Determination of the minimum alveolar concentration of sevoflurane in Holstein steers.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in Holstein steers using electric stimulation. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. ANIMALS: A total of 15 Holstein steers aged 7.3 ± 1.2 months and weighing 121 ± 25 kg. METHODS: Animals were anesthetized with sevoflurane at 8% in oxygen at 5 L minute-1 via facemask and were intubated with an orotracheal tube of a compatible size. After 15 minutes of stabilization of the initial expired concentration of sevoflurane (Fe'Sevo) at 2.6%, electrical stimulation on the thoracic limb was initiated with a sequence of 2 × 10 ms followed by 2 × 3 second electrical currents of 50 V and 50 Hz, 5 seconds apart. Following each stimulus with a negative response, the Fe'Sevo was decreased by 0.2% and a 15 minute interval was awaited before the next stimulus. The procedure was repeated until the first Fe'Sevo value with a positive motor response was obtained. The Fe'Sevo was then increased by 0.1%, followed by a new stimulus, until a negative response was obtained. The value of MAC was calculated as the arithmetic mean between the lowest Fe'Sevo associated with a negative motor response and the highest Fe'Sevo associated with a positive response. RESULTS: The mean MAC for the 15 steers was 2.0 ± 0.3%, which corresponds to 2.1 ± 0.3% at sea level. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the proposed methodology, the MAC of sevoflurane for healthy Holstein steers is 2.1 ± 0.3% at sea level. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This Fe'Sevo value can be used to guide depth of anesthesia in steers weighing approximately 120 kg in clinical practice.

Effect of season and genotype on values for bull semen variables under tropical conditions.

To assess the effects of season and genotype on fresh semen quality for freezing and subsequent use for AI, 32 healthy, mature (>4 to <6 years old) and habituated bulls (Bos indicus n = 14, Bos taurus n = 5, Crossbred taurus x indicus n = 6, and tropically adapted Bos taurus composites n = 7) were evaluated at a Venezuelan AI center for 12 months in which four distinct seasons (Hot-dry, Transition, Hot-humid, Cool-rainy) occur. Ejaculates were collected weekly from Bos taurus (n = 260), Bos indicus (n = 669), tropically adapted Bos taurus composites (n = 389), and crossbred Bos taurus x Bos indicus (n = 340) bulls. Routine AI Center assessments were conducted i.e., ejaculate volume (EV), sperm mass-motility (MM), total sperm number/ejaculate (TSE), sperm concentration/mL (SC), pre-freezing (PREF), and post-freezing minimum criteria rate for AI use (POSTF). Genotype affected EV (P < 0.0001), TSE (P < 0.0001), and SC (P < 0.0001) but not MM (P>0.05). Season affected EV (P < 0.001), TSE (P < 0.0001), SC (P < 0.01), and MM (P < 0.05). There were genotype x season interactions for EV, MM, TSE, and SC. The PREF averaged 74.0% during the study, although was less (P < 0.0001) during the hot-humid season than the other seasons. Even though, percent ejaculates considered unsuitable for freezing differed (P < 0.03) among the Hot-dry (20.2%), transition (30.9%), Hot-humid (32.4%), and Cool-rainy (24%) seasons. For POSTF, there were no seasonal differences (P>0.05). It is concluded that in tropical regions, season and genotype can affect bull semen variables, particularly those which affect the success of semen freezing and AI.

Experimental poisoning by Vernonia rubricaulis in sheep.

In order to evaluate the susceptibility of sheep to V. rubricaulis and to establish the clinical signs, serum biochemistry, and pathological findings, eight sheep were fed varying doses of V. rubricaulis. The onset of clinical signs occurred 6-48 h after the ingestion of V. rubricaulis. Clinical courses lasted 6-56 h after the ingestion of the plant. Serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase were highly elevated and glucose blood levels were low in affected sheep. Clinical signs consisted of apathy, anorexia, dry muzzle, respiratory distress, abdominal pain, and mushy feces with streaks of blood and mucus. Two sheep had neurological signs including muscle fasciculation, nystagmus, paddling movements, and blindness. Liver necrosis could be detected antemortem through liver biopsy. Five sheep died and three recovered. The liver was affected in all necropsied sheep; it increased in volume and had marked accentuation of the lobular pattern with red, depressed areas intercalated with a pale yellow network. Ascites and hydropericardium were consistent findings. Microscopically, centrilobular to massive coagulative necrosis was observed. Coagulative necrosis was also observed in a few proximal renal tubules. Microscopic lesions were not found in any other organs. The severity of liver lesions was proportional to the dose. Chemical analysis to detect carboxyatractyloside in V. rubricaulis plant material was negative. It is concluded that V. rubricaulis poisoning in sheep is clinically, biochemically, and pathologically characteristic of an acute hepatoxicosis.

