[Sociodemographic, clinical and ultrasound characterization of thyroid nodule pathology and its association with malignancy in a Colombian high-complexity center]. / Caracterización sociodemográfica, clínica y ecográfica de la enfermedad de nódulos tiroideos y su relación con la malignidad en un centro de alta complejidad colombiano.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Thyroid nodules are among the most frequent conditions, with a 10% risk of malignancy. The objective is to describe the frequency of demographic, clinical, and ultrasonographic characteristics of thyroid nodule pathology in adults and to explore the relationship with tumor malignancy. METHODS: An analytical, retrospective cross-sectional study in adults with thyroid nodules and nodular fine-needle aspiration performed in adult patients from a Colombian reference center between 2009-2019. Data were obtained from the clinical history, descriptive measures of the patient's demographic, clinical, and ultrasound variables were estimated, and their relationship with the malignancy of the tumor was explored. RESULTS: A total of 445 patients and 515 nodules were included. The median age was 55 years (IQR 44-64), 86.8% of women, and 54.8% had a single lesion. Percentages of 80.2 and 19.8 were benign and malignant nodules, with a median of 15.7mm (IQR 11-25) and 12.7mm (IQR 8.5-18.3), respectively (p<0.001). Hypothyroidism and levothyroxine consumption were higher in those with malignant nodules (p<0.001). The echographic characteristics were statistically different between the nodules. In the malignant ones, there was a higher frequency of solid composition, hypoechogenicity, and irregular margins. In contrast, in the benign ones, the absence of echogenic focus stood out (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The ultrasound characteristics are essential to define the risk of malignancy of a thyroid nodule. Therefore, considering the most frequent ones can help in the most appropriate approach to primary care.

Asociación entre síntomas depresivos satisfacción corporal y estado nutricional en niños y adolescentes / The relationschip between depressive symptoms, nutricional stratus and corporal dissatisfaction in adolescents

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la relación entre síntomas depresivos, estado nutricional e insatisfacción corporal en adolescentes. Nuestra hipótesis es que el estado nutricional esta asociado a sintomatología depresiva y que esta asociación puede estar mediada por el grado de insatisfacción corporal. La muestra corresponde a adolescentes, de ambos sexos, de 10 a 19 años, entre 5° básico y 4° medio, de Liceos Municipalizados de Hombres y de Mujeres de la comuna de Independencia. Obtenido su asentimiento y el consentimiento de sus padres, se procedió a la medición de peso y talla de 285 sujetos, a fin de obtener su índice de masa corporal (IMC), clasificándose en bajo peso, peso normal, riesgo de obesidad y obesidad, de acuerdo a las curvas de IMC para la edad del CDCNCHS. Se aplicó el Cuestionario de Depresión Infantil (CDI) considerándose los puntos de corte 14, 15 a 18 y 19, y el Cuestionario de Insatisfacción Corporal de la Universidad de Dallas, modificado por Rubén Zukerfeld (CIC) que clasifica a la muestra según insatisfacción corporal ausente, estándar, intensa y muy intensa. Los resultados muestran una prevalencia de síntomas depresivos superior que en estudios internacionales para el tramo etario, 15,8 por ciento considerando punto de corte 19, y 31,2 por ciento si consideramos punto de corte 15 (especificidad de 90 por ciento). Se encontraron cifras de obesidad (12,3 por ciento) y riesgo de obesidad (19,6 por ciento) acordes a la realidad nacional en este periodo evolutivo. No se observó una relación, directa y significativa, entre estado nutricional y síntomas depresivos, sin embrago si se encuentra una asociación entre insatisfacción corporal y sintomatología depresiva, lo que plantea el desafío de comprender mejor el significado de la corporalidad para el sujeto en este periodo evolutivo.

This work aims to explore the relationship between depressive symptoms, nutritional status and corporal dissatisfaction in adolescents. Our hypothesis is that the nutritional state this associated with depressive symptomatology and that this association can be mediated by the degree of corporal dissatisfaction. The sample is adolescents of both sexes, 10 to 19 years, between 5 th. To 12th, grade in mixed (female and male), public school at the Independencia’s neighborhood. Obtained their consent and the consent of their parents, we proceeded to the measurement of weight and height of 285 students to obtain their Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI classifying into low weight, normal weight, risk of obesity and obesity, according to the IMC curves for the age of CDC-NCHS. Was applied the questionnaire child depression (CDI) whereas the 14, 15 and 18 and 19, breakpoints and the Dissatisfaction Body Questionnaire (DBQ) of the University of Dallas, questionnaire amended by Rubén Zukerfeld that classifies the sample according to body dissatisfaction absent, standard, intense and very intense. The results show a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms that in international studies for the installment age, 15.8 percent whereas breakpoint 19 and 31.2 percent considering breakpoint 15 (90 percent specificity). Found obesity’s figures (12.3 per cent) and obesity’s risk (19.6 percent) according to the national reality in this evolutionary period. The study show that not observed a direct and significant relationship between nutritional status and depressive symptoms, however, was founding an association between body dissatisfaction and depressive symptomatology. These conclusion, posed the challenge to obtain a better understanding the meaning of the body image for the peoples in this evolutionary period.