Developing a triple helix approach for CO2 utilisation assessment.

Assessment of the sustainability of CO2 utilisation technologies should encompass economic, environmental and social aspects. Though guidelines for economic and environmental assessment of CO2 utilisation (CDU) have been presented, a methodology for social assessment of CDU has not. Herewith, social impact assessment for CDU is systematically investigated, a methodological framework derived and examples of application given. Both process and deployment scenarios are found to be key factors in the assessment and the sourcing of raw material is observed to be a hotspot for social impacts within the assessed CDU technologies. This framework contributes a new aspect to the development of holistic sustainability assessment methodologies for CDU by enabling a triple helix to be created between life cycle assessment (LCA), techno-economic assessment (TEA) and social impact assessment (SIA). Therefore, the triple helix approach will enable trade-offs between environmental, economic and social impacts to be explored, ultimately enhancing effective decision making for CDU development and deployment.

Analytical Review of Life-Cycle Environmental Impacts of Carbon Capture and Utilization Technologies.

Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) has been proposed as a sustainable alternative to produce valuable chemicals by reducing the global warming impact and depletion of fossil resources. To guarantee that CCU processes have environmental advantages over conventional production processes, thorough and systematic environmental impact analyses must be performed. Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a robust methodology that can be used to fulfil this aim. In this context, this article aims to review the life-cycle environmental impacts of several CCU processes, focusing on the production of methanol, methane, dimethyl ether, dimethyl carbonate, propane and propene. A systematic literature review is used to collect relevant published evidence of the environmental impacts and potential benefits. An analysis of such information shows that CCU generally provides a reduction of environmental impacts, notably global warming/climate change, compared to conventional manufacturing processes of the same product. To achieve such environmental improvements, renewable energy must be used, particularly to produce hydrogen from water electrolysis. Importantly, different methodological choices are identified that are being used in the LCA studies, making results not comparable. There is a clear need to harmonize LCA methods for the analyses of CCU systems, and more importantly, to document and justify such methodological choices in the LCA report.

Phase 1b study of anti-NaPi2b antibody-drug conjugate lifastuzumab vedotin (DNIB0600A) in patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the safety and tolerability of lifastuzumab vedotin (DNIB0600A) (LIFA), an antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (PSOC). METHODS: In this open-label, multicenter phase 1b study, LIFA was administered intravenously once every 3 weeks (Q3W) with starting dose 1.2 mg/kg in a 3 + 3 dose-escalation scheme. All patients received carboplatin at dose AUC 6 mg/mL·min (AUC6) Q3W for up to 6 cycles. Dose expansion cohorts were enrolled ± bevacizumab 15 mg/kg Q3W. RESULTS: Patients received LIFA at 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 mg (n = 4, 5, and 20, respectively) with carboplatin. The maximum tolerated dose was not reached. The recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) was LIFA 2.4 mg/kg + carboplatin AUC6 (cycles 1-6), with or without bevacizumab 15 mg/kg. Twelve patients received RP2D with bevacizumab. All patients experienced ≥1 adverse event (AE). The most common treatment-related AEs were neutropenia, peripheral neuropathy, thrombocytopenia, nausea, fatigue, anemia, diarrhea, vomiting, hypomagnesaemia, aspartate aminotransferase increased, alanine aminotransferase increased, and alopecia. Thirty-four (83%) patients experienced grade ≥ 3 AEs, the most frequent of which were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Nine (22%) patients experienced serious AEs. Pulmonary toxicities (34%), considered a potential risk of LIFA, included one patient who discontinued study treatment due to grade 2 pneumonitis. The median duration of progression-free survival was 10.71 months (95% CI: 8.54, 13.86) with confirmed complete/partial responses in 24 (59%) patients. Pharmacokinetics of mono-therapy LIFA was similar in combination therapy. CONCLUSION: LIFA in combination with carboplatin ± bevacizumab demonstrated acceptable safety and encouraging activity in PSOC patients.