Cardiopulmonary effects of reverse Trendelenburg position at 5° and 10° in sevoflurane-anesthetized steers.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cardiopulmonary effects caused by reverse Trendelenburg position (RTP) at 5° and 10° in sevoflurane-anesthetized yearling steers. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, experimental study. ANIMALS: Eight Holstein steers aged (mean ± standard deviation) 12 ± 2 months and weighing 145 ± 26 kg. METHODS: In the first phase of the study, the individual minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane was determined using electrical stimulation. In the second phase, the effects of RTP were assessed. The animals were anesthetized on three separate events separated by ≥7 days in an incomplete crossover design: control treatment using a table without tilt (RTP0); treatment with the table at 5° RTP (RTP5) and table tilted 10° RTP (RTP10). Subjects were physically restrained in dorsal recumbency on the table, which was already tilted according to each treatment. Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane at 8% in 5 L minute-1 oxygen via face mask followed by maintenance with sevoflurane at 1.3 MAC and spontaneous breathing. Cardiopulmonary variables were obtained immediately after instrumentation (T0) and then after 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes (T30, T60, T120 and T180, respectively). RESULTS: The mean sevoflurane MAC for the eight steers was 2.12 ± 0.31%. Cardiac output was lower at all time points and the systemic vascular resistance index was higher at T120 and T180 in RTP10 compared with RTP0. Oxygen consumption was lower at T0 and at T180 in RTP10 compared with RTP0 and at all time points except T30 compared with RTP5. Oxygen extraction was lower at T0 in RTP10 compared with RTP0 and RTP5, and at T60 and T180 compared with RTP5. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: RTP 5° and 10° did not improve ventilatory and oxygenation variables in sevoflurane-anesthetized steers when compared with no tilt, however the cardiovascular variables were adversely affected in RTP10.

Ingestion of the pods of Enterolobium contortisiliquum causes hepatogenous photosensitization in cattle.

Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Leg. Mimosoidae) is reported as a poisonous plant related to photosensitization and photodermatitis, digestive disturbs and abortion. To date, the clinical and pathological features of photosensitization has not been reproduced or only reproduced associated with very mild presentations. The objective of this study was to reproduce in cattle the clinicopathological features of photosensitization associated with the ingestion of the pods of E. contortisiliquum. The pods were harvested from a property with a history of an ongoing outbreak of photosensitization and abortion in cattle. Six 24-month-old steers were cannulated and used in the experiment, two of them served as negative controls. E. contortisiliquum pods were administered to four steers through ruminal cannula. In the first phase of the experiment, daily doses of 30 g/kg/body weight (bw) and 20 g/kg/bw were administered to Bovines 1 and 2 respectively, for three consecutive days. In the second phase, starting four days after the last daily feeding of the pods, these two bovines were challenged with the same doses of the pods for three consecutive days and another two steers (Bovines 3 and 4) were fed 15 g/kg/bw each for three consecutive days. In the two phases, the steers developed signs compatible with ruminal acidosis which were more severe during the second phase. Three and five days after the administration of the pods, two steers presented photodermatitis characterized by hyperemia and edema on the skin of the dorsum of the neck, of the shaved skin around the cannula, of muzzle and ear. Lesions evolved to dermal necrosis with sloughing and subsequent scar retraction and dermal thickening. Ulceration of mucosae exposed to sunlight was also observed. All the steers which received the pods had significant elevations in the serum activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The levels of GGT and AST remained elevated for up to 12 days after the administration of the pods was discontinued. Histopathological hepatic changes detected by liver biopsies were hepatocellular swelling and randomly scattered individual hepatocellular necrosis. The current study presents solid experimental evidence that the ingestion of E. contortisiliquum definitely induces the classical lesions of hepatogenous photosensitization in cattle.

Enterolobium contortisiliquum is a cause of acute ruminal acidosis in sheep.

