Highly efficient identification of nucleocytoplasmic O-glycosylation by the TurboID-based proximity labeling method in living cells.

Glycosylation is a ubiquitous posttranslational modification and plays an important role in many processes, such as protein stability, folding, processing, and trafficking. Among glycosylation types, O-glycosylation is difficult to analyze due to the complex glycan composition, low abundance and lack of glycosidases to remove the O-glycans. Many methods have been applied to analyze the O-glycosylation of membrane glycoproteins and secreted glycoproteins since the synthesis of O-glycosylation occurred in the Golgi apparatus. In recent years, some O-glycosylation has been reported in the nucleus. In this work, we present a proximity labeling strategy based on TurboID by combining core 1 ß1-3 galactosyltransferase (C1GalT1), which has been reported in the nucleus, to characterize nucleocytoplasmic O-glycosylation in living HeLa cells. The O-glycosylated protein C1GalT1 was biotinylated by the proximity labeling method in living HeLa cells overexpressing C1GalT1 fused by TurboID and enriched by streptavidin-coated beads. Following digestion with trypsin and mass spectrometry analysis, 68 high-confidence and 298 putative O-glycosylated sites were identified on 366 peptides mapped to 267 proteins. These results indicated that the proximity labeling method is a highly efficient technique to identify O-glycosylation. Furthermore, the finding of abundant O-glycosylation from nucleocytoplasmic proteins indicates a new pathway of O-glycosylation synthesis in cells.

Selective Photoelectrochemical Oxidation of Glycerol to Glyceric Acid on (002) Facets Exposed WO3 Nanosheets.

Glycerol is a byproduct of biodiesel production. Selective photoelectrochemical oxidation of glycerol to high value-added chemicals offers an economical and sustainable approach to transform renewable feedstock as well as store green energy at the same time. In this work, we synthesized monoclinic WO3 nanosheets with exposed (002) facets, which could selectively oxidize glycerol to glyceric acid (GLYA) with a photocurrent density of 1.7 mA cm-2 , a 73 % GLYA selectivity and a 39 % GLYA Faradaic efficiency at 0.9 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW cm-2 ). Compared to (200) facets exposed WO3 , a combination of experiments and theoretical calculations indicates that the superior performance of selective glycerol oxidation mainly originates from the better charge separation and prolonged carrier lifetime resulted from the plenty of surface trapping states, lower energy barrier of the glycerol-to-GLYA reaction pathway, more abundant active sites and stronger oxidative ability of photogenerated holes on the (002) facets exposed WO3 . Our findings show great potential to significantly contribute to the sustainable and environmentally friendly chemical processes via designing high performance photoelectrochemical cell via facet engineering for renewable feedstock transformation.

Cobalt's Dual Role in Promoting C3-Glycosylation of Indoles: Unraveling Mechanistic Insights.

In this study, we present a cobalt-catalyzed C3-glycosylation of indoles using unfunctionalized glycals, yielding 3-indolyl-C-deoxyglycosides. These compounds hold promise as sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for treating type 2 diabetes. Control experiments unveiled that cobalt assumes a dual role, facilitating catalytic C-glycosylation while unexpectedly driving the anomerization of α-anomers through endocyclic cleavage of the C1-O5 bond, resulting in the formation of ß-C-deoxyglycosides. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations shed light on the reaction mechanism, emphasizing the significant role of the pyridine group of indole in stabilizing transition states and intermediates.

Developing Preparation Craft Platform for Solid Electrolytes Containing Volatile Components: Experimental Study of Competition between Lithium Loss and Densification in Li7La3Zr2O12.

Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is one of the most promising candidate solid electrolytes for high-safety solid-state batteries. However, similar to other solid electrolytes containing volatile components during high-temperature sintering, the preparation of densified LLZO with high conductivity is challenging involving the complicated gas-liquid-solid sintering mechanism. Further attention on establishing low-cost laborastory-scale preparation craft platform of LLZO ceramic is also required. This work demonstrates a "pellet on gravel" sintering strategy, which is performed in a MgO crucible and box furnace under ambient air without any special equipment or expensive consumables. In addition, the competition between lithium loss from the sintering system and internal grain densification is critically studied, whereas the influences of particle surface energy, Li-loss amount, and initial excess Li2O amount are uncovered. Based on the sintering behavior and mechanism, optimized craft platform for preparing dense LLZO solid electrolytes including mixing, calcination, particle tailoring and sintering is provided. Finally, exemplary Ta-doped LLZO pellets with 2 wt % La2Zr2O7 additives sintered at 1260-1320 °C for 20 min deliver Li+ conductivities of ∼9 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 25 °C, relative densities of >96%, and a dense cross-sectional microstructure. As a practical demonstration, LLZO solid electrolyte with optimized performance is applied in both Li-Li symmetric cells and Li-S batteries. This work sheds light on the practical production of high-quality LLZO ceramics and provides inspiration for sintering ceramics containing volatile compounds.

Ni-CeO2 Heterostructures in Li-S Batteries: A Balancing Act between Adsorption and Catalytic Conversion of Polysulfide.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have attracted considerable attention over the last two decades because of a high energy density and low cost. However, the wide application of Li-S batteries has been severely impeded due to the poor electrical conductivity of S, shuttling effect of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), and sluggish redox kinetics of S species, especially under high S loading. To address all these issues, a Ni-CeO2 heterostructure-doped carbon nanofiber (Ni-CeO2 -CNF) is developed as an S host that combines the strong adsorption with the high catalytic activity and the good electrical conductivity, where the LiPSs anchored on the heterostructure surface can directly gain electrons from the current collector and realize a fast conversion between S8 and Li2 S. Therefore, Li-S batteries with S@Ni-CeO2 -CNF cathodes exhibit superior long-term cycling stability, with a capacity decay of 0.046% per cycle over 1000 cycles, even at 2 C. Noteworthy, under a sulfur loading up to 6 mg cm-2 , a high reversible areal capacity of 5.3 mAh cm-2 can be achieved after 50 cycles at 0.1 C. The heterostructure-modified S cathode effectively reconciles the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of LiPSs for adsorption and conversion, furthering the development of high-performance Li-S batteries.

Isolated Single-Atom Ni-N5 Catalytic Site in Hollow Porous Carbon Capsules for Efficient Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries suffer from multiple complex and often interwoven issues, such as the low electronic conductivity of sulfur and Li2S/Li2S2, shuttle effect, and sluggish electrochemical kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Guided by theoretical calculations, a multifunctional catalyst of isolated single-atom nickel in an optimal Ni-N5 active moiety incorporated in hollow nitrogen-doped porous carbon (Ni-N5/HNPC) is constructed and acts as an ideal host for a sulfur cathode. The host improved electrical conductivity, enhanced physical-chemical dual restricting capability toward LiPSs, and, more importantly, boosted the redox reaction kinetics by the Ni-N5 active moiety. Therefore, the Ni-N5/HNPC/S cathode exhibits superior rate performance, long-term cycling stability, and good areal capacity at high sulfur loading. This work highlights the important role of the coordination number of active centers in single-atom catalysts and provides a strategy to design a hollow nanoarchitecture with single-atom active sites for high-performance Li-S batteries.

[Chemical composition analysis of Eucalyptus essential oil and allelopathic effects of α-terpineol]. / æ¡‰æ ‘æ²¹åŒ–å­¦æˆåˆ†åˆ†æžåŠα-松油醇的化感作用.

