RESUMO
The lymphocyte-specific kinase (Lck) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase of the Src family expressed in T cells and NK cells. Genetic evidence in both mice and humans demonstrates that Lck kinase activity is critical for signaling mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR), which leads to normal T cell development and activation. A small molecule inhibitor of Lck is expected to be useful in the treatment of T cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and/or organ transplant rejection. In this paper, we describe the synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological characterization of 2-aminopyrimidine carbamates, a new class of compounds with potent and selective inhibition of Lck. The most promising compound of this series, 2,6-dimethylphenyl 2-((3,5-bis(methyloxy)-4-((3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl)oxy)phenyl)amino)-4-pyrimidinyl(2,4-bis(methyloxy)phenyl)carbamate (43) exhibits good activity when evaluated in in vitro assays and in an in vivo model of T cell activation.
Assuntos
Aminopiridinas/síntese química , Anti-Inflamatórios/síntese química , Carbamatos/síntese química , Proteína Tirosina Quinase p56(lck) Linfócito-Específica/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Administração Oral , Aminopiridinas/química , Aminopiridinas/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Disponibilidade Biológica , Carbamatos/química , Carbamatos/farmacologia , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Células Jurkat , Ativação Linfocitária , Teste de Cultura Mista de Linfócitos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
Neurotrophic activity of neuroimmunophilin ligands (FK506 and its nonimmunosuppressant derivatives) has been assumed to be mediated by the FK506-binding protein-12 (FKBP-12). We recently showed that activity is retained in hippocampal neurons from FKBP-12 knockout mice, indicating that binding to FKBP-12 is not necessary. Here we show that three nonimmunosuppressant FK506 derivatives (V-13,450, V-13,629, and V-13,670) that do not bind FKBP-12 (>12.5 mM affinity) are equipotent to FKBP-12 ligands (FK506, V-10,367, and V-13,449) for increasing neurite elongation in SH-SY5Y cells. One non-FKBP-12 ligand (V-13,670) is also shown to accelerate functional recovery and nerve regeneration in the rat sciatic nerve crush model. Surprisingly, it exhibited an unusual dose-response effect upon oral administration, showing a novel bimodal dose-response for behavioral functional recovery and myelination, but not for axonal size, suggesting both Schwann cell and neuronal targets. Orally active non-FKBP-12 neuroimmunophilin ligands may be useful for the treatment of human neurological disorders without any potential side effects resulting from FKBP-12 binding.