The ingestion of pods of Enterolobium contortisiliquum is associated with digestive disturbances, photosensitivity and abortion in domestic ruminants. This experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that digestive disturbances in this toxicosis are really caused by acute ruminal acidosis. Three sheep fed large doses (10-15 g/kg/body weight [bw]) of E. contortisiliquum pods developed ruminal acidosis and were treated with sodium bicarbonate to try to control this metabolic disturbance, thus providing additional evidence of the involvement of ruminal acidosis in the pathogenesis of toxicosis. Two of the sheep died, and one recovered after treatment. In the two sheep that developed severe signs of ruminal acidosis, the values of blood lactate were 18 mg/dL and 196.88 mg/dL, indicating metabolic acidosis as the cause of death. Additionally, four sheep developed elevated serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase, indicating that the pods had hepatotoxic effects. Necropsy findings included the accentuation of the hepatic lobular pattern and multiple focally extensive red areas in the rumen mucosa and on the surface of the liver. Repeated ingestion of small doses induced tolerance but did not induce cumulative effects. Histopathologically, the epithelial mucosa of the rumen and reticulum exhibited swollen and vacuolated epithelia with intraepithelial pustules. Focal ulceration of the mucosa was also observed. Multifocal vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and scattered individual hepatocellular necrosis were evident in the liver. We concluded that the main clinical manifestation of intoxication by E. contortisiliquum pods in sheep was acute ruminal lactic acidosis and metabolic acidosis. Ingestion of repeated sublethal doses could stimulate proliferation of the ruminal fauna that degrades the sugar present in the pods, and thereby prevent the occurrence of ruminal acidosis. The plant is also hepatotoxic, and no abortions were observed.

Comparison of lidocaine, levobupivacaine or ropivacaine for distal paravertebral thoracolumbar anesthesia in ewes.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of lidocaine, levobupivacaine, or ropivacaine on the onset time and duration of anesthesia of the flank of ewes, using the distal paravertebral thoracolumbar approach. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized experimental study. ANIMALS: Twenty-six healthy mixed-breed ewes (46 ± 3.1 kg). METHODS: Thoracolumbar paravertebral nerve blocks were performed using the distal approach in sheep for ruminal fistulation. The 13th thoracic (T13), first lumbar (L1) and second lumbar (L2) nerves were infiltrated with 2% lidocaine (group GLI, n = 9), 0.5% levobupivacaine (group GLE, n = 8) or 0.5% ropivacaine (group GRO, n = 9); 1.5 mL on the dorsal branch and 2.5 mL on the ventral branch, total volume of 12 mL per ewe. Anesthesia onset time and duration were assessed by application of superficial and deep pin pricks, and skin clamping with a hemostat. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature and systemic arterial pressures were recorded prior to nerve block (T0), after the anesthetic agent injection and onset time (T1) and predetermined time points during the surgical procedure (T2-T6). RESULTS: Incomplete nerve blocks were present in five of the 26 ewes enrolled in the study and they were not included in the statistical analyzes. Onset times in GLI, GLE and GRO were 1.5 ± 0.5, 3.1 ± 1.5 and 2.1 ± 0.8 minutes, respectively, with GLE significantly longer than GLI. The durations of anesthesia for GLI, GLE and GRO were 80 ± 27, 649 ± 68 and 590 ± 40 minutes, respectively, with the duration of GLI significantly shorter than GLE and GRO. There were no clinically important changes in cardiopulmonary variables. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Administration of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine at the distal paravertebral site to block nerves T13, L1 and L2 produced a longer duration of anesthesia of the ewe's flanks compared with lidocaine.

Evaluation of cardiopulmonary parameters and recovery from anesthesia in cougars (Puma concolor) anesthetized with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane / Avaliação de parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e recuperação da anestesia em pumas (Puma concolor) anestesiados com detomidina/cetamina e isoflurano ou sevoflurano

