth were made in 32 eyes with acute primary angle-closure or intermittent primary angle-closure without medication, under light and dark conditions before and after laser peripheral iridectomy. RESULTS: In the pilot study, a significant decrease in the angle as well as a significant increase in the iris thickness occurred when comparing light to dark conditions. Before and after laser peripheral iridectomy (second study), significant differences were found in iris-lens contact distance (P<0.001) and iris-lens angle (P<0.001) under light and dark conditions. Also, significant differences were found in light and dark conditions, before laser peripheral iridectomy, in iris-lens angle (P=0.005), and after laser peripheral iridectomy, in iris-lens contact distance (P<0.001). No significant change occurred with anterior chamber depth. CONCLUSIONS: A decreased angle was correlated to an increase in iris thickness. After laser peripheral iridectomy, acute primary angle-closure or primary angle-closure eyes had an increased iris-lens contact distance and a decreased iris-lens angle. The anterior chamber depth did not change. These findings contradict the theory that pupillary block is the mechanism of acute primary angle-closure.