Cutaneous Mycobacterium haemophilum infection in a kidney transplant recipient after acupuncture treatment.

Mycobacterium haemophilum is a slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium that can cause disease in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. The most common clinical presentations of infection are the appearance of suppurative and ulcerated skin nodules. For the diagnosis, samples collected from suspected cases must be processed under the appropriate conditions, because M. haemophilum requires lower incubation temperatures and iron supplementation in order to grow in culture. In this case report, we describe the occurrence of skin lesions in a kidney transplant recipient, caused by M. haemophilum, associated with acupuncture treatment. The diagnosis was established by direct smear and culture of material aspirated from cutaneous lesions. Species identification was achieved by characterization of the growth requirements and by partial sequencing of the hsp65 gene. The patient was successfully treated with clarithromycin and ciprofloxacin for 12 months. Considering that the number of patients receiving acupuncture treatment is widely increasing, the implications of this potential complication should be recognized, particularly in immunosuppressed patients.

Lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B in renal transplantation.

Antiviral therapies are associated with an increased risk of acute rejection in transplant patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in renal transplant patients. Six patients were included in this study. They received 150 mg/day of lamivudine during a follow-up period of 24 months. The laboratory tests monitored were HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, ALT, gamma-GT, serum creatinine and blood cyclosporine levels. The HBV DNA became undetectable in four patients as early as in the third month of treatment. After six months, the viral load was also negative in the other two patients, and remained so until 18 months of follow-up. The medication was well tolerated with no major side effects. Lamivudine was safe and effective in blocking HBV replication in renal transplant patients without any apparent increase in the risk of graft failure for the 24-month period of study.

Lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B in renal transplantation

Antiviral therapies are associated with an increased risk of acute rejection in transplant patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lamivudine therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in renal transplant patients. Six patients were included in this study. They received 150 mg/day of lamivudine during a follow-up period of 24 months. The laboratory tests monitored were HBV DNA, HBsAg, HBeAg, ALT, gamma-GT, serum creatinine and blood cyclosporine levels. The HBV DNA became undetectable in four patients as early as in the third month of treatment. After six months, the viral load was also negative in the other two patients, and remained so until 18 months of follow-up. The medication was well tolerated with no major side effects. Lamivudine was safe and effective in blocking HBV replication in renal transplant patients without any apparent increase in the risk of graft failure for the 24-month period of study

Causas e prognóstico da insuficiência renal aguda hospitalar em pacientes idosos / Causes and prognosis of hospital acute renal failure in elderly patients

OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as causas e o prognóstico de pacientes idosos (>70 anos de idade) com IRA tratados em nosso Serviço. CASUISTICA E MÉTODOS: Dos 361 pacientes adultos e portadores de IRA, atendidos em nosso serviço no período de janeiro/95 a dezembro/96, acompanhamos 130 pacientes (36 por cento) com idade superior a 70 anos (média de 76,0 ± 4,7 anos, variando de 70 a 94 anos). Destes, 84 (65 por cento) eram do sexo masculino e 66 (51 por cento) estavam no pós-operatório de cirurgias diversas. Os dados foram obtidos através de formulários padronizados usados no Serviço. RESULTADOS: As causas mais freqüentes foram: isquêmicas 48 (38 por cento), sepsis 40 (31 por cento), nefrotóxicas 46 (35 por cento) e obstrutivas 10 (7,7 por cento); em outros 14 (11 por cento) foram diagnosticados mais de um agente causal. IRA nao-oligúrica ocorreu em 81 pacientes (62,8 por cento) e em 50 pacientes (39 por cento) houve necessidade de diálise. A mortalidade na populaçao com idade abaixo de 70 anos foi 43 por cento e nos idosos 53,1 por cento, nao havendo diferença estatística entre os grupos (p=0,085). A mortalidade foi maior (p<0,0001) nos pacientes idosos oligúricos (86 por cento) do que nos idosos nao-oligúricos (32 por cento); maior em casos de IRA cirúrgica (66,7 por cento) do que em IRA de origem médica (41,8 por cento), e em pacientes internados em UTI (69 por cento) do que nos internados em enfermaria (17 por cento). O número de óbitos também foi maior (p<0,0001) no grupo que necessitou de diálise (84 por cento) do que nos nao dialisados (33 por cento). CONCLUSAO: Concluímos que o percentual de pacientes idosos com IRA é elevado; apresentaram mortalidade ao redor de 50 por cento, nao superior ao observado na populaçao mais jovem; oligúria, cirurgia, necessidade de tratamento em UTI e necessidade de diálise foram fatores de prognóstico desfavorável nesta casuística