The aim of this study was to assess the cardiopulmonary effects, the onset time after the administration of a detomidine/ketamine combination, and the recovery from anesthesia of cougars (Puma concolor) anesthetized with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane for abdominal ultrasound imaging. Fourteen animals were randomly allocated into two experimental groups: GISO (n=7) and GSEVO (n=7). Chemical restraint was performed using 0.15mg/kg detomidine combined with 5mg/kg ketamine intramuscularly; anesthesia induction was achieved using 2mg/kg propofol intravenously and maintenance with isoflurane (GISO) or sevoflurane (GSEVO). The following parameters were assessed: heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure, oxyhemoglobin saturation, rectal temperature, central venous pressure, and end-tidal carbon dioxide. The time to sternal recumbency (TSR) and time to standing position (TSP) were also determined. There was not statistically significant difference for the cardiopulmonary variables or TSP whereas TSR was significantly shorter in GSEVO. The time to onset of anesthesia was 11.1±1.2 minutes and 11.3±1.8 minutes for GISO and GSEVO, respectively. The anesthesia of cougars with detomidine/ketamine and isoflurane or sevoflurane was conducted with safety, cardiopulmonary stability, and increased time to sternal recumbency in the GISO group.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e a recuperação anestésica de onças-pardas (Puma concolor) submetidas à anestesia com detomidina/cetamina e isofluorano ou sevofluorano para avaliação ultrassonográfica abdominal. Para isso, foram utilizados 14 animais divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais GISO (n=7) e GSEVO (n=7). Foram submetidos à contenção química com detomidina 0,15mg/kg associada à cetamina 5mg/kg pela via intramuscular, induzidos com propofol 2mg/kg pela via intravenosa e mantidos com isofluorano (GISO) ou sevofluorano. Foram avaliados os parâmetros: frequência cardíaca e respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica, média e diastólica saturação de oxihemoglobina, temperatura retal, pressão venosa central e fração expirada de dióxido de carbono. O tempo para adoção de decúbito esternal e posição quadrupedal também foram avaliados. Não houve diferença estatística para as variáveis cardiorrespiratórias e no tempo para adoção da posição quadrupedal. O tempo para adoção de decúbito esternal foi significativamente menor no GSEVO em relação ao GISO. Concluiu-se que a anestesia de onças pardas com detomidina/cetamina e isoflurano ou sevoflurano foi realizada de maneira segura, com estabilidade cardiorrespiratória e com aumento no tempo para adoção de decúbito esternal no GISO.

Continuous infusion of propofol in calves: bispectral index and hemodynamic effects.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the bispectral index (BIS) and the hemodynamic effects of propofol administered by continuous infusion at different rates in calves. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental crossover study. ANIMALS: Eight intact male Dutch calves, aged 6-12 months and weighing 84-124 kg. METHODS: The calves were anesthetized with propofol (5 mg kg(-1) ) intravenously (IV), and after endotracheal intubation, positioned in right lateral recumbency and allowed to breathe ambient air. Anesthesia was maintained by continuous infusion of propofol, administered IV with an infusion pump at 0.6 mg kg(-1)  minute(-1) (treatment G6) or 0.8 mg kg(-1)  minute(-1) IV (treatment G8), for 60 minutes. The eight animals were anesthetized twice, 1 week apart. The following hemodynamic variables and BIS were assessed before the induction of anesthesia (baseline) and 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after beginning the infusion of propofol: heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures, cardiac output, mean pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac index, stroke index, pulmonary vascular resistance index, and systemic vascular resistance index, BIS, electromyography, and signal quality index. RESULTS: The continuous infusions of propofol at different rates did not alter BIS variables during the infusion time between dose rates, and no clinically significant hemodynamic changes were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A continuous infusion of propofol at 0.6 or 0.8 mg kg(-1)  minute(-1) caused minimal hemodynamic changes without clinical relevance in calves. BIS could not be reliably used to discriminate the anesthetic depth during the two propofol infusion rates.

Avaliação da vitalidade de cordeiros nascidos de partos eutócicos e cesarianas / Evaluation of vitality in lambs born by normal delivery and cesarean section

