RESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la diversidad alimentaria entre los habitantes de las provincias de Lima, Arequipa y Sullana de Perú durante el tiempo de aislamiento debido a la COVID-19 y explorar los factores asociados. Métodos: Estudio transversal en el que se aplicó cuestionarios electrónicos a los encuestados entre la última semana de junio y primera semana de julio de 2020. Todas las ciudades se encontraban en cuarentena al momento de realizar el estudio. Evaluamos la diversidad dietética utilizando el Puntaje de Diversidad Dietética del Hogar (HDDS, siglas en inglés). Se recolecto información en un total de 672 hogares, después del control de calidad en gabinete y previo al análisis estadístico se analizaron los datos de 600 hogares: 281 en Lima, 212 en Arequipa y 107 en Sullana; el total de participantes fueron 2.570 residentes de las tres ciudades de Perú. Resultados: El grupo de cereales tuvo el 96,5% de consumo, las misceláneas el 77,7%, los aceites y grasas el 74,7%, y los pescados y mariscos el 52,3%. Tener mayores ingresos económicos se asoció con un HDDS significativamente más alto en comparación con aquellos que tienen menores ingresos (p<0,01). Los habitantes de Sullana tienen el puntaje de diversidad alimentaria más bajo (HDDS= 7,82), seguido por Arequipa (HDDS= 10,19) y Lima (HDDS= 10,93). Conclusiones: Las personas con menor nivel educativo, con menores ingresos económicos y residentes en Sullana tenían un Puntaje de Diversidad Dietética del Hogar más bajo.
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate dietary diversity among the inhabitants of the Peruvian provinces of Lima, Arequipa and Sullana during the time of isolation due to COVID-19 and to explore the associated factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study in which electronic questionnaires were applied to respondents between the last week of June and the first week of July 2020. All cities were in quarantine at the time of the study. We assessed dietary diversity using the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS). Information was collected from a total of 672 households, after quality control and prior to statistical analysis, data from 600 households were analyzed: 281 from Lima, 212 from Arequipa and 107 from Sullana, representing 2,570 residents of the three Peruvian cities. Results: The group of cereals had 96.5% of consumption, miscellaneous 77.7%, oils and fats 74.7%, and fish and shellfish 52.3%. Having higher economic income was associated with a significantly higher HDDS compared to those with lower income (p<0.01). The inhabitants of Sullana have the lowest dietary diversity score (HDDS= 7.82), followed by Arequipa (HDDS= 10.19) and Lima (HDDS= 10.93). Conclusions: People with a lower educational level, with lower economic income and residents of Sullana had a lower Household Dietary Diversity Score.
RESUMO
Access to the labor market by graduates of the National University of Moquegua is limited by a wide range of socioeconomic and cultural factors. The study aimed to develop a multivariate model to identify the socioeconomic and cultural factors that influence labor insertion of graduates of the National University of Moquegua, 2019. The type of research according to its purpose was basic and the non-experimental cross-sectional design, with a stratified random sample with proportional allocation with a significance level of 5% and a sampling error of 7%. The data collection technique was the survey and two validated and reliable instruments were applied. The population consisted of 537 graduates, with a sample of 121 graduates from six Professional Schools. The results of the application of logistic regression models indicate that the employment status (Wald = 21.179 and p-value = 0.000), basic electricity services (Wald = 4.567 and p-value = 0.033), the preference for movies (Wald = 6,136 and p-value = 0.013), and the communications media: TV and radio (Wald = 4.962 and p-value = 0.026) significantly influence the labor insertion of graduates of UNAM. It is concluded that both the working condition, electricity services, the preference for movies and communication media like TV and radio significantly influence the labor insertion of graduates of the National University of Moquegua.
RESUMO
The "Espinar" stabilization lagoon is a body of wastewater that is located in the district (region of Puno), which accumulates wastewater that comes from the population of the city of Puno-Peru. The present study was carried out in January and February of 2019 in affluent and effluent wastewater. The measures of pH, water temperature, total suspended solids, electrical conductivity and salinity were evaluated. The results showed that there are significant differences between the data of the affluent and effluent samples during the periods analyzed (Krustal Wallis). The median concentrations values of the effluent for the parameters of temperature (16.60 °C), salinity (0.67 mg/L), pH (7.70), total dissolved solids (669.00 ppm) and electrical conductivity (1463.07 µs/cm), they all show significant differences. Also, the removal efficiency was calculated by the total dissolved solids (TDS) and the positive removal of 7.80% of pollutant load was found. Although these results are within the established limits, the monitoring mechanisms must be established for an adequate control of the parameters evaluated and thus, there won't be a deterioration of the environment surrounding the lagoon.