Polycystin-1 mitigates damage and regulates CTGF expression through AKT activation during cardiac ischemia/reperfusion.

During ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), cardiomyocytes activate pathways that regulate cell survival and death and release factors that modulate fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. The mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. Polycystin-1 (PC1) is a mechanosensor crucial for cardiac function. This work aims to assess the role of PC1 in cardiomyocyte survival, its role in profibrotic factor expression in cardiomyocytes, and its paracrine effects on I/R-induced cardiac fibroblast function. In vivo and ex vivo I/R and simulated in vitro I/R (sI/R) were induced in wild-type and PC1-knockout (PC1 KO) mice and PC1-knockdown (siPC1) neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM), respectively. Neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCF) were stimulated with conditioned medium (CM) derived from NRVM or siPC1-NRVM supernatant after reperfusion and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation evaluated. Infarcts were larger in PC1-KO mice subjected to in vivo and ex vivo I/R, and necrosis rates were higher in siPC1-NRVM than control after sI/R. PC1 activated the pro-survival AKT protein during sI/R and induced PC1-AKT-pathway-dependent CTGF expression. Furthermore, conditioned media from sI/R-NRVM induced PC1-dependent fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation in NRCF. This novel evidence shows that PC1 mitigates cardiac damage during I/R, likely through AKT activation, and regulates CTGF expression in cardiomyocytes via AKT. Moreover, PC1-NRVM regulates fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation during sI/R. PC1, therefore, may emerge as a new key regulator of I/R injury-induced cardiac remodeling.

¿Qué significa estudiar terapia ocupacional? La perspectiva de estudiantes de la Universidad de Chile / What does studying occupational therapy means? The perspective of students of the University of Chile

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la percepción atribuida a estudiar Terapia Ocupacional según los estudiantes de la Universidad de Chile. La investigación es de tipo cualitativa fenomenológica, pues se pretende estudiar la dimensión subjetiva de un fenómeno en particular denominado "estudiar Terapia Ocupacional". Para recolectar los datos, se realiza una entrevista semiestructurada abierta. El análisis de los datos se inicia con la categorización de acuerdo a las dimensiones significado, sentido y propósito que se describe en el marco de referencia, y las subcategorías y códigos a partir de los relatos.En los resultados se observa que en la categoría significado, la opinión externa hace referencia a "estudiar Terapia Ocupacional" y a "estudiar en una universidad" en sí, encontrando principalmente desconocimiento y percepción positiva hacia la carrera. En la dimensión sentido se identifican factores que otorgan valor positivo y/o negativo que influyen en la autoeficacia, la importancia, la motivación, el interés y el disfrute, destacándose entre ellos, el enfoque biopsicosocial y el trabajo directo con las personas. Finalmente en el propósito se identifican metas y utilidades, tanto personales como profesionales.Dichos resultados, promueven la reflexión en torno a la visión que se tiene de la carrera y valoración de los estudios profesionales.

The main goal of this work is to analyze the attributed perception of studying occupational therapy according to the students of University of Chile. A qualitative and phenomenological methodology was used, as this investigation tries to study the subjective dimension of a particular phenomenon, such as studying Occupational Therapy. Data recollection was made with open-semistructured interviews. Data analysis initiated with a previous categorization according to meaning, sense and purpose, as described in the AOTA's framework; subcategories and codes were included from the interviews. Results show that in the Meaning category, external opinion makes reference to "studying occupational therapy" and "studying in a university", mainly finding ignorance and a positive perception of the career. At the sense dimension, factors that give positive and/or negative values that influence self-efficacy, importance, motivation, interest and enjoyment are identified; these factors included the biopsychosocial approach and working with people. Finally, in the purpose dimension, goals and utilities are identified, both in a personal and professional aspects.These results prompt reflection around the perception of the career and the value given to professional studies.

Increasing the effective energy barrier promoted by the change of a counteranion in a Zn-Dy-Zn SMM: slow relaxation via the second excited state.

The trinuclear complex [ZnCl(µ-L)Dy(µ-L)ClZn]PF6 exhibits a single-molecule magnetic behaviour under zero field with a relatively large effective energy barrier of 186 cm(-1). Ab initio calculations reveal that the relaxation of the magnetization is symmetry-driven (the Dy(III) ion possesses a C2 symmetry) and occurs via the second excited state.

First evidence of light-induced spin transition in molybdenum(IV).

Photo-induced spin transition in a molybdenum-zinc complex has been evidenced and fully characterized by Squid magnetometry and several spectroscopies performed under irradiation (IR, EPR, etc.). The phenomenon has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and DFT calculations yielding a Light-Induced Excited Spin State Trapping Effect (LIESST) on a 4d transition metal ion.

Psiquiatría forense / Forensic psychiatry

El presente artículo describe el campo de acción de la psiquiatría forense y sus áreas de relación con el derecho penal y civil chileno. Se ilustran con ejemplos clínicos las situaciones más frecuentes del trabajo pericial y se señalan aquellas áreas aún carentes de desarrollo suficiente

Reactivity of ozone towards micelle incorporated unsaturated compounds.

Incorporation of reactive substrates (i.e., lipids) to membranes could protect them towards ozone mediated chain oxidation processes. We have measured the effect of incorporation of unsaturated compounds (stilbene or alkyl methacrylate) in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles on their reactivity towards ozone. It is found that incorporation of substrate in the micellar pseudophase barely modifies their reactivity towards ozone. The same conclusion is reached when stilbene is incorporated to di-octadecyl-dimethylammonium chloride vesicles. These results would indicate that incorporation of a reactive olefinic compound to a lipidic microphase does not provide "per se" an efficient protection towards its attack by ozone.