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a vitalidade de cordeiros nascidos de parto normal e de cesariana, ao longo das primeiras 48 horas de vida, por meio da pontuação no escore Apgar, do seu comportamento e da aferição dos parâmetros vitais. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos, sendo o primeiro constituído por cordeiros nascidos de parto normal (NORMAL) e os outros dois de cesarianas, porém com dois protocolos anestésicos diferentes, ou seja, por meio de anestesias inalatória (INAL) e total intravenosa (ATI). Os animais do grupo NORMAL obtiveram pontuação maior no escore Apgar. Ao nascimento e aos 15 minutos, 93,75% dos cordeiros do grupo NORMAL obtiveram pontuação máxima (7-8), enquanto que nenhum dos animais nascidos de cesarianas atingiu essa pontuação, ao nascimento. Aos 15 minutos, 25,00% dos animais do grupo INAL recebeu a mesma soma de pontos. A frequência cardíaca permaneceu praticamente inalterada para ambos os grupos, com tendência à diminuição dos valores, às 24 horas, para animais do grupo ATI. A frequência respiratória (FR) ao nascimento foi significativamente menor nos animais nascidos de cesarianas (26±25mpm, INAL; 5±5mpm, ATI), encontrando-se, porém, próxima aos valores dos animais do grupo NORMAL, aos 60 minutos. Constatou-se tendência à diminuição nos valores de temperatura até os 15 minutos de vida em todos os grupos, prolongando-se, até os 60 minutos, nos animais pertencentes ao grupo ATI. Os animais nascidos de cesarianas possuem vitalidade inferior aos nascidos de partos normais.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate vitality of lambs born by normal delivery and cesarean section, during 48 hours of life, by means of APGAR score, behavior and vital parameters. The first group was formed with lambs born by normal delivery (NORMAL) and the other two groups were formed with lambs born by cesarean sections, but with two different anesthetic protocols, one used inhalation anesthesia (INAL) and the other total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Lambs in the NORMAL group obtained higher pontuation in Apgar score. At birth and 15 minutes, 93.75% of lambs NORMAL group obtained maximum score (7-8), while no lambs born by cesarean section obtained this score at birth. At 15 minutes, 25.00% of the lambs INAL group received the same score. The heart rate remained virtually unchanged for both groups, with a tendency to decrease values, at 24 hours for group TIVA animals. The respiratory rate at birth for the animals delivered by cesarean section (26±25 bpm, INAL; 5±5 bpm, TIVA) was significantly lower than for the ones of the normal delivery. Nevertheless, that value at 60 minutes was found quite close. A tendency for decreasing temperature values was verified until the 15 minutes in all groups, lasting until 60 minutes in animals in the TIVA group. Lambs born by c-section have lower vitality than lambs born by normal delivery.(AU)

Cardiovascular effects of a continuous rate infusion of lidocaine in calves anesthetized with xylazine, midazolam, ketamine and isoflurane.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the cardiovascular changes of a continuous rate infusion of lidocaine in calves anesthetized with xylazine, midazolam, ketamine and isoflurane during mechanical ventilation. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, cross-over, experimental trial. ANIMALS: A total of eight, healthy, male Holstein calves, aged 10 ± 1 months and weighing 114 ± 11 kg were included in the study. METHODS: Calves were administered xylazine followed by ketamine and midazolam, orotracheal intubation and maintenance on isoflurane (1.3%) using mechanical ventilation. Forty minutes after induction, lidocaine (2 mg kg⁻¹ bolus) or an equivalent volume of saline (0.9%) was administered IV followed by a continuous rate infusion (100 µg kg⁻¹ minute⁻¹) of lidocaine (treatment L) or saline (treatment C). Heart rate (HR), systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures (SAP, DAP and MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (PAOP), cardiac output, end-tidal carbon dioxide (Pe'CO2 ) and core temperature (CT) were recorded before lidocaine or saline administration (Baseline) and at 20-minute intervals (T20-T80). Plasma concentrations of lidocaine were measured in treatment L. RESULTS: The HR was significantly lower in treatment L compared with treatment C. There was no difference between the treatments with regards to SAP, DAP, MAP and SVRI. CI was significantly lower at T60 in treatment L when compared with treatment C. PAOP and CVP increased significantly at all times compared with Baseline in treatment L. There was no significant difference between times within each treatment and between treatments with regards to other measured variables. Plasma concentrations of lidocaine ranged from 1.85 to 2.06 µg mL⁻¹ during the CRI. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: At the studied rate, lidocaine causes a decrease in heart rate which is unlikely to be of clinical significance in healthy animals, but could be a concern in compromised animals.

Cardiopulmonary and analgesic effects of caudal epidurally administered ropivacaine in cattle.

OBJECTIVE: To assess cardiopulmonary and analgesic effects after administration of ropivacaine into the caudal epidural space of cattle. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, single-dose trial. ANIMALS: Eight healthy mixed breed cows aged 8 ± 5 years and weighing 507 ± 112 kg. METHODS: Caudal epidural anesthesia was produced in cows with 0.75% ropivacaine (0.11 mg kg(-1)). Onset time, duration and cranial spread of analgesia were recorded. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f(R)), rectal temperature (RT), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured prior to epidural administration (T(0) ) and at 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 minutes after epidural administration (T(15), T(30), T(60) , T(120) , T(180) and T(240) ). Arterial blood acid-base balance (pH, standard bicarbonate and base excess), gas tension (PaO(2), PaCO(2), SaO(2)) and electrolytes (Na(+), K(+), iCa(2+),Cl(-)) were recorded at T(0), T(30), T(60), T(120), T(180) and T(240). Ataxia was evaluated at T(0), T(30), T(60), T(120), T(180) and T(240) and at 1 hour intervals thereafter until analgesia was no longer present in each animal. RESULTS: Epidurally administered ropivacaine induced variable analgesia extending bilaterally from the coccyx to S3. Time to onset of analgesia and mean duration in the perineal area were 15 ± 4 and 359 ± 90 minutes, respectively. Respiratory rate and RT increased from T(120) to T(240) when compared to the value at T(0) . Ionized calcium and chloride concentrations increased at T(180) and T(240) when compared to T(0). The other variables were not significantly different from baseline values (p > 0.05). Four animals were mildly ataxic. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ropivacaine (0.75%, 0.11 mg kg(-1)) can be administered by caudal epidural injection to produce prolonged bilateral perineal analgesia with minimal ataxia and cardiopulmonary changes in standing cattle.