We extracted Eucalyptus essential oil by steam distillation and analyzed its chemical components by GC-MS. The inhibitory effects of α-terpineol, a component in Eucalyptus essential oil, were tested in Petri dishes on the germination and growth of Amaranthus retroflexus. The allelopathic effects of α-terpineol on A. retroflexus were examined with a pot experiment by measuring germination rate and biomass. The yield of essential oil was 0.04%. Ninety-two chemical components were detected from the essential oil. In Petri dish experiment, the germination inhibitory effect under 5 µL and 7.5 µL of α-terpineol per dish reached 100%. In pot experiment, germination, aboveground fresh and dry weights of A. retroflexus were significantly affected by α-terpineol. At the concentration of 1.6 µL·cm-3, the inhibition effect was strongest, with the allelopathic response index being -0.51 for germination, -0.62 for aboveground fresh weight, and -0.44 for aboveground dry weight, and the inhibition ratio being 51%, 62% and 44%, respectively.

Self-Repairing Function of Ni3S2 Layer on Ni Particles in the Na/NiCl2 Cells with the Addition of Sulfur in the Catholyte.

The role of the Ni3S2 layer on Ni particles in the electrochemical performance of Na/NiCl2 cells with the addition of sulfur into the cathode is studied. It was found that the Ni3S2 layer could be in situ generated on nickel particles and exhibit a self-repairing function during cycling when sulfur exists in the cathode due to the reaction between the sulfur and nickel particles. The self-repairing function of the Ni3S2 layer could enhance the blocking effect and improve the battery cycle performance. The capacity of the cell with the optimum amount of sulfur (with self-repairing function) after 50 cycles is about 12% greater than that of the cell with the optimum level of Ni3S2 (without self-repairing function). The effect of the self-repairing function of the Ni3S2 layer is determined by the amount of sulfur in the cathode.

Comparison of procedural sequences in same-day painless bidirectional endoscopy: Single-center, prospective, randomized study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)-colonoscopy and colonoscopy-EGD sequences for patients subjected to same-day bidirectional endoscopy under remifentanil and propofol sedation. METHODS: A total of 209 eligible outpatients scheduled for diagnostic same-day bidirectional endoscopy between 16 February 2016 and 30 April 2016 were randomly assigned to the EGD-colonoscopy (n = 106) and colonoscopy-EGD (n = 103) sequence groups. Primary endpoint was total dose of propofol required for the procedure. Secondary endpoints included duration of endoscopy, patient satisfaction, adverse effects, endoscopy findings, and cardiopulmonary responses of the patients. RESULTS: Patients in the two groups were similar in terms of demographic and clinical data (P > 0.05). EGD-colonoscopy sequence group had lesser requirement of propofol for sedation (P < 0.05), faster recovery (P < 0.001), and lesser influence on mean arterial pressure (MAP) during the endoscopy (P < 0.05). Duration of EGD and colonoscopy, patient satisfaction, adverse effects, and pathological findings did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The EGD-colonoscopy sequence may be considered the preferred sequence for same-day bidirectional endoscopy as a result of less cardiovascular stress, lessened need for sedation with propofol, and faster recovery.

[Study on ultrasonic nebulizer sample feeding system for ICP-AES].

The sample feeding system of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) is pneumatic nebulization system, but its efficiency is not good. The ultrasonic nebulization technology possesses advantages of high nebulization efficient and fine droplets, and it is free of blocking phenomenon. It has good application perspective in nebulization technology. In the present paper the authors study the working conditions of ultrasonic nebulizer such as carrier gas flow, injection time, injection rate and mode of washing that are likely to affect the detection results, and study the detecting conditions of several elements such as As and Se etc. that have poorly detection limits in normal ICP-AES methods. At the same time, the application of them in biochemical samples was studied. Testing results show that carrier gas flow, injection rate and injection time can greatly affect the intensity of spectral lines, and the ultrasonic nebulizer sample feeding system can increase the spectral line intensity and decrease the detection limit elements such as As, Pb, Se, Bi, Ge, Mo, Cd and Cu by about 10-25 times. Moreover, this ultrasonic nebulizer sample feeding system can reduce the time of memory effect by washing the sample cell.