RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Continuous glucose monitoring can improve glycemic control for hospitalized patients with diabetes, according to current evidence. However, there is a lack of consensus-established recommendations for the management of hospitalized patients with diabetes using flash continuous glucose monitoring system (fCGM) in Latin America. Therefore, this expert consensus exercise aimed to establish guidelines on the implementation of fCGM in the management of hospitalized patients with diabetes in Latin America. METHODS: The modified Delphi method was applied on a panel of nine specialists, establishing consensus at 80%. A twenty-two-question instrument was developed to establish recommendations on the use of fCGM in hospitalized patients living with diabetes. RESULTS: Based on consensus, experts recommend the use of fCGM in hospitalized patients with diabetes starting at admission or whenever hyperglycemia (> 180 mg/dl) is confirmed and continue monitoring throughout the entire hospital stay. The recommended frequency of fCGM scans varies depending on the patient's age and diabetes type: ten scans per day for pediatric patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes, adult patients with type 1 diabetes and pregnant patients, and seven scans for adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Different hospital services can benefit from fCGM, including the emergency room, internal medicine departments, intensive care units, surgery rooms, and surgery wards. CONCLUSIONS: The use of fCGM is recommended for patients with diabetes starting at the time of admission in hospitals in Latin America, whenever the necessary resources (devices, education, personnel) are available.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diabetes is a serious health problem for pediatrics. In pediatric patients control depends on correct insulin administration. The most usual is subcutaneous administration according to the glycemic control. The aim was to analyze the indications for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) children and adolescents. METHODS: It was carried out a descriptive study in patients from 1 to 16 years with T1DM who underwent CSII therapy. The main cause to use this therapy was analyzed, and also if that cause was different regarding age, sex and disease progression. RESULTS: 61 patients underwent CSII therapy. The median age at the beginning of treatment was 9 years old; 43 patients (71.6 %) had more than one year of diagnosis. The main reasons to use CSII were: 42.6 % had to improve their quality of life, 34.4 % had to reduce the high glycemic variability, 13.1 % had to control severe recurrent hypoglycemia, and 9.8 % had to control their HbA1c. For children under 6 years of age (n = 14) the more frequent indication were recurrent hypoglycemia and to improve their quality of life; children from 6 to 12 years of age (n = 27) had to improve their quality of life, and in children over 12 years CSII was indicated for high glycemic variability and severe recurrent hypoglycemia. There was no different indication related between sexes. CONCLUSION: Improve their quality of life and reach a better glycemic control were the main reasons to start CSII in our patients.
Introducción: la diabetes es un problema serio de salud para la pediatría. En pacientes de ese grupo etario, el control depende de la adecuada administración de la insulina.Se buscó analizar las indicaciones para el uso de terapia de infusión continua subcutánea de insulina (ICSI) en niños y adolescentes con diabetes mellitus 1 (DM1). Métodos: estudio descriptivo en pacientes de 1 a 16 años con DM1, en quienes se propuso el inicio de la terapia con ICSI. Se analizó el motivo principal para justificar su inicio y si este fue diferente según edad, sexo y tiempo de evolución. Resultados: en 61 pacientes se aceptó el inicio de ICSI. La mediana de edad fue de 9 años al momento de la colocación y 43 pacientes (71.6 %) tuvieron más de un año de diagnóstico. Los motivos principales para su inicio fueron: 42.6 % (26 de 61) ante un deseo de mejorar su calidad de vida; 34.4 % (21 de 61) para reducir una variabilidad glucémica importante; 13.1 % (8 de 61) para controlar hipoglucemias recurrentes, y 9.8 % (6 de 61) para lograr metas de control en su valor de HbA1c. En los menores de 6 años (n = 14) se indicó más por hipoglucemias recurrentes y para mejorar su calidad de vida; para los de 6 a 12 años (n = 27) para mejorar su calidad de vida; y en los mayores de 12 años (n = 20) por variabilidad glucémica importante e hipoglucemias recurrentes. No hubo diferencias por sexos. Conclusión: los principales motivos que influyeron en la indicación de la ICSI en nuestros pacientes pediátricos fueron mejorar su calidad de vida y lograr un mejor control glucémico.