Correlação entre os métodos de concepção, ocorrência e formas de tratamento das onfalopatias em bovinos: estudo retrospectivo / Correlation between conception methods, occurrence, and type o treatment of the umbilical diseases in cattle: a retrospective study

Alguns problemas têm sido observados nos bezerros produtos da técnica fertilização in vitro, dentre esses a elevada casuística de onfalopatias. A partir dessa observação, objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar um estudo retrospectivo da correlação entre os métodos de concepção e a ocorrência de onfalopatias em bovinos e descrever os resultados obtidos a partir dos tratamentos conservativo e cirúrgico. Foram utilizados 44 bovinos atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Unesp, Campus de Araçatuba, com idade variando de um dia a 12 meses entre os anos de 2003 e 2007. Desses bovinos 27 eram provenientes de fertilização in vitro (FIV), 12 de inseminação artificial (IA), dois de monta natural (MN) e três de transferência de embriões (TE). O diagnóstico clínico-cirúrgico revelou que todos apresentavam afecções umbilicais, sendo 22 casos de persistência de úraco, oito de onfaloflebite, oito de hérnias umbilicais, cinco de onfalites e um de fibrose umbilical. Inicialmente e no pós-operatório administrou-se em todos os animais, uma vez ao dia, durante dez dias, 3mg/kg de ceftiofur sódico pela via intravenosa (IV). Nos casos de infecção grave ou irresponsiva a terapia antimicrobiana inicial, acrescentou-se 6,6mg/kg, durante sete dias de sulfato de gentamicina IV. A antissepsia do umbigo, com tintura de iodo a 2 por cento, foi instituída duas vezes ao dia, nos casos tratados conservativamente, enquanto que os bovinos submetidos à cirurgia receberam 1,1mg/kg de flunixin meglumine IV, uma vez ao dia, por cinco dias consecutivos. Dos 22 animais diagnosticados com persistência de úraco, 10 apresentavam drenagem de urina pelo umbigo e receberam 2mL de tintura de iodo 10 por cento no interior do úraco, sendo 15 tratados com a excisão cirúrgica, especialmente, devido à formação de divertículo vésico-uracal. Todos os animais que apresentavam onfaloflebite e hérnia umbilical foram submetidos à cirurgia...

Some problems have been observed in bovine products of the in vitro fertilization technical, among these, the high umbilical diseases casuistry. From this observation, the aim of this work was to accomplish a retrospective study of the correlation between the conception methods and the occurrence of umbilical diseases in bovines and describe the results obtained from the conservative and surgical treatments. For this 44 animals attended at Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Unesp Araçatuba, with age varying from one day to 12 months among the years of 2003 and 2007 were used, twenty seven were from in vitro fertilization (IVF), twelve were from artificial insemination (AI), two were from natural mounts and three were from embryo transfer. The clinical-surgical diagnosis of the animals revealed that all of them presented umbilical disorders, being 22 cases of urachus patent, eight omphalophlebitis, eight umbilical hernia, five omphalitis and one umbilical fibrosis. Before and at the postoperative period was administered in all animals once a day for ten days 3mg/kg of ceftiofur sodium IV. In cases of serious infection or lack of response of the initial antimicrobial therapy a complementary treatment during seven days with 6.6 mg/kg of gentamicin sulfate IV was carried out. The antisepsis of the umbilicus with tincture of iodine to 2 percent was carried out twice daily in cases treated clinically, with out surgery, while the animals underwent surgery received 1.1mg/kg of flunixin meglumine IV once daily for five consecutive days.Among the 22 animals diagnosed with urachus patent, 10 had urine drainage from the umbilicus and received 2mL of 10 percent tincture of iodine in the urachus, and 15 was treated with surgical excision, due to formation of diverticulum from the blader to urachus. All animals that were affected with omphalophlebitis and umbilical hernia were submitted to surgery...