RESUMO
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, causing 3.32 million deaths in 2019. COPD management has increasingly become a major component of general and hospital practice and has led to a different model of care. Nurse-led interventions have shown beneficial effects on COPD patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes. This systematic review was conducted to identify and assess nurse-led interventions in COPD patients in terms of mental, physical, and clinical status. The review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. The relevance of each manuscript was assessed according to the inclusion criteria, and we retrieved full texts, as required, to reach our conclusions. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Forty-eight articles were included in the analysis, which focused on the management of COPD patients by hospital, respiratory and primary nursing care. Nursing management was shown to be highly effective in improving quality of life, emotional state, and pulmonary and physical capacity in COPD patients. In comparison, hospital and respiratory nurses carried out interventions with higher levels of effectiveness than community nurses.
Assuntos
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Satisfação do Paciente , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/psicologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/terapia , AutocuidadoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the ability of a Spanish translation of the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) to predict hospitalizations and adverse events during triage in hospital emergency departments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective observational study in 2 phases. Phase 1 took place in October and November 2019 and phase 2 in January and February 2020. Phase 1 involved the translation and back translation process to produce an adapted Spanish version of the NEWS2 tool, the piloting of the adapted tool, and training sessions for nurses on how to use the scale. Phase 2 was a validation study of the translated scale for use in Spain. We analyzed its psychometric properties and capacity to predict adverse events and hospital admissions. Adult patients (over the age of 18 years) were recruited consecutively in a hospital emergency department in Spain. RESULTS: We evaluated 523 patients, 81 in phase 1 and 442 in phase 2. The validated Spanish language version of the NEWS2 tool achieved a Cronbach α score of 0.70. The intraclass correlation coefficients for intra- and inter-observer reliability, respectively, were 0.996 (95% CI, 0.995-0.997) and approaching 1 (95% CI, 0.999-1). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.969 (95% CI, 0.938-1) for adverse events and 0.881 (95% CI, 0.819-0.943) for hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The ability of the Spanish version of the NEWS2 scale to predict hospital admissions and adverse events is high when used during hospital emergency department triage.
OBJETIVO: Conocer la capacidad predictiva en términos de ingresos hospitalarios y de aparición de eventos adversos de la escala de alerta temprana National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS-2) en la consulta de triaje de los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH). METODO: Estudio observacional prospectivo dividido en dos fases: Fase I (octubre-noviembre 2019) y Fase II (enero-febrero 2020). En la Fase I se llevó a cabo un proceso de traducción-retrotraducción, se formó al personal de Enfermería en el manejo de la escala NEWS-2 adaptada al español, y se realizó un pilotaje de la escala. En la Fase II se procedió a la validación de la escala analizando sus propiedades psicométricas y predictivas en términos de aparición de eventos adversos e ingresos hospitalarios. Se incluyeron consecutivamente a los usuarios adultos (mayores de 18 años) de un SUH en España. RESULTADOS: Se valoraron 523 pacientes, 81 en la fase I y 442 en la fase II. La versión de la escala NEWS-2 en español obtenida tras el proceso de validación mostró un valor de alfa Cronbach de 0,70. El coeficiente de correlación intraclase para la fiabilidad intra e interobservador fue de 0,996 (IC 95%: 0,995-0,997) y 1 (IC 95%: 0,999-1), respectivamente. El área bajo la curva de la característica operativa del receptor fue de 0,969 (IC 95%: 0,938-1) para eventos adversos y de 0,881 (IC 95%: 0,819-0,943) para ingreso hospitalario. CONCLUSIONES: La escala NEWS-2 tiene alta capacidad predictiva de ingresos hospitalarios y eventos adversos cuando se aplica en la consulta de triaje de los SUH.
Assuntos
Deterioração Clínica , Escore de Alerta Precoce , Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Serviço Hospitalar de EmergênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To assess the predictive power of scores used in hospital emergency departments (EDs) to give early warning of risk for mortality and hospital ward or intensive care unit (ICU) admission. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Observational studies and clinical trials published between January 1, 1950, and June 12, 2020 that used early-warning scores in hospital EDs were included. The main outcomes were mortality (at 24, 48, and more than 72 hours), hospital admission, and ICU admission. RESULTS: Nine studies entered into the systematic review; 4 of them, with 165 580 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The studies were heterogeneous with respect to the scores used. The one used most often was the National Early Warning Score (NEWS). The meta-analysis of studies using the NEWS scale showed that it had good predictive power for mortality: the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic was 0.88 (95%, CI, 0.87-0.89; P .001, I2 = 0%) at 24 hours and 0.86 (0.84-0.88; P .001; I2 = 49.3%) at 48 hours. The AUC for inhospital mortality was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.74-0.80; P .001; I2 = 96.2%). The NEWS score had adequate power for predicting risk of hospital ward and ICU admission. CONCLUSION: Early warning scores used in hospital EDs are able to predict risk of early and in-hospital mortality.
OBJETIVO: Evaluar, en términos de ingreso hospitalario o en unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) y muerte, la capacidad predictiva de las escalas de alerta temprana en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH). METODO: Revisión sistemática y metanálisis. Se consultaron las bases de datos Medline, Embase, Web of Science y Cochrane Library. Se incluyeron estudios observacionales y ensayos clínicos publicados entre e 1 de enero de 1950 y 12 de junio de 2020 en los que se empleara una escala de alerta temprana en los SUH. Las variables de resultados principales fueron mortalidad (24 horas, 48 horas y más de 72 horas) e ingreso hospitalario y en UCI. RESULTADOS: Se seleccionaron 9 estudios en la revisión sistemática, 4 se incluyeron en el metanálisis (165.580 pacientes). Hubo heterogeneidad en las escalas empleadas, siendo la escala NEWS la más utilizada. El uso de la escala NEWS mostró una buena capacidad predictiva para la mortalidad a las 24 horas [AUROC 0,88 (IC 95% 0,87-0,89); p 0,001; I2 = 0%], a las 48 horas [AUROC 0,86 (IC 95% 0,84-0,88); p 0,001; I2 = 49,3%] e intrahospitalaria [AUROC: 0,77 (IC 95% 0,74-0,80); p 0,001; I2 = 96,2%]. Para el ingreso hospitalario y en UCI, NEWS mostró una capacidad predictiva adecuada. CONCLUSIONES: El uso de las escalas de alerta temprana en los SUH muestra una capacidad predictiva buena en términos de mortalidad temprana e intrahospitalaria.
